• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.661-671
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• 1993

In order to compare the geographical distribution of physician by level of medical care and specialty, a log linear model was applied to the annual registration data of the Korean Medical Association as of the end of December, 1991 which was supplemented from related institutions and adjusted with relevant sources. Those physicians in primary and secondary care institutions were not statistically significantly unevenly distributed by province-level catchment area. There were some differences in physician distribution among big cities, medium and small-sized cities, and counties; however, those physicians for primary care level were equitably distributed between cities and counties. Specialties for secondary care physicians were less evenly distributed in county areas than in city areas, and generalists are distributed more evenly in cities and counties than in big cities. There is a certain limitation due to underregistration in the annual physician registration to the Korean Medical Association; however, the geographical distribution of physicians has been improved quantitatively. It is strongly suggested that specialties and the level of medical care should be considered for further physician manpower studies.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2014

Purpose: In spite of many Healthy Cities projects in Korea, there are few research about healthy urban planning. So we tried to use available recent models to a Healthy Cities project in a medium sized city in Gyeongnam province. Methods: Using mainly European Healthy Urban Planning Model and opinion leader survey, SWOT analysis, forum and discussion have been done to a city. Secondary city health indicator obtained from Ministry of Statistics. Results: There are strong need to develop health industry, green traffic and healthy living from survey using Healthy Cities policy direction of Korean Health Promotion Fund. Among the Healthy Urban Planning objectives, improvements of physical environments, prevention of accidents and crime, improvements of healthy esthetics rated highly. Although environmental pollution was problem local government push forward to the pilot healthy urban project as active healthy water-front development. Considering secondary healthy city indicators, change of external forces and internal capacity final task for healthy urban planning for Yangsan city were development of riverside physical education park and active living and anti-ageing environments etc. Conclusions: Comprehensive assessment and plan was possible through MAPP Model using European Healthy Urban Planning objectives to draw the direction of future urban planning for Healthy Cities Projects. Further research and formal introduction would be needed.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate safety and dangerous awareness of environment on walking trails. For this purpose, questionnaire survey are carried out by people who had experience using walking trails during 2016. It is evaluated that environments of walking trails located inside big cities are inferior than ones located in small and medium-sized cities and countryside in air pollution, bed smell, water pollution, noise, and waste. Needs about management and number installed public restroom are high for hygienic environment of walking trails. With waste treatment, users of 2.4 percentage are showed improper behavior that they left their rubbish at the place out of view but others bring their trash. Accident likelihood is highly appreciated and possibility of physical accident like slipping is showed at the highest. The reasons of accident on walking trails are responded with carelessness of walkers and improper of installation or management of safety facility at the most. For safety environment of walking trails, needs of installation of safety fences and notices of dangerous area are requested. In order to separate prevention from paths of walking trails, signposts are needed at visual clearness, maintenance, installation with proper interval and location, and correct contents. Respondents of 2.4 percentage have experiences of accident on walking trails and physical accident like slipping is occurred at the most.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.310-320
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's environmental literacy level and variables that affected their environmental literacy. Of the students, 969 in third grade from big cities, medium sized cities and rural areas participated in this study, and their environmental literacy was measured through 69 questions consisted of 24 items for knowledge, 22 for attitude, 16 for behavior, and 7 for skills with 13 demographic variables. Eighty minutes were given to answer the questions. Statistical analysis was conducted on each of the categories (knowledge, attitude, behavior, skill) that make up environmental literacy and multivariate analysis variance (MANOVA) was also conducted to investigate variables that affect environmental literacy. Results indicated that the correlation between attitude and behavior is the highest. Also, it was found that a demographic variable might affect one, two, or sometimes all categories of the environmental literacy.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school student's environmental literacy level and variables that affect their environmental literacy. Of the students, 987 in 7th grade from big cities, medium sized cities and mountain areas participated in this study, and their environmental literacy was measured through 88 questions (27 items for knowledge, 27 items for attitude, 25 items for behavior, 9 items for skill) with 14 demographic variables. Forty-five minutes were given to answer the questions. Statistical analysis was conducted on each of the categories(knowledge, attitude, behavior, skill) that make up environmental literacy and factor analysis was also conducted to investigate variables that affect environmental literacy. Results indicated that the correlation between attitude and behavior is the strongest. Also, it was found that a demographic variable might affect one, two, or sometimes all categories of the environmental literacy. Especially students' perceptions, knowledge and attitude of science positively affect all categories of environmental literacy.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2021

In this study, water resource topics, infrastructure, water supply, users, and economic indicators based on statistical annual standards for evaluating water welfare were selected by examining domestic and foreign water resource-related indicators. The level of water welfare was evaluated relative to 23 cities and counties in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do using data from the Statistical yearbook, and places with high value of indicators urbanization and large populations were excellent in the infrastructure field, but overall analysis showed that small and medium-sized cities had higher levels. It is judged that it is necessary to develop continuous research and indicators that can evaluate and quantify the level of physical welfare that the people can feel by utilizing the results of this study. In future studies, it is necessary to systematically evaluate the level of water welfare by local governments in Korea through more diverse evaluation items and detailed indicators for each item so that it can be used as basic data for realizing water welfare.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.634-641
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• 2019

세계 인구는 2019년 현재 77억 명에 달하고 있다. 이러한 추세에도 불구하고 모든 도시가 성장하고 있는 것은 아니다. 늘어나는 인구의 대부분은 편의시설, 일자리 문제로 큰 도시로 몰리고 있으며 이러한 현상은 중소도시의 인구감소를 유발하고, 더 나아가 특정도시에 있어서는 고용감소, 경기침체와 같은 결과로 이어지고 있다. 국내도 예외는 아니며 전국의 인구가 특별시, 광역시 등으로 몰리고 있는 추세이다. 일찍이 해외에서는 이러한 현상들을 해결하기 위해 오로지 도시의 성장에만 초점을 맞추는 전략이 아닌, 도시의 축소에 대응하는 방법을 연구하기 시작하였다. 본 논문에서는 국내 도시들의 인구동태를 파악하고 축소도시로 선정된 도시 사례를 파악하고 그 현황을 분석하였다. 다음으로 같은 맥락에서 해외 사례를 통해 축소도시의 문제에 대응하기 위한 전략으로 선택된 스마트 축소도시의 개념을 파악하였다. 이를 통해 국내와 해외의 대응 전략상의 차이점을 비교하였다. 결론에서는 일반적인 스마트 축소도시 전략에서 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 예측, 새로운 대안으로 유연한 스마트 축소도시(FSSC: Flexible Smart Shrinking City) 전략을 제안하여 자원과 비용을 효율적으로 사용하기 위한 방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.571-588
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• 2011

With the development of the technology, the usage of the car has been increased to the allowed limit of the road and has caused global warming and air pollution. Subway is good transit system with punctuality, safety and eco-friendliness, but it needs relatively much money for construction considering the needs of transit. So it is hard to balance the finance. Many developed countries have adopted advanced transit system including tram for the linking small and medium sized cities after 1980s, due to the relatively low construction cost. This paper reviews the way to increase the role of tram which is planed to be introduced to the local governments as a kind of Advanced transit system.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.82-83
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• 2017

The samll-medium sized cities do not have enough infrastructure for the construction work, especially in terms of concrete supply. This research surveyed the capacity of remicon companies in Gunsan related with production and delivery. Their production capacity is bigger than the daily quantity required, however the delivery capacity is not enough to supply the daily quantity required and it is inevitable to use the several remicon using different admixture. It might cause the harm to the structure. This research studied the way to remove the quality risk when using different admixture at the same time.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Facing the challenges of urban form and space quality in a high-density environment, the paper puts forward the development trend of three-dimensional and multi-functional design for an urban high-rise complex, and analyzes the design methods of establishing an urban landmark, including multi-functional composition, three-dimensional space integration, three-dimensional traffic organization and energy flow programming. Meanwhile, combined with the specific design case of Yiwu World Trade Center, the practical experience of designing a high-rise complex in China's medium-sized cities is analyzed.