• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.657-662
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• 2016

Cladosiphon okamuranus is edible brown algae cultured commercially and extensively on the Okinawa coast in Japan. We examined the effects of Cladosiphon okamuranus on the lipid metabolism in high-fat-diet rats. Seven-week-old female SD rats were divided into five groups and fed high-fat diets for 42 days. In addition, Cladosiphon okamuranus was administered orally for 42 days at 95 mg/kg of the body weight of the rats. The effects of lipid metabolism were evaluated by the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) levels in sera. The levels of TC, TG, LDL, GPT, and GOT were reduced in the Cladosiphon okamuranus treated group compared with the high-fat diet group. However, the levels of HDL in the Cladosiphon okamuranus treated groups were higher than in the high-fat diet groups. These results demonstrated that Cladosiphon okamuranus had positive effects on lipid metabolism, suggesting Cladosiphon okamuranus could be used as an ingredient in useful, functional products.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2016

Modern society is living in material affluence after the Industrial Revolution. Meanwhile, consumer needs, in conformity with product diversification, are also being diversified. Modern consumers, unlike those of the past, are trending towards individual consumption that satisfies emotion and values instead of simple goal-oriented consumption. A model case is that of Starbucks. Starbucks has grown into the global coffee franchise it is today through emotional marketing that sells an atmosphere that is unique to Starbucks, consisting of store decorations, store music, employee service, and charming coffee aromas that are identical in every store anywhere in the world. Because this method is marketing that stimulates human emotion, it is assigned to and appeals to human senses and sensitivity. In other words, the charm of emotion marketing is that it draws out consumer emotion, produces positive reactions towards products, and leads to consumption. The utilization of emotions for products or service differentiates brand image and is becoming a key method in reinforcing brand royalty. In particular, more importance is being placed on customer service to strongly impress consumers. Intangible service is becoming the best way to impress customers.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-146
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• 2021

Determination of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nonivamide in pungent liquids of self-defense spray were studied. The nonivamide having almost same spicy taste with capsaicin have been containing a few amounts in natural products, it had called as synthetic capsaicin or PAVA, have used to flavorings for foodstuffs and incapacitating agents of riot controls. Nowadays, it has been occasionally found that the quality controls of a self-defense sprays were not properly due to flood of illegal self-defense sprays. Thus, the simple analytical method with gas chromatography is developed, it is identified whether the products which have contained synthetic capsaicin were marked like natural materials as well as the pungent ingredients in it obeyed with permissible concentration to human or not was investigated. Finally, the pungent components and amounts in some kinds of self-defense spray were investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.618-627
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• 2021

Functional cosmetics are products that help emphasize certain functions such as skin whitening, wrinkle reduction and UV protection. Functional cosmetic items have expanded since 2017. Korea's functional cosmetics industry has focused on skin whitening, wrinkle reduction, UV protection, and high-performance items including medical cosmetics that are in the research and development stage. France leads the international export performance rankings followed by the United states and Germany. France's cosmetic industry is renowned for emphasizing mechanism driven functional cosmetics in bio-industrial and functional materials, while the United states cosmetic industry is in high demand for luxury premium products. The German cosmetic industry is showing growing strength in bio high tech functional cosmetics. For the Korean cosmetic industry to challenge the top 3, it will also have to develop new material of various functional cosmetics that can be applied to emerging industries, and develop a variety of industry equipment in an environment where politics and economy are backed by more focus on research.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.44-55
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• 2021

Objectives: As the use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) increases worldwide, systematic verification of the safety of HMPs is required. The induction of cardiotoxicity is one of the major factors in post-approval withdrawal of medicinal products, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment is emerging as an important step in drug development. In the present study, we evaluated human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel-related cardiotoxicity to predict the risk of cardiac arrhythmia in thirteen herbal medicines known to have cardiac toxicity. Methods: We measured the inhibition rate of hERG potassium channel activity of 13 medicinal herbal extracts in hERG-expressing HEK 293 cells using an automated patch-clamping system. Quinidine was used as a positive control for inhibition of hERG activity. Results: Extracts of Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber potently inhibited the activity of hERG, and IC₅₀ values were 3.158, 19.87, and 41.26 ㎍/mL, respectively. Cnidi Fructus, Ephedra Herba, Lithospermi Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Visci Ramulus et Folium, Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma, and Scolopendra weakly inhibited hERG activity, and the IC₅₀ value for each herbal medicine was more than 400 ㎍/mL. Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber and two types of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Po and Yeom) had weak inhibitory activity against hERG, and the IC₅₀ values were more than 700 ㎍/mL. The IC₅₀ value of quinidine against hERG was 1.021 𝜇M. Conclusion: Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber acted as potent inhibitors against hERG. These herbal medicines may cause cardiac arrhythmia through QT prolongation, so care should be taken when taking them.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2022

After COVID-19, the number of people with sleep disorders around the world is increasing. In particular, in the flow of the 4th industrial revolution, the differentiation of types and characteristics of the sleep industry is accelerating. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of each type of sleep-related industry were reclassified from an industrial point of view, and based on this, an attempt was made to review the classification system that can help companies develop sleep products and improve related national systems. Based on the 10th standard industry classification, we compared input cost, value, and usability and analyzed common characteristics, treatments, and preventive effects based on this. A comprehensive taxonomy using matrix analysis was reviewed. As a result, in terms of cost (A), the most common sleeping products are general mattresses and general bedding. It is an IOT device (auxiliary device), and the value aspect (B, B/D) included sleep cafe, bedding rental and management service, and sleep consulting. In terms of utility (A/B), a total of 6 product groups including sleep aids (health functional foods) belong to this category, and in terms of treatment (A/C), a total of 3 product groups including sleep clinics (medical services) belong to this category. As for the product group (A/D) with both properties, it was found that non-insurance sleep treatment medical devices, sleep-related over-the-counter drugs, and some sleep monitoring applications belong to this category. Ultimately, it was found that the sleep industry classification enables the most active product development and composition according to the relative relationship between cost and utility, and treatment and utility. appeared to be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 2014

Penicillin and its salts, including the benzatine, procaine, and sodium salts, have been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Owing to their low toxicity, they currently form the most important group of antibiotics. However, overdose and abuse of these antibiotics may lead to potential risk in human health. Therefore, this study was conducted to validate the analysis method established by the Korea Food Code in 2012 and to monitor the levels of benzylpenicillin residues in products with reference to the maximum residue level (MRL). Of the 232 product samples tested, benzylpenicillin was detected in 11 livestock products and 2 marine products. Benzylpenicillin concentrations were found to be lower than the MRL in 12 products; however, the concentration of benzylpenicillin was found to be greater than the MRL in 1 pork product. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for benzylpenicillin was found to be 0.001-0.002 mg/kg, with an average recovery of 90.4-115.3%. Calibrations showed good linearity of 0.995 over a range of 0.002-0.05 mg/kg.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

Background: Celecoxib, a COX-2 specific inhibitor, has recently been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of celecoxib against RA inflammation remain to be defined. To elucidate the action mechanism of celecoxib on inflammatory cells, we investigated the effect of celecoxib on the production of two important mediators of inflammation, nitric oxide and PGE2 Methods: RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS were preincubated with various concentrations of celecoxib (from $10^{-8}$ to $10^{-5}$ M) and $10{\mu}M$ hydrocortisone, respectively. The production of NO and PGE2, the end products of iNOS and COX-2 genes, were estimated in culture supernatants by Greiss method and EIA, respectively. The expression of iNOS gene, COX-2 gene, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and $I-{\kappa}B$ were determined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Results: Celecoxib and hydrocortisone inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 in dose dependent manner, when RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS. The expression of iNOS was also down-regulated by celecoxib and hydrocortisone. Interestingly, COX-2 gene differentially expressed according to the dose of celecoxib, a decrease with lower dose ($10^{-8}$ M) but an increase with higher dose ($10^{-5}$ M). $NF-{\kappa}B$ binding activity was decreased by lower dose of celecoxib, whereas was not affected by higher dose of it. The expression of $I-{\kappa}B$ was suppressed by higher dose of celecoxib. Conclusion: The celecoxib strongly suppressed the production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The decrease of NO seems to be linked to the inhibition of iNOS by celecoxib. The lower and higher dose of celecoxib differentially regulated the COX-2 expression and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.286-291
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• 2015

Equol has beneficial effects on human health. Fermented soy products contain equol, and many microbes participate in the equol production process. This study investigated fermented Korean soybean paste, doenjang. Thirty seven doenjang samples collected from different manufacturers were examined. Equol was detected in 3 samples (D2, D13, and D19) at the maximum content of 507 ng/100 g by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fifteen microbial species were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Bacillus spp, Paenibacillus spp, Tetragenococcus spp, Stapylococcus spp, and Clostridium species were the predominant bacteria in equol containing doenjang samples.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.262-271
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• 2005

Cordyceps, one of the most valued traditional Chinese medicines, consists of the dried fungus Cordyceps sinensis growing on the larva of caterpillar. It is also known as 'winter-worm and summer-grass' because of its appearance during different seasons. The parasitic complex of the fungus and the caterpillar is found in soil of a prairie at an elevation of 3,500 to 5,000 meters in northwestern part of China. According to Chinese medicinal theory, Cordyceps is used to replenish the kidney and soothe the lung, and indeed many clinical applications have been reported. The natural Cordyceps is rare and expensive on the local market, and therefore, several mycelial strains have been isolated from natural Cordyceps and manufactured in large quantities by fermentation technology, and they are commonly sold as health food products in Orient. The adulterants of Cordyceps are commonly found on the market, and therefore the authentication of these products has to be defined. Having the urgent need from current market, different chemical markers such as nucleoside, ergosterol, mannitol and polysaccharide are being used for quality control of Cordyceps. Unfortunately, these markers are far from optimization, and therefore extensive works are needed to define the pharmacological efficiency of these markers.