• BMB Reports
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2001

Antioxidant enzymes, scavengers of the reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI), are involved in numerous defense systems in cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the hot-water extracts of two medicinally potent mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus) on the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes in vitro and in vivo. The mushroom extracts stimulated the catalase activity in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, whereas the other antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) were unaffected by the extracts. The catalytic activity of catalase in the liver and brain was significantly increased after the oral treatment of the mushroom extracts (2.5 g/kg) to ICR mice for 2 months. Western blot analysis of the liver and brain tissues revealed that the expression level of catalase in the mice, treated with both mushroom extracts, was significantly increased compared to that of the control mice. However, the level of the SOD expression in the mice treated with the natural product extracts was unchanged under the same experimental conditions. Although the mechanisms for the stimulatory effect of the catalase expression by these extracts remains unclear, these results suggest that the ingredients of the Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus extracts act as an activator of catalase, and regulate the expression of catalase at the translational or transcriptional level.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

목적 : 작업치료사로서의 보편적으로 경험한 갈등의 의미를 밝히고, 현상에 대한 질적인 정보를 제공하여 임상치료사들을 위한 직무발전방안에 기여하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구에서는 Parse의 인간되어감 연구방법을 사용하여 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 연구 참여자는 연구목적을 이해하고 연구자와의 대화를 통해 자신의 체험을 진솔하게 구술할 수 있는 임상작업 치료사 8명으로 선정하였다. 대화 기간은 2012년 1월부터 2월 까지였으며, 시간은 근무 후 약 30~40분씩, 참여자마다 3회 이상 실시하였다. 결과 : 작업치료사로서의 갈등 체험은 작업치료의 정체성 혼란과 인식 부족을 느끼고, 열악한 근무 환경과 사회생활에서 오는 심적 갈등, 급여 문제로 걱정하지만, 치료에 대한 고민과 노력들로 미래를 희망하는 체험 과정이었다. 그러나 외적, 내적 갈등으로 불안한 현실 속에서도 학문에 대한 자기 개발과 성장을 경험하면서 긍정적인 미래를 향해 발전하며 극복해나가고 있었다. 결론 : 치료사들이 내적 외적인 갈등에서 벗어나, 작업치료의 정체성 확립과 치료에 대한 만족 및 치료의 질을 높일 수 있도록 지속적인 물리적 사회적 환경 개선이 필요하다.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2017

목적 : 본 연구는 국내 작업치료사들의 작업기반 중재에 대한 인식도와 실행현황을 알아보고 이를 작업기반 중재 관련 기초자료로 사용하고자 시행하였다. 연구방법 : 국내 임상작업치료사 300명을 편의 표집하여 구조화된 293부의 설문지를 배포하였고 응답한 288부의 설문지를 분석하였다. 결과 : 작업기반 중재에 대한 인식도는 평균 5.7점으로 남자가 여자보다, 연령과 임상경력이 많을수록 인식도가 높았으나 성별을 제외하고는 유의하지 않았다. 작업기반 중재를 접하게 된 계기는 전공수업, 논문 및 세미나, 동료의 소개 및 기타 등이었으며 연령과 학력, 기관소재지, 임상경력에 따라 관련성에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 작업기반 중재를 임상에서 사용한다고 응답한 인원은 152명(52.8%)으로 사용하지 않는 경우보다 많았다. 사용여부는 근무지를 제외하고 성별, 연령, 임상경력, 학력에 따른 관련성의 차이가 모두 유의미하지 않았다. 작업치료 전체 과정 중 상담, 중재, 목표설정, 평가와 문서화 순으로 작업기반 중재를 사용하는 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 작업기반 중재를 사용하는 목적은 클라이언트의 삶에서 의미있는 작업을 찾기, 클라이언트의 가정이나 지역사회활동에 참여를 촉진, 클라이언트 기능회복을 위한 치료 등의 순으로 나타났다. 작업기반 작업치료를 시행하는 동안 어려움을 느꼈던 부분은 클라이언트 및 보호자의 작업에 대한 이해 부족이 가장 많았고 작업치료실 환경의 제약 및 도구의 부족, 관련 지식 및 활용방법 이해의 부족, 치료 준비 시간 부족, 치료비/보험 수가 적용의 어려움 등의 순으로 높은 응답을 보였다. 결론 : 작업기반 중재의 인식도와 실행 정도는 중간 수준으로 나타났으며 교육수준 및 치료환경과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 작업기반 중재를 현재보다 활성화하기 위한 교육의 시행과 임상 환경의 조성을 위해 제도적, 학술적 논의와 지원이 선행되어야 할 것이다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2016

본 연구는 뿌리부추를 시설하우스에서 재배할 경우 여름철 고온기 하고현상(Summer depression)을 방지하기 위하여 차광막을 하우스 내부 또는 외부에 설치하여 차광정도를 달리하면서 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2015년 하우스 내부에 무차광, 35, 55, 75, 95% 차광막을 설치하여 정식 후 20일째 되는 날에 최종 출현 정도를 조사한 결과, 무처리, 35 및 75% 차광에서 98% 출현하였고, 55 및 95% 차광에서 100% 출현하였다. 차광 정도와는 상관없이 모든 처리에서 최종 출현은 양호하였다. 하우스 내외부에 차광막을 설치했을 경우, 2년간 평균 생중량(Fresh weight)은 75% 차광에서 6,323kg/10a으로, 무차광, 35%, 55%, 95% 차광보다 각각 5.0배, 1.8배, 1.1배, 1.7배 높았다. 하우스 외부에 차광막을 설치할 경우 생중량은 75% 차광에서 684g으로, 55%, 95% 차광보다 1.1배, 1.8배 높았다. 건중량(Dry weight), 건물율(Percentage of dry matter), 엽수(No. of leaves), 분얼수(No. of branches), 초장(Plant height), 근장(Root length) 등 분석결과 75% 차광이 다른 차광 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높거나 절대적 수치가 높게 측정되어 중부지역에서 뿌리부추를 재배 할 경우에는 75% 차광이 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.60-75
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• 1998

The parents have much expectation upon the pregnancy and child birth, and in most cases, they expect the healthy parturient child. However, we can be placed on the high-risk conditions which have the physical, social and immature infant, due to the unexpected results, among the new-born. Accordingly, these high-risk newborn and premature infants will be mostly in NICU, which the concentrated medical treatment can be given, upon their conditions. After their birth and during these periods, they will be divided from the parents, and the nurse will accomplish the bringing-up activities which they can take care of the infant, expected by the parents after their birth. The hospitalization of high-risk newborn including these premature infants is the shocking experience to the parents of family, and thus they can feel the fear and uneasiness, and these reactions of parents are troubled in the behavior at the usual days, and cause the disorder and spiritless status, and these results break the supporting ability of parents, and cause the obstruction. Also, the unavoidable division between the parents and the children as like hospitalization of children can make the parents to feel the alienation emotionally, and this causes the results which the pride on the bringing-up ability of baby gets to be lost. These problems can cause the difficulties on the bonding or the parenting in the further days, and can be related to the neglect and abuse of children. Also, it is gradually increased to study and report which the emotional division by the physical division between the mother and the baby obstructs the normal affection course between the parent and the infant. The stress caused by the birth and the hospitalization of high-risk newborn, as like this, is important in the points which it can uncertainly affect the potential energy for the relationship of parent-child who are finally healthy. Accordingly, the significance and purpose of this study are to understand the contents and degree of stress which the parents of high-risk newborn including the immature child can be experienced from the hospitalization of ICU for their new borns, and thus to offer the basic program to the nursing intervention program for these. The subject of this study is the mother of newborn in NICU of 10 General Hospitals located at the 3one of Pusan, Korea from September 1997 to October 1997, and thus makes the subject of 95 person of parents who agreed to take part in the study and it is descriptive study related to the stress of mother having the newborn in NICU. The method is based on the preceding study related to the stress of mother having the experience of child hospitalization and chronic disease child, and then acquires the advice of specialists group as like 5 nursing professors, and then is amended and supplemented. Total number of questions is 43 items and consists of 5 factors as like medical treatment &nursing procedures, disease status & prognosis, role of parents, communication & inter-personal relationships, hospital environment, and is 5 point Likert Scale. The reliability of this study method is very highly shown to be Cronbach α=0.95. The collected data is analysed as Average, Frequency, Standard Deviation, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Duncan multifulrange test by use of SPSS /PC (V7.5). The results of this study is summarized as under. 1. Every characteristics of subject is which the party of mother is 28.70age(±7.48) in the average ages, 51% in the high-school graduate, 38.5% in the christianity, total monthly income is 212.55 thousand won(±1.971), 74.5% in the housewife, 72.9% in the parents and children together living and the number of children to be 1.48person(± 0.6) in average, the recognition on the prognosis of baby is 74.0% in 'Don't know', the relationship with the husband after the hospitalization of babyis 37.3% in 'More Intimate', the relationship with the family of husband to be 48% in 'No-change', and the degree which is consulted with the husband about the baby is 55% in 'very frequently' and the visiting number per week is 4.59(±1.63) in average and the accompanying person in the time of visiting is which the number of husband is 56.3% and thus is the highest. The characteristics of baby is which the age is 21.88days(±16.47) after the birth in average, the sex to be 50 person in the female 52.1% and the order of birth to be 54.2% in the first chid, and the weight in the birth to be 2770gm(±610) and the height in the birth to be 46.26cm(±7.62) in aver age. The medical diagnosis is 37.5% in the premature infant, the career of hospitalization is 96.9% in 'None', and the operation plan is 90.6% in 'None' and the execution of operation is 88% in 'None' and the nursing of incubator is 55.2% in 'Yes', and the method of feeding is 50.5% in 'Oral' and the contents of feeding is 46.9% in the 'Milk'. 2. The total stress degree of subject is almost highly shown to be as 3.36(±0.86). If it is compared upon each cause, 'stress on disease status & prognosis' is highest 3.79(±1.28), and it is in the order of 'stress on medical treatment & nursing procedures' 3.70(±0.93), 'stress on hospital environment' 3.14(±0.86), 'stress on role of parents' 3.18(±0.92) and 'stress on communication & inter personal relationship' 2.62(± 0.77) 3. As the results of checking the notworthiness of stress degree upon each variable of subject, the variable showing the noted difference was the birth weight(γ=-0.16, P=0.04), birth height(γ=-0.23, P=0.03), nursing in the incubator(F=8.93, P=0.04), feed method(F=2.94, P=0.04). That is to say, it is shown which the smaller the birth weight is, the higher the stress degree of mother is noteworthily. Also, the smaller the birth height baby is, the higher the stress of mother is. In the incubator, it os shown which the mother whose baby is nursing in the incubator is higher in the stress degree than other mothers. Upon the feeding method of baby, that is to say, TPNis the highest, and it is shown in the order of NPO, Tube feeding, and P.O. feeding. When we review the above-mentioned results, as the status is serious, it is thought which we include the supporting nursing for coping with the stress of parents in the setting-up od nursing plan for the baby in the NICU.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 2008

목적: RSV 호흡기 바이러스 감염은 해마다 영유아에서 심한 호흡기 질환의 중요한 원인이 되고 있다. 이에 따라 최근 검사 방법이 간편하고 결과를 빨리 알 수 있는 면역 크로마토그래피법이 신속 항원 검사법으로서 소개되어 그 정확성과 임상에서의 유용성이 많이 연구되고 있으나 국내에서는 연구례가 드문 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 이 검사법의 정확성과 유용성을 평가하여 실질적인 검사법으로 정착시키고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 4월부터 2008년 3월까지 발열, 기침, 천명, 호흡곤란, 빈호흡 등의 증상으로 외래 내원 및 입원치료를 받은 112명의 환아를 대상으로 비인두 가검물을 채취하여 RSV Respi-Strip과 효소 면역 측정법, RT-PCR(ASTEC)을 동시에 시행하였다. RT-PCR을 표준으로 하여 RespiStrip 과 EIA의 결과를 비교 분석하여 정확성과 유용성을 평가하였다. 결 과: RSV RespiStrip, RT-PCR, EIA에 양성을 보인 환아는 각각 42명, 45명, 39명 이었다. RespiStrip는 RT-PCR 검사법에 대하여 민감도 88%, 특이도 94%, 양성 예측도 90%, 음성 예측도는 92% 였으며 위양성률과 위음성률 그리고 일치도가 각각 5.9%, 11%, 83% 로 나왔다. EIA는 RT-PCR 검사법에 대하여 민감도 84%, 특이도 94%, 양성 예측도 90%, 음성 예측도 90%, 일치도 79% 로 나왔다. 결론: 신속 항원 검사가 비교적 민감도가 높으므로 RSV 감염의 선별 검사로서 적합하다고 생각한다. 외래 진료실에서 빠르고 경제적이며 간편하게 검사하여 조기에 적절한 치료를 함으로써 합병증을 예방할 수 있고 아울러 불필요한 항생제의 사용을 줄일 수 있다. 앞으로 이러한 신속검사가 실제 임상에서 많이 적용되리라 기대된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2004

This simulation study investigated the characteristics of normal gait, $30^{\circ}$ crouch gait, $30^{\circ}$ crouch/equinus gait, $45^{\circ}$ crouch gait, $45^{\circ}$ crouch/equinus gait. The knee flexion angles were restricted using a specially designed orthosis. This study was carried out in a motion analysis laboratory of the National Rehabilitation Center. Fifteen healthy male subjects were recruited for the study. The purposes of this study were (1) to compare spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics, and kinetic variables in the sagittal plane among the different gait, (2) to investigate the secondary compensatory strategy, and (3) to suggest biomechanical physical therapy treatment methods. The pattern and magnitude observed in each condition were similar to those of normal gait, except the peak knee extension moment of the unrestricted ankle motion-crouch gait. However, the speed of the $45^{\circ}$ crouch gait was half that of a normal gait. The ankle joint moment in the crouch/equinus gait showed the double-bump pattern commonly observed in children with spastic cerebral palsy, and there was no significant difference in gait speed as compared with normal gait. The peak ankle plantar-flexor moment and ankle power generated during the terminal stance in the crouch/equinus conditions were reduced as compared with normal and $45^{\circ}$ crouch gaits (p<.05). The crouch/equinus gait at the ankle joint was an effective compensatory mechanism. Since ankle plantarflexion contracture can be exacerbated secondary to the ankle compensatory strategy in the crouch/equinus gait, it is necessary to increase the range of ankle dorsiflexion and the strength of plantarflexion simultaneously to decrease the abnormal biomechanical advantages of the ankle joint.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2012

화석연료로 인한 환경오염 등의 문제를 해결하기 위해서 다양한 원료를 이용하여 바이오 에탄올 생산에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 해조류 중에 홍조류는 agar, carrageenan, porphyran으로 구성되어 있어 산 처리를 통해 바이오에탄올 생산에 유용한 바이오매스로 전환이 가능하다. 본 연구는 홍조류의 가수분해물을 이용하여 바이오에탄올 생산의 최적 조건을 찾으려고 한다. 바이오에탄올 생산하기 위해 전처리 된 우뭇가사리에 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM112를 접종해 발효하였다. 우뭇가사리 가수분해의 최적조건은 1.5% $H_2SO_4$를 $121^{\circ}C$에서 30 min 반응시켰을 때 7.04 g/L의 galactose와 1.94 g/L의 glucose가 생산되었다. 그리고 $CH_3COOH$의 경우 2.0% 농도로 처리하였을 때, galactose 0.75 g/L가 생산되었다. 이와 반대로 도박에서는 $H_2SO_4$1.5%를 처리하였을 때 galactose를 6.38 g/L 생산하였으며, $CH_3COOH$을 처리했을 때 0.368 g/L이 생산되었다. 우뭇가사리에서 에탄올 생산은 1.0% $H_2SO_4$를 $121^{\circ}C$에서 30 min 간 처리하였을때 가장 높았으며, 96 h 배양하였을 때 3.77 g/L의 에탄올을 생산했다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.271-298
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• 1998

During these days of new understanding, western medicine has developed remarkably and a revaluation of traditional medicine has been achieved. This appears to have resulted from the sound criticisms of what western medicine has achieved up to now; excessive subdivisions of clinical medicine, severe toxicity of chemical drugs, lack of understanding about patients complaints which cannot be understood objectively, and etc. It is thought that the role of traditional medicine will be more important in the future than it is now. Someone said that the research methods of traditional medicine depends on the way of experimental science too much. That there was no consideration of a system for traditional medicine and the critic also went so far as to assert that in some cases the characteristics of eastern ideas is to permit irrationalism itself. In view of this thinking, the term traditional medicine seems to have been used somewhat too vaguely. However, traditional medicine is a medical treatment which has existed since before the appearance of modern medicine and it was formed from a traditional culture with a long history. One form of traditional medicine, oriental medicine based upon ancient Chinese medicine, was received in such countries as Korea, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, and Mongolia. Oriental medicine then developed in accordance with its own environment, race, national characteristics, and history. Although there are some simultaneous differences between them, three nations in Eastern Asia; Korea, Japan, and China, have especially similar features in their clinical prescriptions and medical literature. These three nations are trying to understand each others unique traditional medicines through numerous exchanges. Even though many differences in their ways of studying have developed over history exist, recent academic discussions have been made to explore new ways into oriental medicine. Therefore a comparative study of oriental medicine has gradually been thought to be more important. In Korea the formation of a new future-oriented paradigm for oriental medicine is being demanded. The purpose of the new paradigm is to create a new recognition of traditional culture which creates an understanding of oriental medicine to replace the diminished understanding of oriental medicine that was brought about by the self-denial of traditional culture in modem history and cultural collisions between oriental and occidental points of view. Therefore, to make a new paradigm for oriental medicine which is suitable for these days, and fortifies the merit of oriental medicine while compensating its defects, the author has compared the characteristics of oriental medicines in Korea, Japan, and China. The conclusions of this research are as follows: 1. The fundamental differences of the traditional medicines of these three nations are caused by the differences in the systems of Naekyung and Sanghannon. 2. The pattern-identification of illnesses is generally divided into two categories; the pattern identification of Zang-Fu and the pattern identification of prescription. 3. There are many differences in the definition of terms, such as Yin and Yang, Deficiency and Excess, and etc. 4. Chinese traditional medicine has some new concepts about pattern identification and epidemic febrile disease. 5. Japanese traditional medicine has some characteristics about pattern identification of the whole bodys condition and signs of abdominal palpation. 6. In terms of the effects of herbal drugs, Chinese traditional medicine attaches great importance to the experiential efficacy of the herb, and Japanese traditional medicine is taking a serious view of the effects of experimental medical actions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2002

Objectives : The level of 4-hydroxyproline (4-Hyp) in human urine was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. This method is useful for medical examinations and investigating the radicals induced by physical, chemical, mental stresses. This method is superior to many published several methods in terms of its low cost and ability to analyze many samples. Methods : The urine from workers in a tire manufacturing company (22 male pre- and post-shift workers) and 18 office-workers as controls were analyzed. Data concerning age, the cumulative drinking amount and the cumulative smoking amount was collected with a questionnaire. The optimum applied amount of dansyl-Cl, the optimum reaction temperature and time, the recoveries and the optimum pH of the eluent and buffer were determined.4-Hyp from human urine was derivatized with dansyl-Cl (dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride) after removing the a-amino acid by a treatment with phthalic dicarboxaldehyde (OPA) and cleaned with Bond Elut C18 column. The 4-Hyp derivatives were separated on a reversed phase column by gradient elution with a phosphate buffer (5 mmol, pH 8.0) and acetonitrile, and detected by fluorescence measurements at 340 nm (excitation) and 538 nm (emission). Results : The detection limit for the urinary free 4-Hyp was $0.364{\mu}mol/l$. The recovery rate of 4-Hyp was 99.7%, and the effective pH of the phosphate buffer and borate buffer were 3.0 and 8.0, respectively. From statistical analysis, age, drinking and smoking did not affect the urinary free 4-Hyp in both the controls and workers. The range of urinary 4-Hyp in the controls, pre-shift, and post-shift workers were 0.33-16.44, N.D-49.06, and $0.32-56.27{\mu}mol/l$. From the pared-sample t-test, the urinary 4-Hyp levels in post-shift workers ($11.82{\pm}6.73\;nmmol/mg\;Cre$) were 2-fold higher than in pre-shift workers ($5.36{\pm}5.53\;nmol;/mg\;Cre$) and controls ($4.91{\pm}4.89\;nmol;/mg\;Cre$). Conclusions : This method was developed with high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The present method was effectively applied to analyze the urinary free 4-Hyp in both controls and workers.