• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.313-319
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to confirm the double of optic foramen in Korean and apply it to the Rhese method. First, the angle between the right optic foramen and the MSP was measured on the axial image using MPR technique of the 3D CT. Second, we measured the angle between the right optic foramen and OML in sagittal of MPR images. As a result, the angle between the optic foramen and the MSP was $39.9{\pm}4.63^{\circ}$ on average, which was different from the $53^{\circ}$ presented by Rhese method(p<0.05). The angle between optic foramen and OML was $40.8{\pm}6.6^{\circ}$. In conclusion, this study confirms that the standard of the Rhese method proposed in current textbook is difficult to apply to Koreans. Therefore, it is necessary to study angle of Korean standard in various general x-ray technique.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.01a
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• pp.378-382
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop an expert system supporting the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung disease by high resolution computed tomography. CLIPS(C language integrated production system) with rule-based reasoning was used to develop the system. Development of expert system had three stages knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, and reasoning. Knowledge was obtained and integrated, from tables and figure legends of a representative textbook in the domain of this expert system, High-Resolution CT of the Lung, by Webb WR, Mueller NL, and Naidich DP. The acquired knowledge was analyzed to form a knowledge base. Overlapping knowledge was eliminated, similar pieces of knowledge were combined and professional terms were defined. The most important knowledge of findings was then selected for each disease. After groupings of combined findings were made, disease groups were analyzed sequentially to determine final diagnoses. The system was based upon the input of 69 diseases, 185 findings, 73 conditions, 387 status, and 62 rules. The system was set up to determine the diagnoses of diseases from the combination of findings using forward reasoning. In an empirical trial, the system was applied to support the diagnosis of 40 cases of diffuse interstitial lung diseases. The performance of two doctors with support of the system was compared to that of another two doctors without support of the system. The two doctors with the support of the system made more accurate diagnoses than the doctors without the support of the system. The system is believed to be useful for the diagnosis of rare diseases and for cases with many possible differential diagnoses. In conclusion, an expert system supporting the high resolution computed tomographic diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung disease was developed and the system is thought to be useful for medical practice.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.5-21
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to grasp the consciousness of adolescents about their future in old aged housing. This research was executed with a questionnaire survey method. Data samples were collected from 255 students who finished first grade curriculum in high schools in Chonbuk province and Seoul city. The results were as followed. First, a healthcare plan was very highly recognized by students, and they wanted to live as couples or single in their old age. Second, the respondent students recognized elderly housing as a home for the aged, a silver town and nursing home. 72.1% of the respondents preferred a single detached house as an elderly house form. They preferred an elderly housing district with well provided convenient facilities for daily living. They wanted to live in the country or rest areas for the aged. They preferred an interior space composition with LDK with 2 bedrooms. 52.0% students wanted a neighborhood for their friends to live together. Third, 28.3% of the respondent students thought the appropriate time to move in elderly exclusive housing was 66-70 years old. And when their physical condition worsened or they needed care, they would. want to move into that housing. Also, they wanted the most convenient facility and a medical care facility in elderly exclusive housing. Forth, students' space design needs for elderly were high, more than 4 points. It was especially needed safety in space design, and this grade was 4.56(,53) points. Also the needs of safety and the convenient facilities.equipments were statistically significant by boys and girls.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.9-25
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) that are currently practiced in Korean medicine(韓醫學) and to consider the directions in further research and development. Methods : Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) were selected based on Acupuncture Medicine textbook of College of Korean Medicine and published researches. Then, selected Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) were categorized by characteristics. Also, the selected Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) were comprehensively classified according to new models, Heaven-Earth-Human(天地人) model and Dimensional model. The directions of further research and development in Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) were considered based on this. Results & Conclusions : In the categorization by characteristics, sufficient basic references were unavailable to consider the directions in further research and development. However, comprehensive classification using Heaven-Earth-Human(天地人) model and Dimensional model was able to be used as references for estimating the relative positions of each Method of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法) and also, establishing the directions in further research and development. Regarding the results from comprehensive classification, the studies on Physiology of Four Seasons and Day and night(晝夜) are required. Besides, the acceptance of Western medical contents which include anatomical structures is unavoidable to achieve the development in Methods of Acupuncture Therapies(鍼法). In addition, it is necessary to propose researches founded on an integrated theory of Viscera and Bowels(藏府) and Meridian and Collateral(經絡) which enables to embrace the physiological function of human body. Upon this, the creation of a Four-dimensional Methods of Acupuncture Therapy(鍼法) is also required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 1990

The study reserches the related contents of the health education in the existing gymnastics and the domestics textbook, catches learning-Ulaching contents by the health-control function and compares the contents with the health-education curriculum of the Texas State in America. This study is questioned and reserched the general features of the teachers who is change in the health education, their attitudes about the teaching of it, and the recognition degree about their health education. The results above is like the following. 1. Learning-teaching contents by the health-control function. The domestics and gymnastics which contains the health education contents, is not discripted continually and at the same time is short of the contents in the health-control function according to the students' individual domains. Also the recent serious problems, (that is, Smoking, Drinking and Medical poisoning, Emotion, and Psychic domains) were no mentioned. 1) In gymnastics textbook, the physical domains are mentioned 8, 9 in juinor, and senior class, the affective, psychic domains only senior class and the social domains only 1 grade except junior and senior class. Growth-development function is concentratedly stated only 1 grade in physical domains and there is no stated in. The social domains are referred a little in senior class. In cure-recovery functions, the physical domains is being taught in 2, and 3 grade, but not 1 grade. Specially, the social domains are being taught in all grade, but, the affective domains are not at all 2) In the subject of domestics, the physical domains of the daily life functions are taught in all the years, but the emotional, mental domains are taught a little in 1 and 2 grades. The growth-development functions are being taught about the nutrition-health, in the physical parts of all graries, and the emotional-mental, social domains are being taught some in 7 and 8 grade except 3 grade, he cure-recovery functions ere taught in only 1 grade, the contents of rehabilitative functions are not being taught like gymnastics. 2. The general characteristics of the health-education teachers and the health-education. In the calss field, the average age of gymnastics-teachers is from 35 to 40 years old, and it of domestics teachers is from 24 to 29 years old. 1) In the class-hours a week, the gymnastics teachers take lessons 3 hours (75.6%) and the domestics teachers 4 hours (65.6%). In "the health-lessons hours alloted"in a semister, 3 or 4 hours is 38.7% and no hours is 18.0% in gymnastics teachers. On the other hand, there is no hours to teach the health-education in domestics teachers. About the opinion: the health subject must be taught as a independent subject, 42.9% of the gymnastics teachers agreed and 45.3 % of the domestics teachers did. 2) The factors which have an influence upon the health-teachers #. In age, the class lesson hours of a week(r= .0014), the confident manner about the lessons(r= .0485) and the necessity of the lessons (r= .0316) are closely related one another. #. In sexes, the lesson hours a class(r= .0000), the alloted hours of health lesson a semister(r= .0000) the confident manner about the class(r= .0001). the quantity of lesson(r= .0001): and, the teacher's belief(r= .0264) are co-related one another. #. In subject in change. the class hours a week(r= .0000), the alloted hours of health-lesson a semister(r= .0000) the quantity of the lesson(r= .0114) are co-related each other. #. In majority, the class lesson hours a week(r= .0000) the alloted hours of health lesson a semister(r= .0000) the quantity of the lesson are co-related each other. The quantity of lesson and the confidence about the lesson (r= .3223) and the quantity of lesson and the interest of lesson (r= .2450) are co-related each other.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 2003

In Korean traditional medicine, there are 4 major diagnoses. They are 'Mang (Watching)', 'Mun (Listening)', 'Mun (Asking)', and 'Jeul (Touching)'. These ways are closely related to each other. Among the four, 'Jeul' is the most famous one because it is the final way of checking the pulse for the cure. Pulse checking has been used as an essential way of diagnosis, but there are some difficulties in doing so in the business matter. To overcome these problems the theories should be studied profoundly and heterogeneously. More importantly, these endeavors must be pursued on the basis that pulse-checking must be. done along with other diagnostic ways to diagnose more precisely and practically. Therefore, I want to study and analyze the pragmatic ways to help the business field. Wang Suk-Hua(王叔和) arranged the methods and theories of 'pulse-checking' that was used before Nea-kyung. The book is called Maek-kyung. But this is too complicated to use in the field. As a result Maek-kyul(脈訣) which is made of songs that help to memorize and practice was gain more popularity than the ${\lceil}$Maekkyung(脈經)${\rfloor}$ itself. But the songs are so simple and compact that the offsprings annotated this book again and made books consist of these annotations. Among these books ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$(1349) which was written in Won(元) dynasty was imported to Cho-sun(Korea) and used as the most important book on pulse-checking. So I will study ${\lceil}$Maekkyul(脈訣)${\rfloor}$ which contains the essence of ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$. And I will also study ${\lceil}$Dojumaekkyul(圖註脈訣)${\rfloor}$ and ${\lceil}$Maekkyulyouhae(脈結乳解)${\rfloor}$ as conference. The former, written by Jang-sae-hyun(張世賢), contains narrative paintings and prescriptions according to pulses. And the latter, written by Wang Bang-bu(王邦傅), contains criticism of earlies annotations along with his own theory. ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$ was chosen as a text book of medical examination according to ${\lceil}$Kyungkukdaejun(經國大典)${\rfloor}$ and had been used during Cho-sun, dynasty after closely corrected by Heo Jun(許浚). It means, during Cho-sun Dynasty, everyone who wants to become doctor had studied pulse-checking through this book, and also means Cho-sun medicine emphasizes practicality. This book and the pulse-checking part of ${\lceil}$Dongeibogam(東醫寶鑑)${\rfloor}$, which published later, made the main frame of pulse-checking during Cho'sun Dynasty. As above, studing ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$ which was major textbook of pulse-checking in Cho-sun, helps to study pulse checking itself as an important way of diagnosis in Korean traditional medicine. And more than that it helps us to understand. the. practical development of pulse-checking dyring Cho-sun dynasty. With these reasons I studied ${\lceil}$Chandobangronmaekkyulgipsung(纂圖方論脈訣集成)${\rfloor}$ conferring ${\lceil}$Dojumaekkyul(圖註脈訣)${\rfloor}$ and ${\lceil}$Maekkyulyouhae(脈結乳解)${\rfloor}$ to understand ${\lceil}$Maekyung(脈經)${\rfloor}$ which is practical book of pulse-checking. During so I got some achievements and I report it as. follows.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.416-512
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• 1998

The following conclusions are obtained from the studies on the chapters concerning phisiology, pathology, daily conduct, materia medica, pulse, and urinalysis from , of the "Four Tantras". 1. The theoretical basis forming the Tibetan Medicine is the substance of phlegm, bile, and wind each of which is divided into five kinds. These phisiological substances can be transformed into pathological factors when certain environment is formed. 2. In embryology, the semen of the father and menstral blood of mother is considered the most important condition in conception, and the Five factors are regarded as important. There is a detailed explanation of development of the fetus while it stays in the womb of mother during 38weeks, such as the formation of the viscera, channels, sense organs, etc. 3. There is metaphor which compares the human body with the king's palace. With the development of human anatomy, there is the detailed anatomical picture of anterior and posterior aspects of human body. And also there is the measurement of physiological constitution and the three fluids. 4. In division of the channels, they concerned the now of the blood and distribution of the nerve fibers, and each channel is connected with one another. The division of the cannel is namely embryonic channel, channel of existence, channel of connection, and the course of life principle. 5. The seven bodily constituents and three factors of phlegm, bile, and wind are important in sustaining the life of human body as well as growth and maturization, and when their equilibrium is broken, the human body is degnerated, and finally death comes. 6. The signs of death is divided into distant sign, remote sign, certain sign. and uncertain sign, and is used as a clue in diagnosis of the disease. Especially there is a mention about the mechanism of the dreams, and different dreams according to the condition of the patient. 7. In pathology, there is the cause of the disease, the environmental factors which can induce disease, the path by which disease come into the human body, the characteristics of the disease, and the kinds of disease. 8. There is a mention about the conduct, and it is divided into the daily conduct, the mental attitude, and the side-effects which can occur when one puts up with the physiological actions of the body. 9. The daily diet is divided into food and beverage. The food is divided again into grain, meat, fat, boiled food, and spiced food, and the beverage into milk, water, and wine. 10. The pulsation should be taken in lift hand to diagnose heart, small intestine, stomach, spleen, kidney, reproductive organ, and in right hand jungs, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, kidney, and bladder. In the healthy person, the pulse moves 5times in one perspiration, and the type of pulse is constant while the pulse moves 100times. But unhealthy person's pulse is different from this. The urinalysis is the unique part of Tibetan Medicine, and is important in examination of the disease. One should decide which of the three factors are dominant by the obervation of the color, amount of the steam and how long it lasts, odour, foam, and the shape of the swirl in three different states when the urine is hot, warm, and cold. One can determine the life of the patient and which viscera is the cause of the disease by the pulse, and whether the nature of the disease is hot or cold by the urinalysis. 11. The materia medica contains gemstones, minerals, plateau medication, and meat products.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the material in middle school and high school textbooks covering child care and children's health for medically inaccurate content and to make sure that the correct information is given to students. Methods : We have examined 47 kinds of textbooks on the subjects 'Home economics' and 'Technology and home economics' published in 2007 to find out how much importance is placed on children's health and childcare and to search for incorrect definitions, inaccurate facts or insufficient explanations. We have also analyzed the credentials of the writers of these textbooks. Results : Textbooks of middle school cover psychological and physical changes during adolescence and nutrition, and those of high school cover marriage and childcare. These materials covering health made up 27.5%, 11.7% of middle & high school texts. Age definitions of neonate and infant were incorrect. Inaccurate facts were mostly about fontanelles, primitive reflexes, breastfeeding and weaning. There also were wrong informations on the umbilical cord care and developmental milestones during infancy. The childhood immunization schedules and the growth curves were not up to date. Most of the authors major in home economics and the others were school teachers. There was no evidence of any review by a medical society or an expert. Conclusions : When writing about children's health and childcare in textbooks, a board-certified pediatrician or The Korean Pediatric Society should be consulted to provide accurate medical information to middle and high school students.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.659-674
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• 1998

This Study was to investigate elaborated research themes and direction through specifying the problems of clinical practice education and looking for the direction of improvement. It was in the basis of the viewpoint of the educators that professors and therapists who were the subjects of this study. Perform this study, the 15 colleges' professors and the 55 hospitals' therapists was made up questionnaire, and the data was analysing by Chi-square test and percentage. The results were as follow : ${\cdot}$ In a personal history among the general qualities, professors have little clinical practice history(l-5 years, 53.3%), and therapists have little lecture career(1-5 years, 43.6%, have no 49.0%), ${\cdot}$ The 78.6% subjects were unsatisfied of clinical practice systems. ${\cdot}$ The correlation between clinical history, school career and lecture career and the satisfaction level of clinical practice systems has no(P<.005), ${\cdot}$ The subjects were agreed to that clinical practice curriculum should be changed(67.1%), reinforced(82.9%), and specified(90.0%). ${\cdot}$ The clinical practice credits are 11 points averagely. ${\cdot}$ In the clinical practice curriculum, it made no difference in the practicum of diseases, modality, and the therapeutic techniques between professors and therapists. ${\cdot}$ The 100% professors said that the practicum of the patients' assessment is necessary, and the 63.6% therapists were training for that. ${\cdot}$ The 66.7% professors said that the practicum of the clinical psychology is necessary, and only the 20.0% therapists were training for that. ${\cdot}$ The 93.3% professors said that the practicum of the patients' management is necessary, and the 50.9% therapists were training for that. ${\cdot}$ The 66.7% professors said that the practicum of the medical ethics is necessary, and the 34.5% therapists were training for that. ${\cdot}$ The 46.7% professors said that the practicum of the hospital administration is necessary, but the 54.5% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ The 33.3% professors said that the practicum of the pharmacology is necessary, but the 81.8% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ The 86.7% professors said that the practicum of the patient's education is necessary, and the 43.6% therapists have training. ${\cdot}$ The 66.7% professors said that the practicum of the prosthesis and brace is necessary, but the 14.5% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ The 60.0% professors said that the practicum of the exercise prescription is necessary, but the 25.5% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ The 53.5% professors said that the practicum of the emergency treatment is necessary, but the 52.7% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ Drawing up the plan about the curriculum of clinical practice, the professors (46.7%) were agreed to national master plan framing by an expert advisor, but the therapists (58.2%) said that the plan that make the most of hospitals' characteristics should be specified. ${\cdot}$ It was found that a clinical special therapists(54.5%) was good as a person in charge of clinical practice education, in that each therapist's own good time (34.5%) was. ${\cdot}$ It made use of the form framing by college(40.0%) as the clinical practice textbook, the form framing by hospital (42.9%) and each therapist(22.9%) as the plan, and the form framing by college (74.3%) as the measurement. ${\cdot}$ The most difficult point in clinical practice education was the lacks of the theory-praciticum linkage(78.2%). ${\cdot}$ It was found that the period of clinical practice was in the second semester-third grade (40.0%) and the desirable period was in the first semester-third grade(50.0%). ${\cdot}$ Professors (53.3%) were agreed that the desirable clinical practice duration was from four months to six months(60.0%), and the therapists (60.0%) were agreed that from one month to three months. ${\cdot}$ This study presented the lacks of rearing the experts, the lacks of cultural education, and the lacks of the theory-clinical practice linkage. There were need to develop the systematic programs, clinical practice textbooks, the measurements and the special hospital for clinical practice. And it was need to reduce the gab between of the hospitals for clinical practice, to cut down the costs. and to improve the labour conditions of leaders. In view of this findings, it takes notice of that both professor and therapist were dissatisfied at the present clinical practice systems. These results point out the problems of clinical practice systems, and do not make expect to us the successive and positive clinical practice. The general, specific and intensive plan about the problems and the direction of improvement that establishing the level of hospital for clinical practice and physiotherapy can be elaborated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.851-857
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changes in collimation size and sub ROI on exposure index(EI) in hand radiography, present collimation size and EI suitable for average hand size of Koreans, and present the effect of changes in sub ROI on EI. The subjects of this study were hand-wrist phantom, and the exposure conditions were set to 55 kVp, 125, mA, and 6.25 mAs, and source to image receptor distance was applied to 110 cm. Based on the vendor recommended sub-ROI (18.7" × 18.7", 8" × 10", 8" × 7.4", 6" × 7.4")and the textbook's recommended sub-ROI 8" × 10", each obtaining 30 images, and comparing the EI shown in the equipment. The EI according to the change in the size of the collimation were 1663.7±4.52, 8"×10" is 1489.1±4.49, 8"×7.4" is 1716.9±3.00, 6"×7.4" is 168.7±3.66 for each EI, and the average value of each value was statistically significant. The average EI according to the sub ROI change was 1489.1±4.49 for SS, LS was 1694.8±5.19 for AEC, 2052.9±5.96, VR was 1548.3±3.20, and HR was 1663.2±4.33. The appropriate field size considering the hand size of Koreans was found to be 8"×7.4". In addition, when the field size increases based on the generally known field size (8"×10") during hand radiography, the EI value changes from a maximum of 15% to a minimum of 11%, and the sub ROI shape based on sub ROI 'SS' Depending on the change, the EI value increased from a maximum of 37% to a minimum of 3%.