• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine geographic clustering of breast cancer incidence in Kanagawa Prefecture, using cancer registry data. The study also aimed at examining the association between socio-economic factors and any identified cluster. Materials and Methods: Incidence data were collected for women who were first diagnosed with breast cancer during the period from January to December 2006 in Kanagawa. The data consisted of 2,326 incidence cases extracted from the total of 34,323 Kanagawa Cancer Registration data issued in 2011. To adjust for differences in age distribution, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of breast cancer were calculated for each of 56 municipalities (e.g., city, special ward, town, and village) in Kanagawa by an indirect method using Kanagawa female population data. Spatial scan statistics were used to detect any area of elevated risk as a cluster for breast cancer deaths and/or incidences. The Student t-test was performed to examine differences in socio-economic variables, viz, persons per household, total fertility rate, age at first marriage for women, and marriage rate, between cluster and other regions. Results: There was a statistically significant cluster of breast cancer incidence (p=0.001) composed of 11 municipalities in southeastern area of Kanagawa Prefecture, whose SIR was 35 percent higher than that of the remainder of Kanagawa Prefecture. In this cluster, average value of age at first-marriage for women was significantly higher than in the rest of Kanagawa (p=0.017). No statistically significant clusters of breast cancer deaths were detected (p=0.53). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant cluster of high breast cancer incidence in southeastern area of Kanagawa Prefecture. It was suggested that the cluster region was related to the tendency to marry later. This study methodology will be helpful in the analysis of geographical disparities in cancer deaths and incidence.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.473-479
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• 2013

목적: 스마트폰 시청과 알코올 섭취에 따른 눈의 변화와 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 안질환, 정신질환, 전신질환 그리고 알코올 대사에 관련된 약물복용의 병력이 없는 평소 건전한 음주습관을 가진 대상자 31명(남 18명, 여 13명)을 굴절검사, 각막곡률반경, 안압측정, 각막두께를 측정하고 분석하였다. 결과: 스마트폰 시청에 따른 호흡 중 혈중 알코올의 농도 변화는 15분, 30분, 45분, 60분 그리고 회복기에서 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.01, p<0.001). 알코올 섭취 후 스마트폰 시청 전과 시청 후, 굴절검사 비교 결과 원주굴절력과 축에서 유의한 변화가 있었다(p=0.005, p=0.001). 알코올 섭취 후 스마트폰 시청에 따른 안압의 변화는 30분부터 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.001), 알코올을 섭취 한 상태에서 경과시간에 따른 스마트폰 시청은 각막두께에 유의한 변화를 주지 않았다. 결론: 스마트폰 시청과 알코올 섭취는 원주굴절력과 축 그리고 안압에 유의한 변화를 보인다. 시기능 피로를 초래할 수 있는 스마트폰 시청 및 알코올 섭취는 굴절검사 전 반드시 고려해야 할 요인이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2016

간 효소(ALT와 AST)는 주로 간기능을 검사하는데 활용되지만, 간 효소와 심혈관질환 사망과의 관련성에 대한 연구들이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 간 효소와 전체사망원인의 관련성을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구자료는 2005년 8월과 2006년 12월에 한국농촌코호트(5개 지역) 연구에 참여한 40세 이상의 성인 10,110명의 건강검진 및 설문조사 자료와 2012년 12월 통계청의 사망자료를 병합하여 사용하였다. 분석방법은 5개 범주로 구분한 간 효소에 의한 사망위험비는 Cox의 비례위험모델을 이용하여 다른 위험요인들을 보정하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 지금까지 사망의 중요 위험요인들의 사망위험비는 65세 이상이 3.5배, 남자가 3.8배, 흡연 3.2배, WHR이 높을수록, 운동 안함 1.6배, 지질성분 및 PP2가 높을수록 높았으며, 이런 변수들을 보정한 상태에서 AST가 50 IU/L 이상일 때 사망위험비가 2.198배(95% CI: 1.217-3.971)였고, ALT도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이런 결과는 높은 값의 AST는 사망 위험을 높이는데 영향을 미치며, ALT도 사망을 예측하는데 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다는 것을 제시한다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2000

1. 연구배경 및 목적 한의학 특히 사상의학에서는 인체를 정신과 신체로 이원화하지 않고 하나의 통합된 체계로 인식되어 왔으며, 사상체질 임상에 있어서 정신의학적 측면들의 중요하게 사용되고 있다. 이에 저자는 사상체질별 심리적 상태의 객관적 접근을 위하여 임상심리검사를 이용하여, 불안, 우울 성향의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 2. 연구방법 설문지와 임상적 진단을 거쳐 체질이 최종적으로 분류된 건강한 성인남녀 63명-남자 54명, 여자 9명-을 대상으로 하였으며, 태음인 35명, 소음인 17명, 소양인 11명이었다. Beck 우울척도(BDI)와 상태-특성 불안척도(STAI, 상태불안 : S-A, 특성불안 : T-A)를 사용하여 우울과 불안의 성향을 측정하였다. 3. 연구결과 1. 상태불안척도를 이용하여 사상체질별 불안에 대한 비교의 결과, 소음인, 태음인, 소양인의 순서로 불안의 성향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 소음인 태음인의 비교에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2. 특성불안척도를 이용하여 사상체질별 불안에 대한 비교의 결과 소음인, 태음인, 소양인의 순서로 불안의 성향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 태음인 소음인 체질간과 소음인 소양인 체질간의 비교에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3. Beck 우울척도를 이용하여 사상체질별 우울에 대한 비교의 결과 소음인, 태음인, 소양인의 순서로 우울 성향이 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 유의한 차이는 없었다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2003

The otitis media has the highest rate of occurrence in 6-36 month after birth, and relatively high rate of occurrence to six years old. It is one of major cause for hearing loss problem because of its high rate of recurrence. The researcher observed at bed that feeding posture and feeding habit at night have some relationship with occurrence of otitis media. I found that medical research in this area was very weak, and it caused her to concentrate her research on the topic. This paper was undertook a retrospective case-control study to find out the relationship between the mode of feeding and the occurrence of otitis media among the otitis media patients and the healthy persons. As the controling groups, the researcher chose fifty eight mothers whose children received the treatment of otitis media(6-36 months after birth) from the pediatrics clinic of two general hospitals in Seoul, as the patient group, and forty five mothers who consulted with their child to well baby clinic at the general hospital and kindergarten in Seoul as the control group. The results of the survey can be summarized as followed : 1. "Otitis media patient group may have more lying posture mothers while feeding than the healthy control group". The first hypothesis is supported by the fact that the children who have lying posture feeding habit mothers are more easily exposed to otitis media than those who have sitting posture feeding habit mothers as the analysis show : $X^2=8.142$, p = .017 2. "Otitis media patient group may have higher rate of sleeping habit with milk bottle on the month at night than the healthy control group does". The second hypothesis was supported by the fact that the patients group has higher rate of expected sleeping habit than the healthy group dose as the analysis show : $X^2=4.35$, p = .037 3. "Otitis media can be found more in the artificial feeding group than in the healthy children group". The hypothesis is rejected by the analysis, $X^2=1.550$, p = .416. Though the hypothesis is not supported by this research, we need to encourage mothers to feed mother's breast milk on the ground that healthy group has mother's milk feeding tendency, and the best food for infants is their mother's milk, and psychological-sociological effects of breast feeding os quite good for children. It will improve the health of infants. It can be summarized as follows : Otitis media is more concerned with posture of feeding and night feeding habits than feeding modes. On the basis of this survey, feeding education problem for mothers of infants need to be developed. In the education, sitting-embracing posture of feeding, mother's breast feeding, and prohibition of children's lying posture feeding at night need to be emphasized.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2014

본 연구는 노인의 구강보건행동에 따른 일반적 자기효능감, 신체적 자기효능감, 사회적 자기효능감을 파악하고 관련성 요인들을 조사하기 위하여 2013년 6월 1일부터 8월 30일까지 대구광역시와 경상북도 지역에 거주하는 만 60세 이상의 노인 500명을 대상으로 설문조사하였으며 응답을 하지 않거나 답변이 불성실한 73명을 제외한 427명(회수율 85.4%)의 자료를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 조사대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 구강보건행동은 나이가 적을수록, 직업이 있는 경우, 학력이 높을수록, 이혼을 한 경우에 잘 실천하는 것으로 나타났다. 조사대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 자기 효능감은 나이가 적을수록, 학력이 높을수록, 기혼인 경우, 한 달 용돈이 많은 경우에 일반적 자기효능감과 신체적 자기효능감, 사회적 자기효능감 모두 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 구강보건행동을 잘 실천하는 군에서 일반적 자기효능감과 사회적 자기효능감이 높은 것으로 나타났으며 신체적 자기효능감은 보통인 군에서 높게 나타났으며 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 구강보건행동과 관련성의 강도를 분석한 결과 일반적 자기효능감(${\beta}=0.184$)과 가장 연관성이 높았고, 다음은 사회적 자기효능감(${\beta}=0.162$), 신체적 자기효능감(${\beta}=0.101$) 순이었다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 구강보건행동은 자기 효능감과 관련성이 있으며, 구강건강이 성공적 노화의 중요한 요소인 자기효능감에 밀접한 연관성이 있다는 것을 명백히 입증한 결과로서 더 이상 소홀히 취급되어서는 안 된다고 생각된다. 또한 구강건강저하가 사망의 직접적인 원인이 되지는 않지만 구강건강장애가 끊임없이 만성적으로 진행된다는 점에서 타 만성질환과 같이 발생되기 이전에 예방관리를 통해 구강건강을 유지 증진시켜 나가야 할 것으로 생각되며, 자기효능감을 높이고 원만한 대인관계를 위해서도 노년기 구강건강은 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.563-576
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• 1997

This study was carried out to identify basic data for more efficient operation of comprehensive health check-up centers in the national health care system. The researcher reviewed and analyzed the main symptoms of the subjects according to sex, age, occupation and positive rate in the screening tests of a comprehensive health check-up, performed at one comprehensive health check-up center in located in a hospital. The subjects were 512 persons who had a check-up at the comprehensive health check-up, center in K university hospital in Seoul from October 2, 1996 to March 30, 1997. A questionaire developed by the researcher to obtain subject's general characteristics, main symptoms, medical examination, diagnosed disease was used as the tool for the study. The researcher analyzed the data with SPSS PC/sup +/ program. : the distribution of the subject's general characteristics and main symptoms was described with percentages and the difference between main symptoms and screening tests analyzed with X²-test, t-test, ANOVA. The result of this study are as follows : 1. For the distribution of diagnosis in males. liver disease was most frequent and hypertension was second : in females, hypertention and liver disease were not common in that order. 2. The most common complaints were indigestion in the digestive system, sputum in the respiratory system, irregular heart beat in the cardiovascular system, frequent urine in the urinary system vertigo in the hematologic system. 3. The main symptoms according to sex were for females, a statistically siguificant higher rate of complaints in the digestive system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, hematologic system, musculoskeletal, mental & nervous system as compared to males. 4. The main symptoms according to age were that in the the second decade there wara higher rate of complaints in the digestive system, and cardiovascular system than in the older age groups : and in the fifth decade more in the musculoskeletal system. 5. The main symptoms according to occupation were that formers and fishers had a higher rate of complaints in the mental and nervous system as compared to other occupation groups : and office workers, in gynecology. 6. The main symptoms according to diagnosis, were symptoms of the digestive system, frequent in liver disease : symptoms of the cardiovascular system in allergic disease. 7. The screening tests which showed the highest rates were UGI /FGS, PFT : In males a higher rate of abnormality was seen in abdominal ultrasono- graphy and in, females, in mammography. 8. In screening tests according to sex, males showed a higher positive rate for chest X-rays, and LFT, and females, in mammography, pap smear, CBC. 9. In screening tests according to age, higher positive rates of obesity, high blood pressure, chest X-ray, mammography, pap smear, FBS, CBC, urine test were seen in the fifth decade : PFT and abdominal ultrasonography in the third decade. The subjects who wanted comprehensive health check-up were not asymptomatic but had an illness with several symptoms. It is found that the most frequent diagnosed diseases were hypertention and liver disease. So proper observations must be done for them. Comprehensive health check-ups should be changed to a comprehensive examination including treatment beyond examination for those subjects with positive results.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2002

This study was aimed to analyze the variables measuring stress and immune responses, to identify the relationship between stress and immune responses, and to find out the effect of nursing interventions associated with stress and immune responses by reviewing thirty-four published articles since 1970 in Korea. The articles were selected in the field of nursing, stress management, and masters or doctoral dissertations and limited to human subject. Among these, the thirty-one articles were published since 1996 and mainly distributed in nursing (44.1%) and medicine(44.1%). The prevailing research design was nonequivalent control pre-post experimental design(41.1%). The research subjects were 55.9% for patients and 44.1% for healthy general persons including 20.6% of university students. To evaluate stress, both physiologic and psychosocial measures were adapted together in 35.3% of the articles. The most frequent two variables measuring stress and immune response were cortisol level(15.9%) and number or activity of natural killer cell(25.9%). The relation between stress and immune responses was positive in 4 articles, negative in 9 cases, and none in 12 cases. Decreased stress and enhanced immune function have been found when massage, abdominal breathing, exercise, relaxation, and touch were provided as nursing interventions. The articles to investigate the relationship between stress and immune function were limited and the tested variables were diverse. Also there was no consistent evidence to correlate the stress and immune function at present. Further studies are needed to construct a valid research design and to investigate the relationship between stress and immune responses. Nursing interventions to decrease stress should be developed to result in the increased immune function and the effect of these interventions would be verified.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2008

46,XX 남성은 여성의 핵형을 가지나, 남성의 표현형을 나타내는 경우를 말한다. SRY 유전자는 Y 염색체(Yp 11.31)의 단완에 위치하며 인간에서 성을 결정하는 중요한 요인이다. 본 증례는 무정자증의 임상증상이 보이는 46,XX 남성의 정확한 원인분석을 위해 말초혈액분석에서 세포유전학적인 방법과 분자유전학적인 방법을 함께 병행한 보고이다. 남성 표현형과 비교하여 성에 불일치 소견이 보여, 그 원인을 찾기 위해 QF-PCR, FISH와 Multiplex PCR 분석 등의 분자유전학적 방법을 적용하였다. 그 결과, 여성의 성 염색체 XX를 가지되 SRY 유전자가 존재하여 남성 표현형을 보이면서 무정자증이 된 경우이다. 따라서, 일반적인 세포유전학 방법을 기초로 QF-PCR, FISH와 Multiplex PCR 분석 등과 같은 분자유전학적 방법을 병행하면 환자의 정보를 빠르고 정확하게 제공하는데 효과적이고 유용하다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.100-112
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this survey is to monitor the changes that have occurred in the business environment surrounding Oriental medicine clinics, with the focus on their facilities, staff, patients, and service fee revenue. Method adopted: A questionnaire was sent in December 2006 to 1,000 Oriental medicine clinics nationwide, of which 122 (or 12 percent of them) replied. Previous questionnaires similar to this one in nature were checked for comparison. Results: As a result of analyzing the aforesaid replies, the average Oriental medicine clinic appears to have a floor size of 156 square meters (= 47.2 pyeong) and is equipped with 6.6 beds. The number of helpers and nurse's aids at each Oriental medicine clinics comes to 3.2 and 1.58, respectively. The number of patients coming to see a practitioner of Oriental medicine stands at 36.3 persons per day, of whom 32.06 come for acupuncture treatment. 50.2 percent of the Oriental medicine clinics' service fee revenue is paid from the health insurance. Each clinic spends on average 2.42 million won per month on the purchase of medicinal substances and so forth. The foregoing indicates a 27 percent increase from 1999 in terms of floor size, a 30 percent increase in the number of beds, a 47 percent increase in the number of helpers, a 45 percent increase in the number of nurse's aides, and an 11 percent increase in the number of patients who visit a practitioner of oriental medicine. As for the latter figure, there was an increase of 3.64 over a seven-year period. The number of patients coming for acupuncture treatment increased by 7.06 in the same period, whereas the number of those coming for medication treatment decreased by 4.28 percent. Health insurance payments as a proportion of Oriental medicine clinics' service fee revenues increased by 23.9 percentage points from 26.29 percent in 1997 to 50.2 percent in 2006. The amount that a clinic spends on the purchase of medicinal substances, etc, decreased by 250,000 won or by 9.3 percent from 1999. The estimated value of the domestic Oriental medical service market for 2006 stood at 2,422.2 billion won in total. Conclusion: Oriental medicine clinics in Korea appear to be getting larger, with an increase in the number of beds and helpers. Health insurance payments now account for a greater proportion of Oriental medicine clinics' service fee revenues, and management conditions at the clinics are deteriorating.