• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2006

Simultaneous occurrence of medullary and papillary thyroid carcinomas in the same gland is very rare. In fact. there are only 18 cases of simultaneous occurrence of medullary and papillary thyroid carcinomas in the literature. We report a case of simultaneous medullary and papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland. A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed with medullary carcinoma of right lobe of thyroid gland and papillary carcinoma of left lobe of thyroid gland by fine needle aspiration cytology. Total thyroidectomy, anterior neck dissection, bilateral modified radical neck dissection and tracheotomy was undertaken. The tumor metastasized to regional lymph node and extrathyroidal muscle invasion of left papillary carcinoma was also revealed by pathological report. This report describes a case of thyroid carcinoma that demonstrated both medullary carcinoma and papillary components in the thyroid with lymph node metastasis.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.222-225
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• 1999

Background and Objectives: Medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) is a rare tumor derived from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland accounting for 5-10% of all thyroid malignancies. In Korea, there has been a few case report of medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) but their clinical analysis were not exactly studied. So, we made clinical study of 10 patients diagnosed as medullary thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We reviewed clinical data of 10 patients who were diagnosed as medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) from April 1973 to August 1998 at National Medical Center. Results: The incidence of MTC was 2.3% of all thyroid cancer and their mean age were 44.2 years old. Preoperative thyroid scan showed cold nodule in all patients and thyroid function test(TFT) was within normal range. Of the 10 patents, only 4 patients had diagnosis of MTC in preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy. All the patients underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection. Two patients with cervical lymph node metastasis underwent total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection and modified neck dissection. Two patients (20%) showed recurrence at the site of neck, lung, mediastinum, bone and liver. Conclusion: Most MTC is sporadic form and have peak incidence in the fifth decade and female preponderance. Preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy is considered to be a clinically useful diagnostic method, but its accuracy is not considered as much high as others. Total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection may be an useful surgical modality in treating medullary thyroid carcinoma.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2002

Background: The molecular pathogenesis of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma is well known to be associated with germ-line mutation in the RET proto-oncogene and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma has been shown to carry somatic RET mutation especially in exon 13 and 16. The aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic background in the pathogenesis of the sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma which shows extremely high incidence in Korea. Materials and Methods: Direct DNA sequencing for RET exon 13 and 16, as well as immunohistochemistrical assay for a monoclonal RET antibody were performed from 20 cases of archival tissues of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Results: Monoclonal RET antibody with C-terminal epitope showed comparatively stronger expression in tumor cells than in normal tissues and immunoreactive area in the tumor was $66.0{\pm}40.1%$. Direct sequencing of RET exon 13 revealed 4 cases of mis-sense mutations in Codon 778, Codon 767, and both in Codon 768 and 778. One case showed a silent mutation (ACG-ACT) in RET exon 16 (Codon 926). Conclusions: The strong RET immunoreactivity of medullary thyroid carcinoma may suggest that there could be a genetic alteration in oncoprotein level. RET proto-oncogene mutation may be involved in the evolutional process of medullary thyroid carcinoma in the aspect of molecular basis.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.274-279
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• 1996

저자들은 좌측 전경부 종물을 주소로 내원한 9세 여아에서 발생한 갑상선수질암종을 갑상선 전절제술 및 술후 방사성요드로 치료한 경험을 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.72-81
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• 1992

Thyroid cancer, the most common cancer of endocrine neoplasms, has tremendous variation in tumor biologic behavior. There is no consensus about treatment mode to prevent recurrences despite of recent advance in understanding characteristics of thyroid cancer. So, we have made a clinical analysis and follow-up study of recurred 27 cases among 189 cases treated under the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma in the department of surgery, Chonnam University Hospital from February, 1982 to February, 1992 to clarify our experience about the characteristics of recurred thyroid cancer. The results were as follow: According to the pathological classification of recurred thyroid cancer, recurrence rate was 11.6% in papillary carcinoma, 15.6% in follicular carcinoma, 37.5% in medullary carcinoma, 66.7% in undifferentiated carcinoma, respectively, and the mean recurrence rate of thyroid cancer was 14.3%. The recurrence rate according to age was 28.6% in 8th decade and 17.9% in 4th decade. The recurrence rate according to sex was not singificant(15.6% in male: 14% in female). The mean period to relapse was 4 years 6 months in papillary carcinoma, 2 years 5 months in follicular carcinoma, 2 years 1 months in medullary carcinoma, 2 years 6 months in undifferentiated carcinoma. The recurrence rate according to previous operating methods, such as performing lymph node dissection or not, mode of thyridectomy, type of lymph node dissection was statisfically non-specific. Common recurrent sites of papillary and follicular carcinoma was cervical lymph node and remained thyroid tissue. Medullary and undifferentiated carcinoma was noted in multiregional or systemic involvement Reoperation was performed with complete resection of recurred or metastatic mass, such as radical neck dissection or mass extirpation from involved organs as possible. The postoperative complications were 2 cases of horseness, and 1 case with hematoma, transient hypocalcemia, wound infection, and pulmonary insufficency, respectively. 5-year survival rate was 85.5% in papillary carcinoma, 66.7% in follicular carcinoma. 50% in medullary carcinoma, and 50% in undifferentiated carcinoma. We concluded that recurrence in thyroid cancer give a reconsideration to previous conservative therapy and more extensive surgical procedures for thyroid cancer including lymphatic dissection are recommanded to prevent recurrences in selected cases if possible.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권5호
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 2023

갑상선 수질암은 갑상선의 소포곁세포에서 기원하는 드문 악성 종양이다. 하시모토 갑상선염은 자가면역성 갑상선 질환의 일종으로, 갑상선 기능 저하증의 가장 흔한 원인이다. 하시모토 갑상선염과 갑상선 유두암 및 갑상선 림프종 사이의 연관성은 이전 연구에서 자주 논의되었다. 하지만 하시모토 갑상선염과 동반된 갑상선 수질암의 초음파 소견에 대한 보고는 거의 없었다. 증례에서 갑상선 실질은 미만성의 비균질 저에코 소견 및 내부에 에코발생 가닥이 관찰되었으며, 색 도플러 영상에서 증가된 혈관분포를 보였다. 이와 동시에 불분명한 경계의 평행한 방향성의 저에코성 종괴가 좌측 갑상선의 중간에서 하부 극에 관찰되었으며, 내부에는 중심 미세석회화를 보였고, 이는 불분명한 경계를 보인다는것을 제외하면 이전의 보고된 갑상선 수질암의 초음파 소견과 같았다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.213-217
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• 1996

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor arising from calcitonin producing-parafollicular cells. The tumor is clinically divided into sporadic and familial form, constituting about 80% and 20%, respectively. Recently, we experienced a case of unilateral and solitary sporadic medullary carcinoma of the left thyroid gland. The patient was a 9 year-old female, who presented with a palpable mass on the anterior lateral neck of 8 months duration without any familial and personal history of neuroendocrine disease. The cytopathologic findings showed spindle cells and plasmacytoid cells in the background of colloid-like materal. The nuclei were eccentrically located, mildly hyperchromatic and pleomorphic, showing speckled chromatin pattern without nuclear inclusion or prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm was abundant and had a pale granular cyanophilic appearance. No amyloid materal could be identified.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.442-446
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• 1995

Thyroid carcinomas are usually classified as papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Among the thyroid carcinomas, the incidence of medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is low, but the rate of lymph node & distant metastasis from them are more common compared to other types. Follicular thyroid carcinoma has a low rate of lymph node metastasis as 10% and has a high occurrence of hematogenous metastasis to lung, bone, brain and liver. Papillary thyroid carcinoma accounts for $60{\sim}70%$ of whole thyroid carcinomas and the cervical lymph node metastasis is $21{\sim}81%$ including micrometastasis, but the distant metastasis is rare. In the case of bone metastasis, follicular type reveals most frequent, and the rate is about 5%, and more likely to be found on vertebra, pelvis, ribs, femur, and skull. The clinical symptoms of bone metastasis are pain, swelling, pathological fracture and radiologically osteolytic lesions can be observed. But distant metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma is very rare and especially, bone metastasis has hardly been reported. The treatment modalities of metastatic thyroid carcinoma to mandible are known as follows : thyroidectomy to treat primary site, resection of the affected site of mandible, external beam radiotherapy and radioiodine therapy etc.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1991

A 33-year-old woman who was diagnosed as medullary carcinoma by fine needle aspiration of thyroid mass is presented. The smear revealed dispersed pattern and small clusters of cells without follicular or papillary structures. The nuclei were round, oval or spindle shaped and eccentrically located. The cytoplasm was abundant and showed red-stained cytoplasmic granulation and tail-like projection with indistinct border. Clumps of amorphous, light-green material were intermingled with tumor cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3861-3864
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• 2016

Background: Adipokines are bioactive proteins that mediate metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis. Changes in the secretion of key serum adipokines - adiponectin and letpin - may be associated with obesity, cancer and metabolic disorders. Thyroid cancer is one of the most important types of endocrine cancer. Therefore, investigating the association between serum levels of adiponectin and leptin and thyroid cancer might be important. The purpose of this study was to assess adiponectin and leptin levels in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cases in order to identify novel tumor markers. Materials and Methods: This research was based on a case-control study, including 45 patients with medullary thyroid cancer (21 men and 24 women) and 45 healthy controls (24 males and 21 females). Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by ELISA in both groups. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (kg/m2) was calculated. Results: Adiponectin and leptin levels were not significantly different between medullary thyroid carcinomas and the control group. Also, there was no correlation among age and body mass index and the disease. Conclusions: These results suggest that changes in serum adiponectin and leptin levels do not play an important role in the diagnosis or could act as as biomarkers for medullary thyroid cancer.