• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권15호
• /
• pp.6681-6684
• /
• 2015

Background: Metastatic cancer with invasion of skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle is not common. Examples presenting as soft tissue masses could sometimes lead to misdiagnosis with delayed or inappropriate management. The purpose of current study was to investigate clinical characteristics in the involvement of metastatic cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,097 patients complaining of skin or soft tissue masses and/or lesions were retrospectively reviewed from January 2012 to June 2013. Tumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle of head and neck, chest wall, abdominal wall, pelvic region, back, upper and lower extremities were included in the study. Results: Fifty-seven (5.2%) patients were recognized as having malignancies on histopathological examination. The most common involvement of malignancy was basal cell carcinoma, followed by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma and melanoma. The most common anatomical location in skin and soft tissue malignancies was head and neck (52.6% of the malignancies). Four (0.36%) of the malignant group were identified as metastatic cancer with the primary cancer source from lung, liver and tonsil and the most common site was upper extremities. One of them unexpectedly expired during the operation of metastatic tumor excision at the scalp. Conclusions: Discrimination between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors is crucial. Performance of imaging study could assist in the differential diagnosis and the pre-operative risk evaluation of metastatic tumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.129-138
• /
• 2004

Cherishing the dead is based in sadness. Designing a memorial space therefore has an inherent challenge to evoke the feeling that is so personal and varied by providing a physical space. The tendency of memorials, especially in the US after the mid 20th century, has been to emphasis each dead individual, as seen at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D. C., the Oklahoma City National Memorial in Oklahoma City, and so forth. In the process of designing the memorial of the Taiwanese Chi-chi earth-quake, Cheng Kim Park Robidoux tried to set up a series of spaces through which not only the relatives of the dead but also unrelated visitors could have their own spatial experiences, private rituals and public events, so that they can finally build up a collective memory. Sky-Well consists of a large bamboo forest enclosing a void. Without a particular entrance and guiding system, visitors stroll and get lost in the bamboo forest before they find the central void. The horror they experienced during the earthquake is melted down into the motion and phenomenology of the bamboo forest whereas the central void is reinterpreted as an empty mind, where people find solace from the sky. Details, such as the bamboo wall to place commemorative flowers and lotus blossom paving, are echoing the theme of rebirth.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.237-247
• /
• 2019

Purpose: To analyze the maxillary sinus anatomy over edentulous ridges in the bilateral posterior maxillary area in Taiwanese patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: In total, 101 anatomical sites from 61 patients, including 32 premolar and 69 molar regions, were analyzed using CBCT. Measurements were made of the width and height of edentulous ridges, the thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus, and the presence of a sinus septum and the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA). A statistical analysis of the measurements was performed, and correlations among the measurements were assessed. Results: The average ridge width was $10.26{\pm}3.16mm$, with a significantly greater ridge width in the second molar region than in the premolar region. The mean residual ridge height was $8.55{\pm}4.09mm$, and ridge height showed an opposite trend from ridge width for the premolar and molar regions. A sinus septum was present at 5.9% of the sites, and the PSAA was observed in 24.5%. The average thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus was $2.08{\pm}0.94mm$, with no significant difference between the tooth position and lateral wall thickness. Conclusions: This study presents the anatomical features of the maxillary sinus, which should be considered in sinus lift procedures for implant placement, in the Taiwanese population. The use of CBCT is recommended to avoid intraoperative complications.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2009

Coastal village and Inland village was village in jeju. This study was cultural elements of stone to village in jeju. Memorial Stone and Stone Monument Street, Shrine, An altar of sarificial site for village tutelary spirits, Bangsatap(pagoda), 25 Bongsu(25 beacon fire stations) and 38 Yeondae(38 signaling sites), Hwanhaejangseong Fortress, Grave wall and Horse pasture walls were included in elements of history and culture to village in jeju. An altar of sarificial rite for village tutelary spirits was generally on the a hill near a village, built of Stone wall. Bangsatap(pagoda) was the kind and the size of stone to a location, that expresses the form and the scale. the form of grave wall was the oval or the rectangle, the latter was frequent. Thatched houses in jeju and facilities in a house, Stone wall, Tongsi(pigsty), Paeng namu and A heights of stone, Spring water and Water collected in a depression, Stone Weir, Horse mill and Dodaebul(Old Lighthouse) were included in elements of life and culture to village in jeju. Stone wall has the multiplicity of the size and the building method in the use, the function and the region. The form of Stone weir was the rectangular figure or the curvilinear figure, the section of that was the right triangle or the rectangular form.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.129-132
• /
• 2014

Facial skeletal remodeling was revolutionized more than 30 years ago, by the work of Tessier and other craniofacial surgeons. However, the need to correct the skeleton in the upper third of the face is not frequently diagnosed or treated in aesthetic facial surgery. Here, we report on the aesthetic correction of a protrusive forehead. A patient visited our hospital for aesthetic contouring with a prominent forehead. The anterior wall of the frontal sinus was removed with a craniotome via the bicoronal approach. After the excised bone was repositioned, it was fixed with a titanium mesh plate and screws. An electric burr was used to contour the supraorbital rim and frontal bone. Once the desired shape was achieved, the periosteum was replaced, and the wound was closed in layers. When performed properly, frontal sinus contouring could significantly improve the appearance in patients with a prominent forehead. Plastic surgeons must carefully evaluate patients with a prominent forehead for skeletal remodeling that involves the accurate and safe repositioning of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.37-53
• /
• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 제2차 세계대전에 참전하였던 미국, 소련, 그리고 독일이 만든 전쟁메모리얼에 나타난 국가적 기념성을 밝히기 위한 것으로, 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미국, 소련, 독일의 제2차 세계대전 전쟁메모리얼은 전사자 및 희생자 추모를 기본적 목적으로 조성되었다. 국가별로 미국은 자유를 위한 대의명분을 나타내며 단결과 승리를 고양하였고, 공산주의 국가 소련은 파시스트 나치 독일을 물리친 대조국전쟁을 강조하였다. 반면 국가적 기념이 어려웠던 독일은 전쟁 희생자를 추모하고 평화를 지향하였다. 둘째, 제2차 세계대전 메모리얼은 국가의 대표적 장소나 전적지 등 장소적 의미가 있는 곳에 입지하였고 독일에서는 교회묘지나 공공묘지에 조성되기도 하였다. 아울러, 메모리얼의 공간 중심축을 대칭을 이루고 정형적인 형태로서 간결하고 절제된 미적 특성을 보여주었다. 셋째, 미국과 소련은 공통적으로 기념벽에 전쟁의 모습을 시각적으로 표현하면서, 미국은 자유를 위한 희생과 헌신, 소련 및 동독은 공산주의 이념을 선전하는 메시지를 각각 다르게 기념적 텍스트로 나타냈다. 국가별로 미국은 국가를 상징하는 독수리, 각 주 및 영토를 나타내는 열주 등을 통하여 국가적 일체감을 강조하였고, 소련은 공산주의 양식의 군인 조각을 세웠다. 미국 및 소련에서는 공통적으로 승리를 상징하는 기념조각과 월계수를 사용하였지만, 독일에서는 전사한 군인조각을 세워서 전몰자를 추모하였다. 정치적으로 미국은 단결과 승리의 고양, 소련은 대조국전쟁의 승리와 공산주의의 선전, 그리고 독일은 화해와 평화를 추구하였으며, 종교적 측면에서는 미국, 소련, 독일 모두 기독교가 보편적 종교이기 때문에 십자가, 교회, 에비타 조각상 등 기독교적 상징을 다수 도입하는 기념문화적 특성을 보여주었다. 향후, 우리나라의 전쟁메모리얼에서 국가적 기념성과 기념문화를 정립하기 위한 연구가 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권10호
• /
• pp.4577-4581
• /
• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess thyroid function in breast cancer patients exposed to therapeutic external beam radiation. The focus was on possible progressive changes and any relationships between the incidence of primary hypothyroidism, the time required to become hypothyroid, and factors such as chemotherapy, hormonotherapy and immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: Seventy females undergoing 3D conformal and IMRT radiation therapy for breast cancers were enrolled in a non-randomized prospective study. The patients was divided into two groups: those after mastectomy or breast conserving surgery (BCS) were irradiated to a scar of the chest wall/breast and the ipsilateral supraclavicular and the axillary areas (supraclavicular radiotherapy group - SC-RT group - 32 patients) and the control group receiving adjuvant chest wall/breast RT only (BCT group - 38 patients).The total doses were 50.0 to 70 Gy in 5 to 7 weeks. The median follow-up term was 24 months (range, 1-40 months). Thyroid function was evaluated by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels. The minimum, maximum and mean thyroid gland doses for 20 Gy (V20) were calculated for all patients. Results: Statistically significant results were obtained for the SC-RT group. Two yearsa fter the end of RT the chance of an event was increased in 6% of the population (p=0.009) in the SC-RT group. In the BCT group no significance was noted. No statistically significant differences were found for V20, chemio-, immunotherapy and hormonotherapy or Ki67 values (p=0.12). No significant results were obtained for development of hypothyroidism and clinical factors (age, thyroid volume, treatment modalities). Conclusion: Radiotherapy is associated with a higher incidence of thyroid toxicity in breast cancer patients. Routine thyroid function monitoring should be recommended in such cases.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제61권5호
• /
• pp.568-573
• /
• 2018

Objective : Thoracic pedicles have special and specific properties. In particular, upper thoracic pedicles are positioned in craniocaudal plane. Therefore, manipulation of thoracic pedicle screws on the left side is difficult for right-handed surgeons. We recommend a new position to insert thoracic pedicle screw that will be much comfortable for spine surgeons. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 33 patients who underwent upper thoracic pedicle screw instrumentation. In 15 patients, a total of 110 thoracic pedicle screws were inserted to the upper thoracic spine (T1-6) with classical position (anesthesiologist and monitor were placed near to patient's head. Surgeons were standing classically near to patient's body while patients were lying in prone position). In 18 patients, a total of 88 thoracic pedicle screws were inserted to the upper thoracic spine with the new standing position-surgeons stand by the head of the patient and the anesthesia monitor laterally and under patient's belt level. All the operations performed by the same senior spine surgeons with the help of C-arm. Postoperative computed tomography scans were obtained to assess the screw placement. The screw malposition and pedicle wall violations were divided and evaluated separately. Cortical penetration were measured and graded at either : 1-2 mm penetration, 2-4 mm penetration and >4 mm penetration. Results : Total 198 screws were inserted with two different standing positions. Of 198 screws 110 were in the classical positioning group and 88 were in the new positioning group. Incorrect screw placement was found in 33 screws (16.6%). The difference between total screw malposition by both standing positions were found to be statistically significant (p=0.011). The difference between total pedicle wall violations by both standing positions were found to be statistically significant (p=0.003). Conclusion : Right-handedness is a problem during the upper thoracic pedicle screw placement on the left side. Changing the surgeon's position standing near to patient's head could provide a much comfortable position to orient the craniocaudal plane of the thoracic pedicles.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2016

With the ingenious properties of unconstrained formativeness and frank expression of materiality the exposed concrete became popular with numerous architectures. The application of the exposed concrete has expanded to indoor environments such as commercial and residential spaces beyond the building exteriors with the uncompromising nature of its materiality. The purpose of this study is to conduct sensibility evaluation of the exposed concrete finish in interior spaces. The sensibility evaluation is conducted through a survey on a set of space models of the exposed concrete finish. The three rendered space models were evaluated by emotional vocabulary of 18 pairs of words. The result were as follows: First, the emotions derived from the exposed concrete finish are 'modern', 'cold', 'simple', 'restrained', 'rough', 'dark', 'new', 'chic', 'familiar' and 'eco-friendly'. Second, three sets of space models with alternative materials on walls and floors in exposed concrete interior space showed clear difference in sensibility. A space with the exposed concrete finish on the floor, the walls and the ceiling showed the results of 'cold', 'dark', 'rational' and 'masculine'. In the exposed concrete finish environment with wood flooring 'comfortable', 'warm', 'bright' senses and with white paint finish on the wall 'bright', 'practical', 'ordinary' and 'restrained' senses were obtained. Third, all three images achieved senses of 'chic', 'modern', 'new', 'pleasant', 'environment friendly' and 'satisfactory'. The modernity and stylish expressions of the exposed concrete finish were kept with the application of different material finishes as well as complementing its cold and rough expressions with warmth and brightness.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2012

This study was aimed at analyzing the location and topology of the 'Gungmyo(宮廟)' and in Hanyang Doseong(漢陽都城) during 18th and 19th century. Based on the changes of royal processions(行幸) which had been done between the Gungmyo and the Palace, the Gungmyo can be a barometer of cognition where the city center was. Hanyang Doseong was the the capital of Joseon(朝鮮) which had established by king Taejo(太祖). The city had been organized with Gyeongbok-gung(景福宮) as the center. However, after the Imjin War(1592), Gyeongbok-gung was destroyed and urban space was reorganized with Changduk-gung(昌德宮) which reconstructed first. As most kings in late Joseon dynasty had mainly stayed in Changduk-gung, lots of Gungmyos where a memorial service for king's relatives had been held were established in and around the palace and the frequency of visiting the Gungmyo varied by political purpose. Therefore, the location of the Gungmyo and the rounte of parade were important to impress on the center of urban space. In 18th century, lots of King's procession had been done with Changduk-gung as departure point. The king used to start from Donwha-mun(敦化門), and the routes included main street around Changduk-gung. It shows that the urban center focused on the east of the city. On the other hand, when the king lived in Kyeonghee-gung(慶熙宮), a secondary palace in late Joseon dynasty, the parade started from Hungwha-mun(興化門) and the urban center was expended to the west. Since Gyeongbok-gung had reconstructed in 1865, recognition scheme of urban space had changed from Changduk-gung to Gyeongbok-gung as the center. When the Gungmyo relocated western side of Gyeongbok-gung, spatial proximity of the palace and relation with facilities around downtown fed into changing the route of king's parade.