• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8981-8985
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the effect of lysine-coated oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Lys@MNPs) on viability and apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Zeta potentiometric analyzer were employed to characterize Lys@MNPs. Then Lys@MNPs and lung cancer A549 cells were co-cultured to study the effect of Lys@MNPs on cell viability and apoptosis. The pathway of Lys@MNPs entering A549 cells was detected by TEM and cell imaging by 1.5 T MRI. Results: Lys@MNPs were 10.2 nm in grain diameter, characterized by small size, positive charge, and superparamagnetism. Under low-dose concentration of Lys@MNPs (< $40{\mu}g/mL$), the survival rate of A549 cells was decreased but remained higher than 95% while under high-dose concentration ($100{\mu}g/mL$), the survival ratewas still higher than 80%, which suggested Lys@MNPs had limited influence on the viability of A549 cells, with good biocompatibility and and no induction of apoptosis. Moreover, high affinity for cytomembranes, was demonstrated presenting good imaging effects. Conclusion: Lys@MNPs can be regarded as a good MRI negative contrast agents, with promising prospects in biomedicine.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2018

Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA is a heritable neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the dysfunction of the lysosomal hydrolase sulphamidase. This leads to the primary accumulation of the complex carbohydrate heparan sulphate in a wide range of tissues and CNS degeneration. Characterization of animal model is the beginning point of the therapeutic clinical trial. Mouse model has a limitation in that it is not a human and does not have all of the disease phenotypes. Therefore, delineate of the phenotypic characteristics of MPS IIIA mouse model prerequisite for the enzyme replace treatment for the diseases. We designed 6-month duration of phenotypic characterization of MPS IIIA mouse biochemically, behaviorally and histologically. We compared height and weight of MPS IIIA mouse with wild type from 4 weeks to 6 months in both male and female. At 6 months, we measured GAG storage in urine kidney, heart, liver, lung and spleen. The brain GAG storage is presented with Alcian blue staining, immunohistochemistry, and electron-microscopy. The neurologic phenotype is evaluated by brain MRI and behavioral study including open field test, fear conditioning, T-maze test and Y-maze test. Especially behavioral tests were done serially at 4month and 6month. This study will show the result of the MPS IIIA mouse model phenotypic characterization. The MPS IIIA mouse provides an excellent model for evaluating pathogenic mechanisms of disease and for testing treatment strategies, including enzyme or cell replacement and gene therapy.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

We investigated the effect of a commercial iterative reconstruction technique (iDose, Philips) on the image quality and the dose calculation for the treatment plan. Using the electron density phantom, the 3D CT images with five different protocols (50, 100, 200, 350 and 400 mAs) were obtained. Additionally, the acquired data was reconstructed using the iDose with level 5. A lung phantom was used to acquire the 4D CT with the default protocol as a reference and the low dose (one third of the default protocol) 4D CT using the iDose for the spine and lung plans. When applying the iDose at the same mAs, the mean HU value was changed up to 85 HU. Although the 1 SD was increased with reducing the CT dose, it was decreased up to 4 HU due to the use of iDose. When using the low dose 4D CT with iDose, the dose change relative to the reference was less than 0.5% for the target and OARs in the spine plan. It was also less than 1.1% in the lung plan. Therefore, our results suggests that this dose reduction technique is applicable to the 4D CT image acquisition for the radiation treatment planning.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2008

Purpose: To provide practical education, most universities should be equipped with medical appliances in need. As compensatory measures, Gimcheon College has produced in-house dummy linac and dummy accessories, we are going to report efficiency and its usage. Materials and Methods: Dummy linear accelerator (DLINAC-001) has the same mechanical functions as rotation of gantry and collimation in linear accelerator. In addition, to maximize practical education, we have produced and utilized in-house custom blocks, wedge filters, electron cones and head rests. Results: The in-house produced linear accelerator with the same mechanical functions as the linear accelerator, DLINAC-001 can be effectively used in practicing diverse medical instruments. Conclusion: We have produced dummy linear accelerators and dummy accessories and utilized them in practice classes, which can provide the students with clinical training in diverse fields. Consequently, the students exposed to the maximized educational effectiveness can be easily equipped with the practical competence required in real clinical fields.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2003

The ultrastructures of spermatogenesis and sperm in Xiphophorus maculatus, ovoviviparous fish were investigated by electronmicroscopy The testis of Xiphophorus maculatus contained numerous testicular sacs, and spermatogenesis was synchronized in these testicular sac. In the case of spermatogonium, the nucleus was comparatively large ellipsoidal, and the nucleolus and mitochondria showed a marked development. The size of primary spermatocyte was smaller than that of spermatogonia, and that of secondary spermatocyte was smaller than that of primary spermatocyte. The chromatin of spermatocyte was highly condensed according to their development. The nucleus with electron-dense was round shape. In spermiogenesis, flagella started to be formed and chromatin was more condensed. The mitochondria were rearranged along the tail. The sperm was formed by loss of cytoplasm. The head of mature sperm was long cone shape and had not acrosome. The microtubules of flagella were arranged 9+2 structure. Also, the sperm has a loop-like structure at the end of a tail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2018

Lead is a very useful material in shielding radiation in hospitals. But lead is toxic. Therefore, there are many studies on substitutable materials, Typically, there are many studies using tungsten. In this study, we investigated the physical properties of lead and tungsten and the Half value layer. As a result, lead having higher atomic number showed higher cross - sectional area than tungsten. But, at the same size, the electron density of tungsten with a high density is about 1.7 times higher than that of lead. In MCNPX simulation, the shielding effect of tungsten is about 1.4 times higher than that of lead, It was confirmed that tungsten had better shielding efficiency than lead. However, considering the economic aspect, tungsten is a rare metal, which is about 25 times more expensive than lead, which is considered to be inappropriate as an alternative to lead.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.375-382
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• 2020

PET/CT is a medical equipment that detects 0.511 MeV of gamma rays. The radiation workers are inevitably exposed to ionizing radiation in the process of handling the isotope. Accordingly, PET/CT workers use syringe shields made of lead and tungsten to protect their hands. However, lead and tungsten are known to generate very high scattering particles by interacting with gamma rays. Therefore, in this study, we tried to find out the effect on the scattering particles emitted from the syringe shield. In the experiment, first, the exposure dose to the hand (Rod phantom) was evaluated according to the metal material (lead, tungsten, iron, stainless steel) using Monte Carlo simulation. The exposure dose was compared according to whether or not plastic is attached. Second, the exposure dose of scattering particles was measured using a dosimeter and lead. As a result of the experiment, the shielding rate of plastics using the Monte Carlo simulation showed the largest difference in dose of about 40 % in lead, and the lowest in iron, about 15 %. As a result of the dosimeter test, when the plastic tape was wound on lead, it was found that the reduction rate was about 15 %, 28 %, and 39 % depending on the thickness. Based on the above results, it was found that 0.511 MeV of gamma ray interacts with the shielding tool to emit scattered rays and has a very large effect on radiation exposure. However, it was considered that the scattering particles could be sufficiently removed with plastics with a low atomic number. From now on, when using high-energy radiation, the shielding tool and the skin should not be in direct contact, and should be covered with a material with a low atomic number.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.302-309
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• 2010

Oxidative stress has been implicated in cutaneous damage in various inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Atoberry is the herb medicine extract which is composed with Spirodelae Herba, Xanthii Fructus, Houttuyniae Herba, Taraxaci Herba, Retinervus Luffae Fructus, Platycodi Radix, and Scutellariae Radix. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Atoberry in AD-like skin lesion NC/Nga mice. Murine AD-like skin lesions were made by painting Dermatophagoides farinse (Df) extract. Atoberry significantly increased electron donating ability (DPPH), nitrite scavenging (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in dose dependant. Topically applied Atoberry significantly reduced clinical severity score, ear thickness and histological grade in AD-like skin lesion NC/Nga mice. In addition, the serum levels of IgE, NO and prostaglandin E2 were significantly reduced by Atoberry. Futhermore, skin tissue levels of SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly reduced by Atoberry. These results demonstrate that topical application of Atoberry may be improve the AD-like skin lesion by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 1983

[ $1-{\beta}-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine$ ](ara-C), which is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog is cytotonic to mammalian cells in culture and is active in vitro and in vivo against a variety of DNA viruses. The precise mechanism of action of ara-C has not been determined, although ara-C is thought to act as an antimetabolite, interfering with the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). Cytosine arabinoside originally seemed to act principally by inhibiting the conversion of cytidine to deoxytidine, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis. But recent data suggest that effects upon DNA polymerase and effects via incorporation into DNA and RNA may well be of equal importance. The author have demonstrated the effect of cytosine arabinoside on the hepatocytes of albino mice treated with ara-C, observing changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of the hepatocytes. A total of 120 healthy male albino mice were divided into the control and ara-C treated groups. The animals of the ara-C group were given 10mg. per kg of body weight of mouse ara-C in physiological saline solution and the animals of control group were given physiological saline solution, intraperitoneally. After an administration of ara-C or physiological saline solution, the animal were killed at. interval of 6, 12, and 24 hours. The specimens, which were obtained from the left anterier lobe of the liver, were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with JEM 100B electron microscope. The results were obtained as follow: A pronounced dilatation, sacculation and fragmentation of the cisterane of rough endoplasmic reticulum with dissociation of membrane bound-ribosomes, disaggregation of free ribosomes in the cytoplasm, proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with depletion of glycogen paracles, atrophies of Golgi complex, production of numerous lipid droplets, and formation of antophagic vacuoles, multivesicular bodies and residual bodies are recognized in the hepatocytes of ara-C treated mice. Consequently it is suggested that cytosine arabinoside would induce a changes of the cytoplasmic organelles of the hepatocytes in albino mice.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2001

The ultrastructures of the fertilized egg envelope from long nose barbel, Hemibarbus longirostris belong to Cyprinidae was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The fertilized egg was adhesive type, have a single micropyle resembling the pathway of sperm in the area of the animal pole. An outer surface of the fertilized egg envelope was arranged by adhesive structures irregularly. In section of fertilized egg, the egg envelope consists of two layers, an outer adhesive twofold layer with mushroom-like cluster and an inner lamellae layer consisting of four layers. These ultrastructural characters of fertilized egg envelope from long nose barbel can be utilized in taxonomy of teleost.