• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권9호
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• pp.2302-2322
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• 2012

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are introduced as an enabling technology in tele-health for patient monitoring. Designing an efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the main challenge in WBANs because of their various applications and strict requirements such as low level of energy consumption, low transmission delay, the wide range of data rates and prioritizing emergency data. In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol to provide different requirements of WBANs targeted for medical applications. The proposed MAC provides an efficient emergency response mechanism by considering the correlation between medical signals. It also reduces the power consumption of nodes by minimizing contention access, reducing the probability of the collision and using an efficient synchronization algorithm. In addition, the proposed MAC protocol increases the data rate of the nodes by allocating the resources according to the condition of the network. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed MAC protocol outperforms IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol in terms of power consumption level as well as the average response delay. Also, the comparison results of the proposed MAC with IEEE 802.15.6 MAC protocol show a tradeoff between average response delay and medical data rate.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.2499-2522
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• 2017

Multi-hop networks are a low-setup-cost solution for enlarging an area of network coverage through multi-hop routing. Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is frequently used in multi-hop networks. Multi-hop networks face multiple problems, such as a rise in contention for the medium, and packet loss under heavy-load, saturated conditions, which consumes more bandwidth due to re-transmissions. The number of re-transmissions carried out in a multi-hop network plays a major role in the achievable quality of service (QoS). This paper presents a statistical, analytical model for the end-to-end delay of contention-based medium access control (MAC) strategies. These strategies schedule a packet before performing the back-off contention for both differentiated heterogeneous data and homogeneous data under saturation conditions. The analytical model is an application of Markov chain theory and queuing theory. The M/M/1 model is used to derive access queue waiting times, and an absorbing Markov chain is used to determine the expected number of re-transmissions in a multi-hop scenario. This is then used to calculate the expected end-to-end delay. The prediction by the proposed model is compared to the simulation results, and shows close correlation for the different test cases with different arrival rates.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1420-1426
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• 2008

본 논문은 IEEE 802.11e 무선랜 환경에서 단말 수에 따른 각 AC(Access Category)별 포화 상태의 시스템 처리율과 관련한 기존 결과에 기반을 두어, IEEE 802.11e 무선랜 네트워크에서의 패킷 전송시간 간격을 통해, 각 AC별 매체 접속 지연 시간을 유도한다. 이 매체 접속 지연 시간을 서비스시간으로 갖는 대기행렬모형을 이용하여, 정상 상태에서의 각 AC별 대 기열의 길이와 패킷 지연 시간을 유도한다. 또한, 수치 해석과 모의 실험을 통하여 모형의 정확성을 검증하고 각 AC별 성능을 분석한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an adaptive time division multiple access based medium access control (MAC) protocol, called bitmap-assisted shortest job first based MAC (BS-MAC), for hierarchical wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The main contribution of BS-MAC is that: (a) It uses small size time slots. (b) The number of those time slots is more than the number of member nodes. (c) Shortest job first (SJF) algorithm to schedule time slots. (d) Short node address (1 byte) to identify members nodes. First two contributions of BS-MAC handle adaptive traffic loads of all members in an efficient manner. The SJF algorithm reduces node's job completion time and to minimize the average packet delay of nodes. The short node address reduces the control overhead and makes the proposed scheme an energy efficient. The simulation results verify that the proposed BS-MAC transmits more data with less delay and energy consumption compared to the existing MAC protocols.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2014

To solve inefficient spectrum usage problem under current static spectrum management policy, various kinds of dynamic spectrum access strategies have appeared. Myopic policy, which maximizes immediate throughput, is a simple and robust strategy with reduced complexity. In this paper, we present a simple mathematical model to evaluate the saturation throughput and medium access delay of a myopic policy in the presence of multiple channels.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2001

In this paper, a medium access control protocol is proposed for integrated voice and data services in wireless local networks. Uplink channels for the proposed protocol are composed of time slots with multiple spreading codes per slot based on slotted code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. The proposed protocol uses spreading code sensing and reservation schemes. This protocol gives higher access priority to delay-sensitive voice traffic than to data traffic. The voice terminal reserves an available spreading code to transmit multiple voice packets during a talkspurt. On the other hand, the data terminal transmits a packet without making a reservation over one of the available spreading codes that are not used by voice terminals. In this protocol, voice packets do not come into collision with data packets. The numerical results show that this protocol can increase the system capacity for voice service by applying the reservation scheme. The performance for data traffic will decrease in the case of high voice traffic load because of its low access priority. But it shows that the data traffic performance can be increased in proportion to the number of spreading codes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.911-923
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• 2014

Ad hoc cognitive radio wireless sensor networks allow secondary wireless sensor nodes to recognize spectrum opportunities and transmit data. Most existing protocols proposed for ad hoc cognitive radio wireless sensor networks require a dedicated common control channel. Allocating one channel just for control packet exchange is a waste of resources for channel-constrained networks. There are very few protocols that do not rely on a common control channel and that exchange channel-negotiation control packets during a pre-allocated time on the data channels. This, however, can require a substantial amount of time to access the channel when an incumbent is present on the channel, where the nodes are intended to negotiate for the data channel. This study examined channel access delay on cognitive radio wireless sensor networks that have no dedicated common control channel.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1256-1271
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 Gbit 매체접근데어 프로토콜인 HMR(High-speed Multimedia Ring)의 퀘타 할당방법을 변형 적용하여 B-ISDN의 GFC(Generic Flow Control) 프로토콜로 제안하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안된 프로토콜의 성능을 분석하였다. HMR 프로토콜은 Gbit ATM-LAN으로 제안되었지만 버스, 링, 스타버스 형태의 토폴로지에 적용할 수 있도록 고려되었을뿐 아니라 멀티미디어 트래픽 수용을 위한 다단계의 우선순위 제어기능을 가지고 있으므로 수정없이 GFC 프로토콜로 적용이 가능하다. 그러나 기존의 HMR 프로토콜에서 제안되었던 정적퀘타할당 방법은 버스트성이 큰 트래픽에 대하여는 엑세스지연이 과다하게 되는 단점이 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 큐의 크기를 고려한 동적퀘타할당 방식을 적용한 HMR 프로토콜을 제안하고 CCITT에서 제안한 7사지 GFC 시험절차를 적용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 동적 퀘타할당 방식을 적용한 HMR 프로토콜은 정적퀘타할당 방식을 적용한 HMR에 비하여 개선된 성능을 나타내었다. 또한 HMR-GFC 프로토콜은 ATMR에 비하여 우수한 성능을 나타내며, DQDB와는 대등한 정도의 성능을 나타탬을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2004

In this paper, we explore the utility of recently discovered multiple-antenna techniques (namely MIMO techniques) for medium access control (MAC) design and routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Specifically, we focus on ad hoc networks where the spatial diversity technique is used to combat fading and achieve robustness in the presence of user mobility. We first examine the impact of spatial diversity on the MAC design, and devise a MIMO MAC protocol accordingly. We then develop analytical methods to characterize the corresponding saturation throughput for MIMO multi-hop networks. Building on the throughout analysis, we study the impact of MIMO MAC on routing. We characterize the optimal hop distance that minimizes the end-to-end delay in a large network. For completeness, we also study MAC design using directional antennas for the case where the channel has a strong line of sight (LOS) component. Our results show that the spatial diversity technique and the directional antenna technique can enhance the performance of mobile ad hoc networks significantly.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.423-425
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• 2007

In this paper, Medium Access Control(MAC) protocol designed for Wireless Body area Sensor Network(Bio-MAC) is proposed, Because in WBSN, the number of node is limited and each node has different characteristics. Also, reliability in transmitting vital data sensed at each node and periodic transmission should be considered so that general MAC protocol cannot satisfy such requirements of biomedical sensors in WBSN. Bio-MAC aims at optimal MAC protocol in WBSN. For this, Bio-MAC used Pattern -SuperFrame, which modified IEE E 802.15.4-based SuperFrame structurely. Bio-MAC based on TDMA uses Medium Access-priority and Pattern eXchange -Beacon method for dynamic slot allocation by considering critical sensing data or power consumption level of sensor no de etc. Also, because of the least delay time. Bio-MAC is suitable in the periodic transmission of vital signal data. The simulation results demonstrate that a efficient performance in WBSN can be achieved through the proposed Bio-MAC.