• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1467-1474
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• 2016

In response to the water shortage problem, continued attempts are being made to secure consistent and reliable water sources. Among various solutions to this problem, wastewater effluent is an easy way to secure the necessary supply, since its annual output is consistent. Furthermore, wastewater effluent has the advantage of being able to serve various purposes, such as cleaning, sprinkling, landscaping, river management, irrigation, and industrial applications. Therefore, this study presents the possible use of reclaimed industrial wastewater treated with Birm filters and a UF membrane, along with an analysis on membrane fouling. The preprocessing stage, part of the reclamation process, used Birm filters to minimize membrane fouling. Since this study did not consider heavy metal levels in the treated water, the analyses did not include the criterion for irrigation water quality. However, the wastewater reclaimed by using Birm filters and a UF membrane met every other requirement for reclaimed water quality standards. This indicated that the treated water could be used for cleaning, channel flow for maintenance, recreational purposes, and industrial applications. The analysis on the fouling of the Birm filter and UF membrane required the study of the composition and recovery rate of the membrane. According to SEM and EDX analyses of the UF membrane, carbon and oxygen ion composition amounted to approximately 57%, whereas inorganic matter was not detected. Furthermore, the difference in the recovery rates of the distressed membrane between acidic and alkaline cleaning was more than ~78%, which indicated that organic rather than inorganic matter contributed to membrane fouling.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.74-74
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• 1993

집진용 Filter Bag 소재는 상당히 다양합니다. 최종용도 및 부직포의 생산공정등 여러가지 요인에 따라 천연섬유인 면이나 펄프로부터 합성섬유, 무기, 금속 Fiber등으로 만든 Filcer Media등 여러가지 제품이 있습니다. 그중에서 고온집진용 부직포는 주로 혹독한 환경에 처해지므로, 내열성 및 내화학성이 상당히 중요한 바, 이점에 있어서의 적절한 섬유로 만들어진 집진소재가 절실히 요구되면서 최근 도시 및 산업쓰레기 소각로 및 각종 산업플랜트 등과 같은 여러 고온용 집진산업에, 오스트리아 Lenzing사에서 제조한 P84섬유로 만들어진 Filter Bag이 각광을 맏고 있습니다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.25-48
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• 1998

Current topics related to membrane technology under the recent water environment are as follows: - Cryptosporidum Outbreak - Integrity Control System - Water re-use - Recycle Society - Biotreatment and Membrane - Slurry or Sludge Treatment I would like to introduce the actual examples regarding water re-use. mainly on the above 5 topics.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2009

This study was for the evaluation of adaptability of the fiber filter as the pre-treatment of the RO membrane through SDI (Silt Density Index) measurement. The turbidity of raw waters were $0.76{\sim}1.6$ NTU for the effluent of sewer treatment plants (STP) and $2.2{\sim}3.3$ NTU for sea waters and 100 NTU for the surface water. The turbidity of the $2^{nd}$ filtrate of the serially connected two fiber filters was $0.07{\sim}0.25$ NTU and $SDI_{15}$ was $1.4{\sim}2.8$ when the 17% PAC was dosed $10{\sim}30ppm$. Results of the turbidity and $SDI_{15}$ of the $2^{nd}$ filtrate of the fiber filter which were compared with them of the lab scale MF/UF disc filter for the same STP's effluents showed that filtrate quality were enhanced with a little on the order of two stage fiber filter>MF>UF, the difference in $SDI_{15}$ was only $0.7{\sim}1.0$. So, the filtrate of the serially connected two stage fiber filter could satisfy $SDI_{15}$ 5.0 safely which was normally required for the feed water by the RO membrane supplier and it means the serially connected two stage fiber filter could be applied as the pre-treatment process of the RO membrane.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.119-130
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• 2007

Sea food wastewater including high concentration of organics and nutrients is hard to treat stably by established traditional activated sludge process. This research is aimed to obey more and more of strengthened the law and to secure stable effluents by using advanced treatment process applied membrane filter in aeration tank for treatment of wastewater from marine products. It must maintain pH of influent over 6.0 to keep up stably biological sludge of advanced treatment process. At 38hr of HRT, removal rates of TBOD and TCOD were 99.9% and 99.4% respectively and TSS also removed with high efficiency. Most organics in the effluent was constituted with soluble type materials, it caused that membrane filter installed aeration tank should remove minute suspended particles. The reactor was operated well to get stable treatment results for operation period, in spite of high loading of organics like that $0.67{\sim}1.67\;kgTBOD/m^3/day$ of organics loading and $0.10{\sim}0.21\;kgBOD_5/kgMLSS/day$ of F/M ratio. At $36{\sim}48hr$ of HRT, removal rates of T-N and T-P were $89.7{\sim}90.7%\;and\;91.5{\sim}96.0%$ respectively. It means this treatment process also work to remove nutrients of high concentration. Upon investigation of advanced treatment's operation factors, optimum SRT was about 30days and average SNR that showed tendency to increase according to increase water temperature was calculated 0.014 gN/g MLVSS/d. SDNR was risen in conformity to increase F/M ratio of Non-aeration tank and investigated as $0.038{\sim}0.051\;gN/gMLVSS/d$.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.118-120
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• 2003

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2009

Depth cartridge filters are widely used in various kinds of manufacturing process of industrial fields. This study focused on the explanation of depth and surface filtration mechanism, manufacture process and also survey its major company and market trend. Furthermore, the failure mode and major factor which can be occurred in use, and the reliability test of liquid cartridge filter were studied.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 1995

지난 수십년간 부직포 산업에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있고, 정부차원에서 환경문제에 관심이 고조되면서 부직포를 이용한 FILTER의 수요는 꾸준히늘고 있다. 특히 대구의 페놀사건 및 리우회담 개최 등으로 환경문제에 전국민이 적극적으로 대응하고 관심의 영역이 급속히 넓어짐으로 인하여 공해방지용 각종 FILTER와 집진기용 FILTER의 수용가 상당히 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 또한 리우회담을 계기로 정부의 공해방지 및 환경에 대한 규제도 대폭 강화되었다. 이에 따라 기존의 직물을 소재로 한 여과매체보다 형태의 안정성, 다양성, FILTERING 효과에서 앞서고 있는 부직포의 여과매체에 대한 관심이 점차 높아지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 아질 개발하지 못한 부직포를 이용한 FILTER의 개발이 시급하고, 미개척 분야에서의 부직포 사용을 위한 연구가 꾸준히 이루어져야 하겠다. 그리고 환경규제가 강화됨에 따른 고서능 여과포의 개발 또한 시급한 실정이다. 본 장에서는 부직포를 이용한 여과매체, 즌 BAG FILTER의 제조 및 선정 등에 대하여 간략하게 소개하고 추후 부직포 산업의 활성화에 미약하나마 보탬이 되길 바란다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.45-48
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• 2000

Reverse osmosis filtration(RO) system and ultrafiltration(UF) system are principally use for domestic home drinking water treatment systems. The object of this study is to make a comparison between two systems in terms of theirs abilities to remove RNA coilphage QB as an indicator of pathogenic enteroviruses. The virus removal ratio of RO system was 99.999%, which was higher than EPA virus treatment guideline(99.99%). In the course of filtration, removal ratios of sediment filter, pre-carbon filter, reverse osmosis membrane and post-carbon filter were 75.000%, 93.208%, 99.997% and 99.999%, repectively. In case of UF system, virus removal ratio was 99.708%. Removal ratios of sediment filter, pre-carbon filter, post-carbon filter and ultrafiltration membration membrane were 71.038%, 91.530%, 98.283% and 99.708%, respecively, in UF steps. Therefore, RO system is more effective than UF system in virus removal.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2018

This study attempted to evaluate the process of self-forming dynamic membrane formation on mesh filter in membrane bioreactor with a two-stage method of batch (agitation) and continues (aeration) stage at different sludge concentrations. Four concentrations of activated sludge including $6{\pm}0.4$, $8{\pm}0.5$, $10{\pm}0.3$, $14{\pm}0.3g/L$ were used to demonstrate the optimal concentration of sludge for treating municipal wastewater and reducing fouling in dynamic membrane bioreactor. The formation time and effluent turbidity were decreased in the batch stage when increasing the activated sludge concentration. The minimum values of formation time and effluent turbidity were 14 min and 43 NTU for the optimum mixed liqueur suspended solids of $8{\pm}0.5g/L$, respectively. To improve operational condition and fouling reduction in the aeration stage, critical fluxes were measured for all concentrations by flux-step method. With increasing the sludge concentration, the relevant critical fluxes reduced. The optimum subcritical flux of $30L/m^2/h$ was applied as operating flux in the second stage. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 98% was achieved by the concentration of $8{\pm}0.5g/L$. Compressibility index of self-forming dynamic membrane and transmembrane pressure trend remained somewhat constant until the optimal concentration of $8{\pm}0.5g/L$ and thereafter they increased steeply.