• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.636-640
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• 2007

In order to investigate the major metabolite patterns of aged Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer roots, the ginsenoside contents for white ginseng roots of various ages were compared. The 1-year to 6-year old roots were extracted with methanol, and then the methanol-soluble metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The metabolite contents of the 1-year and 2-year roots, including the ginsenosides and minor components, were not different, but the $Rg_1$, Re, and Rc ginsenoside contents between the 2-year and 3-year roots showed significant differences. $Rg_1$ and Rc increased significantly in the 1-year to 2-year roots, and Re increased significantly from the 3-year root age. Rd increased slightly until the 2-year age and decreased from the 3-year age. Based on the ginsenoside distributions and contents at various root ages, we have suggested 2 biogenesis schemes using the ginsenosides that have been isolated from the roots of P. ginseng so far.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Objectives : In this report, we were studied the current status and future about cultivation of medicinal plants in Japan. Methods : To analysis the management and production of medicinal crops in Japan, variation of importation and cultivation of four medicinal crops such as Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, Cnidium officinale Makino, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino within 22 years ($1981{\sim}2002$) were investigated. Also we analyzed the herbal drug market in Japan using literature. Results : In the results, cultivated area and amount of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas reduced more than 50% within 22 years ($1981{\sim}2002$). Production decrease of medicinal crops is alloting through contract production in China. The cultivation of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino is enforcing minimum procluction for seed security. Conclusion : We hope that this report stimulates research to investigate for the establishment of cultural practices in Korea.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Background: Cyanazine is used as a pre-emergent herbicide once during the growing season to control weeds of many upland crops worldwide. This study aimed to establish a method to determined cyanazine residue levels in major medicinal crops by using high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection/mass spectometry (HPLC-UVD/MS). Methods and Results: Cyanazine residue was extracted with acetone from the raw products of four representative medicinal plants - Scutellaria baicalensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Platycodon grandiflorum and Angelica gigas. The extract was diluted with a large volume of saline water and directly partitioned into dichloromethane to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. It was then purifined using optimized Florisil column chromatography. HPLC analysis conducted using an octadecylsilyl column allowed the successful separation of cyanazine from co-extractives of the samples, and the amount was sensitively quantified by ultraviolet absorption at 225 nm with no interference. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were validated by conducting recovery experiments on each medicinal crop sample fortified with cyanazine at two concentration levels per crop in triplicate. Conclusions: The mean recoveries ranged from 91.2% to 105.3% for the four representative medicinal crops. The coefficients of variation were less than 10%, irrespective of the sample types and fortification levels. The limit of quantification of cyanazine was 0.02 mg/kg as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory method was performed by liquid chromatography/MS using selected-ion monitoring technique to clearly identify the suspected residue.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.425-428
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• 2004

ISSR마크를 사용하여 고려 인삼의 품종 및 계통간 분자적 인증과 유전적 다형현상을 조사하였다. 56개의 ISSR 프라이머 중 5개가 일곱 품종 및 계통간 명확하고 재현성이 높은 DNA분절을 나타내는 최적 프라이머로 선택되었다. 전체 43밴드는 250 bp - 1,700 bp의 분자량을 가지며 프라이머당 8.6개의 밴드를 나타내었다. 고려 인삼에서 다형현상 정도는 20.9%였다. 특히 천풍 품종이 가장 높은 다형현상을 나타낸 반면 다른 품종은 거의 다형현상을 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로 DNA수준에서 ISSR마크로 천풍이 다른 고려 인삼의 품종 및 계통인 연풍, 황숙종, 자경종과 구분에 이용될 수 있음이 판명되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

200종의 식물추출물을 대상으로 PEP 저해활성을 측정한 결과, 81종의 식물추출물은 $10{\sim}30%$ 범위의 저해율을, 28종의 식물추출물은 10%이하의 저해율을 나타내어 총 200종의 식물추출물 중 약 55% 정도의 식물추출물이 30%이하의 낮은 PEP 저해활성을 나타내었다. 반면에, Prunus mume (매화나무) 잎 (95.3%), 노루발과 (Pyrolaceae)의 Pyrola japonica (노루발) 잎과 줄기 (93.2%), 물레나물과 (Hypericaseae)의 Hypericum ascyron (물레나물) 지상부 (90.2%), 범의귀과(Saxifragaceae)의 Astilbe chinensis var. typica (노루오줌) 지상부 (90.1%), 보리수나무과 (Elaeagnaceae)의 Elaeagnus umbellata (보리수나무) 잎과 줄기 (90.1%)등 5종의 추출물들이 5 ppm에서 PEP에 대하여 90% 이상의 강한 저해활성을 나타내었다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2020

Purpose::This study aims to analyze the management performance and production efficiency of medicinal crop farmers. Methods: We conducted an empirical survey of medicinal crop farmers and analyzed production efficiency using DEA method. Results: First, The crops that increased the number of farms during 2010 and 2018 were Angelica tenuissima and Salvia miltiorrhiza, which was attributed to higher income per hour than other crops. Second, As for the efficiency of Liriope platyphylla, the average was 0.376, and the coefficient of variation was the lowest, 0.566. Third, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Atractylodes japonica had the highest technical efficiency after Liriope platyphylla, but the variation coefficient was high and the efficiency was relatively high. Fourth, As a result of performing variance analysis to find out the difference of each crops on the value of medicinal crop efficiency, the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency were all statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the results above, following policy suggestions are offered. First, It is necessary to provide information on crops with high income compared to the input of labor, and to develop labor-saving cultivation technologies for each crop. Second, A stable labor supply system will be needed in rural areas. Third, Efforts should be made to close the technological gap between farmers through a lot of education and consulting for farmers who grow medicinal crops.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 1998

의성지역의 약용작물 생산현황(生産現況) 및 경영분석(經營分析)을 위하여 약용작물 재배 농가 147호를 대상으로 재배실태와 작물별 소득(所得)을 조사(調査)한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 특화계수(特化計數)가 1이상인 작물은 작약(21.59), 산수유(14.82), 시호(7.90), 지모(6.41), 지황(3.96), 두충(3.44), 목단(2.28), 백지(1.51)순으로 나타났다. 2. 조사농가의 평균 토지이용면적(土地利用面積)은 1.92ha이었는데, 그중 밭이 1.35ha. 논은 0.56ha이었다. 농지분포(農地分布)는 농가당 평균 3.1곳에 10.2필지로 구성되어 있으며, 약용작물부문에 년간 노동투하(勞動投下)는 31.1%를 차지하였다. 3. 조사대상 지역에 재배되고 있는 약용작물은 36개 작물로 농가당 평균 2.4작물이었다. 대표적인 작물은 작약이었는데, 조사농가 147호 가운데 85농가가 참여하여 30.72ha를 재배하고 있었다. 4. 약용작물 재배실태를 보면, 작약, 시호, 택사, 길경, 황기, 감국 등은 재배면적이 줄어드는 추세(趨勢)이고 홍화는 새로운 소득작물(所得作物)로 재배되고 있으며, 더덕, 지모, 지황, 원황정, 백출 등은 재배 면적이 늘어났다. 5. 36개 약용작물중 10a당 평균소득이 높은 작물은 홍화(2,775천원), 원황정 (2,706천원), 일천궁(2,573천원) 등의 순이었으나 재배농가에서는 농가여건에 부응하면서 위험부담이 적고 가격안정(價格安定)이 기대되는 작물을 선택하여 농가 수준에서 부가가치(附加漂値)를 최대한 증대(增大)시켜야 할 것으로 생각되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.139-161
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to classify the cultivation status of medicinal crop farmers and to obtain basic data on domestic medicinal crops. To this end, 406 medicinal crop farmers participating in farming education programs in 14 cities and counties were surveyed over 10 months. The results were as follows. First, the biggest difficulty farmers faced in the overall production of medicinal crops was a lack of cultivation skills. Second, in a detailed inquiry about each difficulty item, the most difficult problems were injury by continuous cropping of root-using crops, shortage of specific farm machinery, uncertain market prices, and lack of knowledge about pest control or the positive list system (PLS). Third, the profitability of medicinal crops increased with career experience. Among the farmers who earned profits, requests for education and technical guidance were the most important factors for profitability. Fourth, the results of the analysis suggest that to achieve stable cultivation of medicinal crops, the following items need to be addressed: development and supply of basic cultivation technologies, climate response, registration of pest control pesticides, a solution to the injury by continuous cropping, and contracting cultivation expansion. Additionally, to improve profitability, it is necessary to create conditions that enable the same crops to grow for a long time in one region.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

In order to obtain the optimum application time of liquid pig manure (LPM) for growth and nutrient contents of green manure crops (GMCs), the growth and nutrient characteristics of GMCs were evaluated under different application times of LPM in pot experiment. GMCs were sown in Sept. 1, 2012. LPM was treated in soil surface at 15 days before sowing (15DBS), at 0 days after sowing (ASD) and at 25 days after sowing (25DAS). At 60 days after seeding, plant heights of barley and hairy vetch were higher in 15DBS treatment than those in other treatments. Biomass of barley was higher in the order of 15DBS (50.2g plant^-1) > ASD (49.8g plant^-1) > 25DAS (48.5g plant^-1) > control treatment (37.5g plant^-1). Biomass of hairy vetch in 15DBS treatment was higher than that in other treatments. Nutrient contents of barley and hairy vetch were not different regardless of LPM application times. On the other hand, the amounts of nutrients uptake in 15DBS treatment were higher than those in other treatments. Therefore, in considering growth status and nutrient contributions of GMC, the optimum application time of LPM was 15DBS.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2019

Background: Cnidium officinale Makino and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. are important medicinal crops in Korea. However, there is insufficient information on the identification of thrips, which attack these plants. Until now, one species of thrips has been recorded as a main pest. Methods and Results: To identify the thrips emerging in C. officinale Makino and L. chuanxiong Hort., these plants were independently cultivated in two local areas. Thirty individuals of each plant species were selected randomly and surveyed for the presence of thrips. After confirming the existence of thrips, 100 thrips individuals were collected from each crop using the beating method. To identify thrips species, we performed PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based analysis using ITS2 primer sets. Six thrips species were identified: western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), flower thrips (F. intonsa), onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), chrysanthemum thrips (T. nigropilosus), chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), and grass thrips (Anaphothrips obscurus). The proportion of these species differed between the host plant species. Conclusions: Six thrips species were major pests of two medicinal crops. Integrated pest management is required to control these thrips species, and will enhance the yield and quality of C. officinale and L. chuanxiong.