• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.357-367
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• 2014

The path of the search has been long and complex but rich in cultural, economic, religious, and human aspects. The relations between these two ports, Malta and Trieste, full of a painful and difficult but also glorious and fair history, have had their ups and downs as a theater, not so much land as the sea, and in this case the Mediterranean. This area has led to a similar vision of the historical aspects of the various dominations, and has a significant influence on the habits, customs and life of the people of Malta and Trieste. Their particularly complex history has unfolded with ups and downs, contrasting with other difficult times more happier and constructive as it has always, however, in the history of man. The purpose of this article is to analyze and arrange manifestly the history of commercial and maritime interchanges between Malta and Trieste, not achieved in Korea until now. This material has high scientific value gathering sufficient data for this article.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

Lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolases [EC 3.1.1.3]) are water-soluble enzymes. They catalyze the hydrolysis of fats and oils. A cold-active lipase from marine Bacillus cereus HSS, isolated from the Mediterranean Sea, Alexandria, Egypt, was purified and characterized. The total purification depending on lipase activity was 438.9 fold purification recording 632 U/mg protein. The molecular weight of the purified lipase was estimated to be 65 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, pH, and temperature were 1.5 mM, 100 µl, pH 6 and 10℃, respectively. The lipase was tolerant to NaCl concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 4.5%. The lipase was affected by the tested metal ions, and its activity was inhibited by 16% in the presence of 0.05 M SDS. The application of the cold-active lipase for the removal of an oil stain from a white cotton cloth showed that it is a promising biological agent for the treatment of oily wastes and other related applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the purification and characterization of a lipase from marine B. cereus HSS isolated from the Mediterranean Sea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 1999

Surface sediment samples collected from the eastern half of the Yellow Sea proper in 1998 were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous pollutants. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 1.0 to $320.5ng\;g^{-1}$ dw. Relatively high concentrations of PAHs were found in the muddy central part of the Yellow Sea. Sedimentary total PAHs concentrations in the Yellow Sea proper were similar to those of Californian offshores and the central Mediterranean Sea, albeit an order of magnitude lower than the Yellow Sea nearshore areas. Phenanthene/Anthracene concentration ratio of PAHs in bottom sediments suggested that pyrolytic PAHs might be dominant over petrogenic ones in the eastern Yellow Sea. Downcore depth distributions of PAHs from the relatively undisturbed core samples of the central Yellow Sea showed decreasing PAHs concentrations with core depths and suggested that the Yellow Sea has been increasingly exposed to PAH for decades. Annual total PAH flux to these sediments was estimated to be $166{\mu}gm^{-2}yr^{-1}$ in the central part of the Yellow Sea for the recent decade.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 2021

The current increasing size of container vessels affects the container port's situation. The containerization has changed the inter-modal handling process, which brought more flexibility and comfortableness in the shipping industry sector. Thus, it is very crucial to analyze the efficiency of container ports in the regional sphere. Such kind of efficiency analysis provide a powerful management tool for port operators and shipping managers in the Mediterranean market, and it also helps to form an information for planning new regional and national port operations. This paper aims to analyze the ports' technical efficiency of Mediterranean major container ports. It is conducted to establish the model of port performance and efficiency through the empirical test of the various factors. Regarding to the panel data collected from the 48 DMUs (decision making units), this study attempts to provide the empirical basis of the port efficiency relative to another factors in the total port performance. Due to the complexity of the various activities carried out at container ports, the study focuses only on the technical efficiency at the level of the Mediterranean container port. Unlike the practice of cross-sectional data analysis, originally established by Charnes et al. (1985), the panel data in DEA window analysis applications are used. The main focus of this study is the relative technical efficiency of 12 container ports from 7 countries in the Mediterranean market. The selection of ports under study is based on their high handling capability and rankings in World Top 100 (Containerization International, 2018).

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.379-388
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• 1995

Two marine harpacticoid copepods are newly recorded from Korea : Eudactylopus specitabilis (Brian, 1923) and E. andrewi Sewell , 1940. Six species are currently recognized in the genus Eudactylopus, multitidue of which were often disputed among authors on their taxonomic status, so we treat here the taxonomic features of the two species above on the basis of specimens from South Sea and East Sea of Korea. E.spectabilis occurred first outside the Mediterranean Sea. and is fully redescribed with illustrations. Important male characters like the shape of leg 2 endopod and leg 5 with its setal arrangement are particularly emphasized as the diagnostic characters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.151-155
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• 1996

지중해의 조석 현상은 그 크기가 수 cm 정도로서 큰 관심을 갖지 못했는데 근해의 위성 고도계에 의한 순환 연구가 활발해 짐에 따라 조석 모델링이 시작되고 있다(Tsimplis 등, 1995; Kantha, 1994). 지중해는 Sicily 해협을 중심으로 두 개의 분지로 나뉘어져 서측 분지는 지브랄타 해협을 통해 대서양과 연결되며 아드리아해와 에게해는 오트란드 해협과 크레테 해협을 동해 동측 분지와 연결되고 있다. (중략)

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

In this study, wave spectrum based fatigue analyses are studied for Turkey's adjacent coastal seas by using Maestro finite element analyzing software. Palmgren-Miner's method is used to obtain the fatigue safe life time. Palmgren-Miner's method was selected for the fatigue analyses because of its good acceptance of data from almost all classification societies such as Germanischer Lloyd, the American Bureau of Shipping, Det Norske Veritas, etc. The maximum stress regions of the structures are obtained by using finite element analyses, and the results are compared with the endurance limit of the W$\ddot{o}$hler diagram of AA5059 H321 aluminum alloy. The wave characteristics table given in this article is used to obtain the number of cycles for each sea condition. By using the wave characteristics table, the wave lengths, wave speeds, and cycles are obtained. This study is performed to estimate the lifetimes of a semi-swath type coast guard boat and/or commercial yacht projects, which are produced by using AA5059 H321 aluminum alloy, under different sea environment conditions. Fatigue examinations are performed for both head seas and oblique seas.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-48
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• 2018

The Silk Road usually implies a network of trade and communications that stretched from east to west and connected China and the countries of the Far East via Central Asia and the Middle East to the eastern Mediterranean, or through the northern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Volga basin to the Black Sea coast. However, at certain historical stages, a network of maritime and overland routes stretching from north to south, commonly called the Volga-Caspian trade route, also played a significant role in international trade and cultural contacts. The geopolitical realities of the early Middle Ages relating to the relationship of Byzantium, the Sassanid Empire, and the West Turkic Khaganate, the advance of the Arab Caliphate to the north, the spread of Islam in the Volga region, the glories and fall of the Khazar State, and the Scandinavian campaigns in the Caucasus, closely intertwined with the history of transport and communications connecting the north and south through the Volga-Caspian route. In a later era, the interests of the Mongolian Uluses, and then the political and economic aspirations of the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid State, and Russia, collided or combined on these routes. The article discusses trade contacts existing between the north and the south in the 15th and first half of the 17th century along the routes on the western coast of the Caspian Sea.

• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2012

The genus Pterosiphonia is composed of 22 species worldwide and four of these species have been reported in the North-East Asia. In Korea, P. pennata originally described from the Mediterranean Sea has been previously recorded from the southern coast as a widespread species. In order to confirm the same species from Korea and Mediterranean, we observed the morphology of Korean Pterosiphonia specimen and analyzed rbcL sequences for inferring phylogenetic relationships among similar congeners. Korean entity was recognized as a new species, Pterosiphonia arenosa sp. nov. The new species is characterized by ecorticate axes with 7-10 pericentral cells, branches formed every two segments, and coalesced with main axis over 1-1.25 axial segments, and tetrasporangia formed in straight series on determinate branches of the upper parts of erect axes. A phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequences demonstrated that P. arenosa was distinct from P. pennata found in Spain as well as other species. In conclusion, morphological and molecular sequence data indicated that P. arenosa sp. nov. has been previously misidentified as P. pennata in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.124-144
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• 2008

This study is taken as the part of the cultural research on the Kaspian coastal region, which has a great significance as the start of human civilization and in the history of cultural exchange. This study is focused on the Achaemenid dynasty of the great Persian Empire that Iranians have established on the Parsa region, south of Iran on 6-4th century B.C. This research limits to the tribute-relief illustrated on the stairs of Apadana Palace in Persepolis during the age of Achaemenid dynasty. The objective of this research is classify and analyze Persians and its neighboring tribes, their dresses and the detailed elements of the dresses to complete the typology of the dresses in that period and use this to categorize the features of nomadic and agricultural tribes of costal areas of the Mediterranean Sea to Northern India and study the cultural exchange and its effects. Furthermore, we aim to use the above typology to revise the typology of the Korean traditional dresses that were formerly just sorted as a type of coat-trousers that classified as a nomadian Scythian dress type. The results of above analysis are as follows: The clothing of many tribes living in the coastal areas of Mediterranean Sea to the Northern India in the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia on 6th century B.C. shows that the typology of the dressings have close relationship with the region they live in. Such typology is displayed differently from tribes east and west of Iran. The tribes west of Iran showed characteristics of an agricultural tribe and the tribes east of Iran displayed features of a nomadic tribe. In addition, uniformed styles of dressing were displayed amongst many tribes sharing a common lineage. Such inference came from the fact that similar styles of dressings were identified not only in tribes east of Iran but also in tribes west of Iran.