• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2005

The tomato ripening associated membrane protein (TRAMP) (Fray et al., 1994) is a member of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, defined as channels facilitating the passage of water and small solutes through membranes. During normal fruit ripening the TRAMP mRNA levels were increased whereas the expression levels of TRAMP in low ethylene ACO1-sense suppressed lines, Nr and rin fruits, were lower than at the breaker stage of wild type fruit. TRAMP mRNA is inhibited by $LaCl_3$, which is an inhibitor of $Ca^{2+}$-stimulated responses, treatment but drought condition did not affect TRAMP expression. The levels of TRAMP mRNA transcripts were substantially higher in the dark treated seedlings and fruits. These suggest that TRAMP function as a water channel may be doubted because of several reasons; no water content was changed during ripening in wild type, antisense and overexpression lines, TRAMP expression under light condition was lower than dark condition and TRAMP expression was not changed in drought condition. Co-suppression plant, 3588 was one of sense suppression lines, which contain CaMV 35S promoter and sense pNY507 cDNA, produced small antisense RNA, approximately 21-25 nucleotides in length, mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Therefore, TRAMP expression was inhibited by small antisense and multiple copies might induce gene silencing without any production of double strand RNA. Total seven selected volatile productions, isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, hexanal, hexenal methylbutanal, hexenol, and methylbutanol, were highly reduced in sense line whereas total volatile production was increased in TRAMP antisense line. These results suggested TRAMP might change volatile related compounds.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호통권68호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 효율적인 형상최적화를 위해 다단계 분할기법으로 트러스 구조물의 형상 최적화를 시도하였다. 1단계에서는 단면적을 설계변수로 하여 중량, 또는 체적을 목적함수로 하고 다하중 재하조건 하의 거동제약조건과 부가적인 제약조건을 고려하여 비선형 최적화 문제를 형성한다. 이 비선형 계획문제를 축차 선형계획 문제로 변환하여 개선된 허용방향법으로 최적화하였다. 이때 필요한 도함수는 다른 연구와 달리 효율적이라고 알려진 거동공간법으로 구하였고, 최적화 과정 중 이를 이용하여 부재력를 근사화 함으로써 계산의 효율성을 높였다. 2단계에서는 형상 설계변수만을 고려한 무제약 최적화 문제로 형성한 후 일방향 탐사기법을 적용하여 형상을 최적화하였다. 이와 같이 구성된 본 연구의 알고리즘을 몇 가지 트러스 구조물에 적용하여 본 알고리즘의 적용성과 효율성 및 타당성을 증명하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호통권68호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 다제약 설계변수를 갖는 비선형 문제를 무제약 최소화 문제로 전환하는 축차무제약 최소화기법(SUMT)과 효과적인 강골조의 2차비탄성해석 방법 중의 하나인 개선소성힌지해석 방법을 접목시킨 평면 강골조의 연속최적설계 모델 및 프로그램을 개발하였다. 최적설계를 위한 목적함수로는 강골조물을 구성하는 모든 부재의 중량 합을, 제약조건으로는 AISC-LRFD의 휨강도, 전단강도, 압축 및 인장강도, 국부좌굴 및 부재좌굴, 그리고 단면형상 등에 관한 설계기준을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 연속최적설계 모델을 이용하여 여러 평면 강골조의 최적설계를 수행하였으며, 최적설계 견과로부터 개발한 연속최적설계 모델의 사용성, 타당성, 효율성 및 경제성 등을 검토하였다.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제63권
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• pp.151-182
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• 2020

본 연구는 침례교단의 교회 건강성을 측정할 수 있는 진단도구 개발에 관한 것이다. 이를 위해 건강한 침례교회의 정의와 건강성 요인을 살펴보고, 건강성 요인별 진단문항을 개발했다. 연구방법으로는 문헌고찰과 전문가 델파이 조사를 하였다. 이어서 쿼터 샘플링한 표본 390여 명을 대상으로 본검사를 하여 이를 기초로 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 했다. 연구결과 건강한 침례교회는 그리스도의 몸 된 지체로서 교회의 본질적 특성과 침례교회 정체성을 지니고 교회의 기능을 충실히 수행하여 하나님을 영화롭게 하는 신자들의 공동체로 정의 되었다. 침례교회 건강성 요인은 공동체성, 기능의 충실성, 침례교회 정체성, 교회의 본질적 특성 등이다. 이들의 하위 요인으로 믿음의 공동체, 예배, 전 신자 제사장, 사도성 등 17개 요인으로 확인되었다. 침례교회 건강성 측정도구는 119개 진단문항이 되며, 53개 또는 23개의 축약된 진단문항으로도 측정될 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.436-444
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• 2011

최근 멀티캐스팅의 활용도가 높아짐에 따라 그에 대한 보안이 중요한 문제로 인식되게 되었다. 멀티캐스트 환경에서 보안성을 제공하기 위해 지금까지 진행되어 오고 있는 연구는 주로 그룹 키 관리기법에 관한 것이다. 멀티캐스트 보안에 있어서 가장 중요한 것은 허가된 멤버만이 데이터에 접근할 수 있어야 한다. 이는 적합한 그룹 멤버들만이 공유하는 그룹 키를 통해 데이터를 암호화하여 전송함으로써 해결된다. 본 논문에서는 안전한 멀티캐스트 데이터를 전달하기 위하여 그룹 가입/탈퇴가 빈번한 멀티캐스트 환경에 적합한 에이전트기반의 그룹 키 관리방안을 제안하고자 한다. 에이전트기술을 도입하여 전체그룹을 여러 개의 서브그룹으로 분할하여 에이전트가 각 서브그룹의 멤버들을 관리하도록 한다. 또한 에이전트 내부에서는 트리기반으로 키를 관리하고 키 갱신을 위하여 일방향 해쉬함수를 사용한다. 이러한 제안방식은 통신 중간단계에서의 그룹 키 교환을 배제하여 키 노출을 방지하고 키 재분배 과정에서 발생하는 지연을 감소시킬 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9805-9812
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• 2014

Radixin, a member of the ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin) family, plays important roles in cell motility, invasion and tumor progression. It is expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic cells, including many types of epithelial and lymphoid examples. However, its function in glioblastomas remains elusive. Thus, in this study, radixin gene expression was first examined in the glioblastoma cells, then suppressed with a lentivirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) method.We found that there were high levels of radixin expression in glioblastoma U251cells. Radixin shRNA caused down-regulation of radixin gene expression and when radixin-silenced cells were implanted into nude mice, tumor growth was significantly inhibited as compared to blank control cells or nonsense shRNA cells. In addition, microvessel density in the tumors was significantly reduced. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and E-cadherin were up-regulated in radixin- suppressed glioblastoma U251 cells. In contrast, MMP9 was down-regulated. Taken together, our findings suggest that radixin is involved in GBM cell migration and invasion, and implicate TSP-1, E-cadherin and MMP9 as metastasis-inducing factors.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2001

From an ecological point of view, the western part of the Atlantic sector is one of the most productive areas in the Southern Ocean. Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and krill-dependent predators such as fish, seals, and birds are abundant there, and most krill fisheries have operated in this area since 1970s. The hottest issues for the proper management of krill resources nowadays are to determine total biomass in this area, and to identify environmental forces controlling stock fluctuation. This paper reviews and collates information on ongoing oceanographic activities in the Antarctic Peninsula region concerning these issues. To delineate the status and function of Antarctic krill population in Antarctic marine ecosystems, multinational researches along the Antarctic Peninsula area have been developing recently. Four member states of CCAMLR (Japan, Russia, UK, and USA) had conducted acoustic surveys in January-February 2000 (socalled CCAMLR-2000 survey), and krill standing stock at 120 kHz was estimated to be 44.29 million metric tonnes in the western Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. On the other hand, the Southern Ocean GLOBEC (SO-GLOBEC) Programme has prepared a serial winter survey to examine the factors that govern krill survivorship and distribution in relation to shelf circulation processes. Ship-based surveys using ice-breakers are being conducted by three nations (Germany, UK, and USA) around the Marguerite Bay during the austral fall and winter 2001 and 2002. In addition to these two large-scale surveys, some CCAMLR members have carried out joint oceanographic surveys near the South Shetland Islands to detect ecosystem changes since 1994. Especially from December 1999 to February 2000, in conjunction with CCAMLR-2000 survey, four nations (Japan, Korea, Peru, and USA) conducted acoustic surveys to produce time-series information on krill distribution and biomass near the South Shetland areas. Though the aims of each program and the approach to solve the scientific questions were different each other, the results from each program fill the gaps between programs. Further cooperation and exchange in these activities could be beneficial to each program.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2002

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the functioning of the basal ganglia, a brain area that contributes to the control of movement. The disease is caused by the death of nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine, a chemical messenger. The cells affected usually produce a neurotransmitter(a chemical that transmits nerver impulses) called dopamine, which acts with acetylcholine, another neurotransmitter, to fine-tune muscle control. In Parkinson's disease, the level of dopamine relative to acetylcholine is reduced, adversely affecting muscle control. When the supply of dopamine is depleted, the function of the basal ganglia is disrupted and its ability to control movement deteriorates. The result is that PD patients experience moderate rigidity, difficulty in initiating movements and slowness in executing them, and a rhythmical tremor at rest. Although the cause of Parkinson's disease is not known, genetic factors may be involved. About 3 in 10 people with the disorder have an affected family member. About 1 in 100 people over the age of 60 in the US have Parkinson's disease. And Parkinson's disease is slightly more common in men. The course of the disease is variable, but drugs may be the best effective in treating the symptoms and improving quality of life. But, The doctor may arrange physical therapy to help with physical mobility problems. It is important to continue to exercise and take care of your general health. Try to take a walk each day. Stretching exercises can help you maintain your strength and mobility. So, This papers will serve about the information of PD for clinical physical therapist. Finally, The aim of review is increasing approach method and technique for PD patients by the view of physical therapy.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.458-484
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• 2001

The costume originated from the idea that it could protect human beings from ferocious beasts. The military costume was from protection against an enemy equipped with weapons. Furthermore, the makers of the costume were afraid of supernatural powers and it made them devise an armour and decorate it by the concept of superstition for the purpose of overcoming it. The function of military uniform was important for increasing the protection against any enemies while they join in battle. However in harmonious time, it represented artwork of peace, dignity, and order. Since the uniform was a king of symbol to show their position, and their role. They could feel proud as a member of a military group they belong to and they gain honor, courage, patriotic sentiment through their military costume. The purpose of this study was to investigate the originality the military costume as it changed and developed continuously from ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome to modern times. This study was performed to show the comparison and characteristic marks of the past, and the influence of them on the modern military uniform. The method used in this study was using past manuscripts of the early times, information attained from domestic and foreign military documents and previously written reports. As a result, the military costume was one of many means of expression of their natural and social environment. It can be said that the most epoche-marking and powerful changes to the social environment are revolution or war. War absolutely has influenced on the changes of the changes of costume and the military armour according to the type of war and the development of weapons. Especially using the amour, the main purpose that of protecting the body has changed into distinguishing our forces from the enemy and instilling fear into enemy, Furthermore, the class who has the power has used it in order to express their power and dignity. Therefore, armour had required two rules to not only protect the body but also discriminating between classes.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.61-80
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to discover the characteristics and the change of the framed structure with triple beam. 61 existing buildings with the triple beam structure were selected and analyzed extensively. The result of this study could be described in detail like below. The triple beam structure is used in the highly graded and symbolized building like the Buddhist sanctum and the Confucian sanctum. And the triple beam structure was chiefly used in $1600{\sim}1800's$. Generally, 1 Koju-type with Toikan(退間) is applied to the triple beam structure. Despite of the sameness of framed structure, there is a tendency that the rear Toikan(後退間) is used in the Buddhist sanctum and the front Toikan(前退間) is used in the Confucian sanctum. This different application of the Toikan(退間) resulted from the different spatial characteristics which reflect function and grade of the building. The application of Sangjungdori(上中道里, upper purlin) and two Danyeon(短椽, short rafter) is a necessary consequence, because Jungbo(중보, middle beam) is located between Daebo(대보, beam) and Jongbo(종보, small and high located beam) as an additional member of frame. And these are essential characteristics of the framed structure with triple beam. The triple beam structure is formed in a transitional period, as the result from eliminating the inner high-column from the 2 Koju and double beam structure. Though the Daebo is longer, the structure is more stable. But the rate of application of the triple beam structure is low, because it does not exceed the double beam structure in merits. Some of buildings with the triple beam structure has the asymmetrical characteristic in design, which is appeared in the latter period of Joseon Dynasty.