• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.166-171
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• 2018

Although there are many commercially available training software programs for pharmacokinetics, they lack flexibility and convenience. In this study, we develop simulation software to facilitate pharmacokinetics education. General formulas for time courses of drug concentrations after single and multiple dosing were used to build source code that allows users to simulate situations tailored to their learning objectives. A mathematical relationship for a 1-compartment model was implemented in the form of differential equations. The concept of population pharmacokinetics was also taken into consideration for further applications. The source code was written using R. For the convenience of users, two types of software were developed: a web-based simulator and a standalone-type application. The application was built in the JAVA language. We used the JAVA/R Interface library and the 'eval()' method from JAVA for the R/JAVA interface. The final product has an input window that includes fields for parameter values, dosing regimen, and population pharmacokinetics options. When a simulation is performed, the resulting drug concentration time course is shown in the output window. The simulation results are obtained within 1 minute even if the population pharmacokinetics option is selected and many parameters are considered, and the user can therefore quickly learn a variety of situations. Such software is an excellent candidate for development as an open tool intended for wide use in Korea. Pharmacokinetics experts will be able to use this tool to teach various audiences, including undergraduates.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.52-64
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• 2002

Background : Coding of principal diagnosis is essential component for producing reliable health statistics. We performed this study to evaluate the current practice of principal diagnoses determination and coding, and to give some basic data to improve coding of principal diagnosis. Method : Nineteen medical record administrators (MRAs) of 3 university hospitals participated in coding principal Dx. from August 1, 2001 to August 31, 2001. From each hospital, 10 medical records of patients with high frequency disease were selected randomly. Each 10 medical records were grouped into three (A. B, C). Then, these 30 medical records were given to each MRAs for coding. At the same time questionnaire was given to each of them. Questions were to prove how they decide and code the principal diagnosis among many current diagnoses; how they decide and code the principal diagnosis when they see irrelevant diagnosis recorded as the principal diagnosis in medical record, when only tentative diagnoses were recorded without final diagnosis, and when different diagnoses were recorded in different sheets of same record. Agreement of coding among 3 hospitals were compared and survey results were analysed with SAS 6.12. Results : Agreement of coding was found in medical records 5-6 of each 10 medical records. Causes of disagreement were as follows. Difference of clinician's opinion from each hospital; mixed use of guideline from KCD-3 and guideline from DRG; difference in 4th digit classification according to the absence of pathology report in the medical record; difference of abbreviations among hospitals. 57.9% of MRAs selected the principal diagnosis recorded by physician, 42.1% of MRAs decided principal diagnosis after consulting to KCD-3 guideline. When there were difficulties in determining the principal diagnosis, 42.1% of MRAs decided principal diagnosis after discussion with the physician, 26.3% after discussion with fellow MRAs. Conclusion : There were differences in codings among hospitals. To minimize the difference, we suggest the development of disease-specific guidelines for coding in addition to the current general guideline such as KCD-3. To do this, Coding Clinic which can produce guidelines is needed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.125-127
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• 2003

Muscle larvae of Trichinella isolates from two outbreaks in Korea were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and multiple-PCR. All of the muscle larvae showed a band similar to that of T. spiralis larvae of the reference strain. The two Korean Trichinella isolates (isolate code ISS623 and ISS1078) might be classifiable to Trichinella spiralis.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.274-278
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• 2006

An upgraded algorithm that in proves the performance of existing interfacing software for parsing HL7 messages is introduced. It incorporates stack operations on objects to guarantee segment order while parsing messages. This object-oriented design greatly facilitates the complicated process of validating, parsing, and creating HL7 messages in the clinical setting. The new interface engine can manage all HL7 messages corresponding to admission and registration, discharge and transfer, laboratory results, clinical images, and clinical reports. The international version of this engine, currently under development, will be tested in Asian countries using standard character code such as Unicode (ISO 10646).

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2018

The improvement of the social environment and the rapid development of medicine are making possible the age of 100. So a great number of countries including Korea are rapidly becoming the aged society or the super aged society. The elderly are accompanied by discomfort and disability. A variety of systems are developed and distributed to overcome them. The electric wheelchair is an electric motorized system for people who can not manipulate a manual wheelchair. In this paper, we propose an autonomous driving platform for an electric wheelchair. Here we use QR (Quick Response) code for self-localization. We also present real test results of the proposed system.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.156-168
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• 2013

Objectives Although there have been someone who pointed out declining tendency of pure traditional diagnosis, there are no objective survey results on present state of diagnosis among Korean Medicine Doctors (KMDs). So we did a descriptive survey study to show traditional diagnostic modality usage among them. Materials and methods: 73 samples of responded questionnaire in Busan area were collected and descriptively studied. Results (1) U code (in KCD-6) usage showed low level (28.7%). (2) Diagnostic apparatuses for traditional medicine are rarely used. For example, pulse diagnosis machine was reported to be used only by 9.7 % of KMDs. (3) KMDs still prefer the treatment based on pattern identification and symptomatic therapy rather than treatments based on disease identification of modern biomedicine. Conclusion Overall, the portion of pattern identification is still high among KMDs, some kind of diagnostic methods which support pattern identification showed lack of usage.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 2023

Through this paper, all the provisions of the enforcement statutes stipulated in the Joseon's law code were investigated and major medical issues and interests in the Joseon Dynasty were analyzed. The characteristics of each period reviewed in the text are as follows. The early Joseon Dynasty is divided into three periods. First of all, Joseon filled the gap in the law with the active acceptance of the Ming Dynasty's law code, Daemyeongrul, which conformed to Confucian virtue. Next, the completion of Gyeonggukdaejeon was an opportunity to prepare the basis for Joseon's medical laws. Lastly, from the late 15th century to the 16th century, the existing medicine promotion measures and emphasis on hyangyak(domestic herb) continued. it can be said that Joseon's politicians needed a medical policy based on Confucian virtues and maintained state-led promotion policies, but on the other hand, there was no other alternative to try newly by reflecting the limitations and failures of the policy. The late Joseon Dynasty is also divided into three periods. First of all, the period from the late 16th century to the early 18th century was marked by the growth of families in technical positions. The era of King Yeongjo can be said to be the period of reorganization of medical related laws. Finally, the period after the late 18th century is a period of passive regulation and supplementation. Lastly, the revision of the actual medical law was not made or reflected in era of King Jeongjo. In the case of the early Joseon Dynasty, the policy shifted from state-led to families in technical positions. However, in the 19th century, the weakening of the royal authority led to the weakening of the overall administrative system of the country, and the pharmaceutical policy had to be limited.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the frequent diseases among the people who had been treated by collaborative treatment of Korean medicine and Western medicine, and to compare their medical use behaviors before and after the collaborative first-stage pilot project between Korean medicine and Western medicine. Methods : 4,467 patients were identified as the patients who are participated in the collaborative first-stage pilot project between Korean medicine and Western medicine during the period between July 15, 2016 and March 31 2017. We used 28,480 records of Korean national health insurance claim data from January 1 2016 to March 31 2017 to analyzed present condition of cooperative medical usage. Also we conducted a paired t test to compare the percentage of collaborative treatment days before and after the pilot project period. Results : We found that the most frequent diseases treated in the pilot project were the diseases of musculoskeletal and nervous system and then 10 major diseases such as H, K, J, C (D), N, L, E, A, H and F disease codes in order. Also it was confirmed that 14 major and 53 medium diseases are included from more than 90% of total patients. As a result of high frequency of medical treatment in Western medicine or Korean medicine is "administration of Korean medicine", which is same as before and within the pilot project. The ratio of utilizing both Western and Korean medical care for the same disease on the same day by both general patients and patients in KCD-7 disease code group C, G, I, M and S had been increased significantly. Conclusions : The pilot project might change the behavior of utilizing the medical care service by increasing the ratio of collaborative treatment of Western medicine and Korean medicine for the same disease on the same day.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.11-26
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of spinal disease focusing on Korean medical hospital admission patients. Methods The disease code related to spinal disease was selected based on the contents of development of clinical quality indicators for spinal disease. The assessment analysis of feasibility was conducted through medical history analysis that targets spinal disease patients, current development of clinical quality indicators for spinal disease, and relevant literature. Results The indicator items of structure, process, and results were classified and selected, and so were the detailed indicator entries. After that, the appropriate reference value was chosen. The final selected quality indicators were 3 items from structure, 9 items from process, 4 items from results, including 3 monitoring items, total 16 items was chosen. Conclusions Clinical research for the adequacy assessment should be conducted and the index entry and indicators should be reassessed through an expert group discussion. Training for the evaluation indicators and association with relevant society will motivate hospitals to voluntarily improve their quality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.211-222
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• 1974

The survey was carried out on 1,031 primary school children for about 1 month, from June 1, to June 30, 1974, for the purose of understanding indirectly scio-medical status of a remote rural area, reflecting health status of primary school children. The summarized results were as follows: 1) The average age of surveyed children according to school year by sex was older in girls than in boys. The entrance in school at suitable age was peaked as 80.9% in boys of 5th school year and 72.4% in girls of 3rd school year, and also sunk 68.8% in boys of 2nd school year and 58.7% in girls of 1st school year. 2) Prevalence rate according to W.H.O. diseases classification during last a month and a year. a) During last month: The diseases of respiratory system remarked the highest 101.1 in boys and 116.6 in girls. The next were diseases of digestive system (24.2 in boys and 32.1 in girls), The girls were higher than boys in prevalence rate. b) During last year: The diseases of diegestive system ranked the highest 133.0 in boys and next, the diseases of respiratory system (108.6 in boys). c) Present illness: Number of code III ranked the highest 129.2 and next XII(127.3) in boys but inverted in girls such as XII(144.9) and III(116.7) and also, Number of code XVII was prevalenced twice in boys than in girls. d) Chief complaints by sex: Abdominal pain ranked the highest 71.2 per 1,000 population and next headache (34.7) in boys but headache ranked the heighest 88.5 and next abdominal pain (63.3) in girls. e) Water drinking habit: Number of code IX was higher in habit of raw water drinker than in habit of boiled water drinker and healthy children were higher in boiled water habit group than in raw water habit group. The diseases of respiratory system were the highest 124.74 in girls and next, the diseases of digestive system (52.3 in girls). According to school year, healthy children were increased to higher grades. 3) Average sick day per total surveyed children and patient during last month and last year. a) Per surveyed 1,031 children was 0.28 days during last month and 0.98 days during last year. And also per patient was 1.78 days during last month and 3.22 days during last year. b) Average sick day was higher in girls than in boys during last month, but inverted during last year. 4) Average absented day per total surveyed children and patient during last month and last year. a) Per surveyed 1,031 children were 0.43 days during last month and 3.81 days during last year (omitted 1st school year). b) Per absented children were 2.0 days during last month and 7.10 days during last year. c) Per absented children were 8.16 days in boys and 3.17 days in girls. 5) Utilization of medical facilities: The drug-store was consulted 91.2% of the total utilized boys and girls. The strengthening of medical facilities and medical care activities in health subcenter is urgently required 6) Medical Expenses by period and sex: a) Average medical expenses per surveyed 1,031 children were 35.95 won, per patient were 298.04 won during last month. b) Average medical expenses per survey children (omitted 1st school year) were 80.56 won, per patient were 243.98 won and per treated patient were 318.87 won during last year. c) Medical expenses were higher in boys than in girls. 7) Rohrer index by sex, present illness and school year. a) Average Rohrer index was 129.8 in boys and 126.2 in girls. b) Average Rohrer index was increased for 1st school year to 2nd school year and thereafter falling down step by step by school year. c) Under 151-160 Rohrer index number of code III was the highest and above 151-160 Rohrer index of code XII was peaked.