• Korean journal of medical education
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether non-cognitive student attributes such as learning style and personality type affected academic performance in a flipped learning classroom of a pre-dental undergraduate science course. Methods: 'Biodiversity and Global Environment,' a 15-week, 3-credit course, was designed as a flipped class in Seoul National University School of Dentistry in 2017. Second-year pre-dental students were required to enroll in the course and to engage in online learning and in-class discussion. The Kolb's Learning Style Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator were conducted to measure non-cognitive student factors. Independent samples t-test and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between self-rated measurements and academic achievement. Results: More than half of the students enrolled in the flipped science course had an assimilator learning style (50%), followed by convergers (24%), accommodators (16%), and divergers (10%), and their personality types were dominated by the introverted, sensing, thinking, and judging types, respectively. Examining group differences using the t-test demonstrated a significant relationship between the diverger group and higher academic success. In particular, the multivariate regression analysis indicated that both thinking types and female students performed better in discussion than feeling types and male students. Conclusion: To operate the flipped learning classroom more effectively in medical and dental education, the instructor should carefully develop and apply a more tailored facilitation and relevant assessment by considering student learning styles and personality types.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2010

Objectives : The directional supplementation and draining and twirling supplementation and draining have been used widely in oriental medical clinic. The aim of this study is to compare the effects between directional supplementation and draining method and twirling supplementation and draining. Methods : Clinical experiment was performed with 21 students of oriental medical college of Daegu Haany university. Acupuncture was applied at left Hapgok (LI4) with directional supplementation and twirling supplementation respectively, and the thermographic change was checked using DITI (Digital Infrared Thermographic Image). Results and Conclusion : A significant thermographic change was observed at bilateral Igan (LI2), Yanggye (LI5), Gokji (LI11), and Yeonghyang (LI20) in directional supplementation. A significant thermographic change was observed at bilateral Igan (LI2), Yanggye (LI5), and Yeonghyang (LI20) in twirling supplementation. Based on the thermographic change, it could be demonstrated that directional supplementation is more effective that twirling supplementation.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2022

Background: Instrument players are exposed to occupational musculoskeletal symptoms due to constant movement and strain to meet the needs of their audience. This can cause dissonance between the player and the instrument and can cause medical problems in the musculoskeletal system such as pain, tendinitis, muscle spasms, and joint hyperextension from overuse of body parts. Objective: The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze the characteristics and occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms in professional and student players, and to find out the awareness of the need for health care professionals and special exercise programs for orchestra players. Methods: The subjects were professional orchestral musicians 191 from the three symphony orchestras and music students 209 from the four universities volunteered to participate in this study; 393 subjects (98.25%) completed the questionnaire. symptom prevalence and related factors of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was complemented by adding a visual-among scale and used to diagnose PRMD. Results: High prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in both professional musicians (85.30%) and student musicians (82.30%). Professional musicians and student musicians also suffered the highest problem in shoulder and neck complaints. Significant differences were found between groups that recognized of necessity for specialized health professionals, professional organizations, and special programs for musicians. Conclusions: Professional musicians and student musicians, like orchestra players, are already exposed to overuse syndrome. However, student musicians lack awareness of the risk of injury compared to orchestra players. We suggest that an appropriate treatment management program for the prevention and early treatment of musculoskeletal system damage should be provided to performers at an early stage.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.309-313
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• 2022

Background: Because premed students do not take courses related to medicine during their first 2 years, they cannot establish their identity as students at medical schools, making it difficult for them to set goals as future doctors. We conducted an early clinical and basic laboratory exposure program for premed students and studied the effects of the program and student satisfaction levels. Methods: We performed an early clinical and basic laboratory exposure program for premed students for 2 days and evaluated the effects of the program and student satisfaction with it. The program consisted of two types: type 1, where two to four students formed a group, which was assigned to a particular department to participate and make observations during ward rounds, outpatient clinics, examinations, procedures, and surgeries (in the case of basic laboratory work, the students partook in experimental observations); and type 2, where one student followed a medical school professor to observe the professor's day. After the program ended, an online survey was conducted to investigate the effects on students, their thoughts, and satisfaction levels. Results: In total, 114 students (91.2%) responded to the survey. Approximately 94% of them were satisfied with the program. They found that the program would be useful for deciding on future career paths, gaining knowledge about a department of interest, studying for a medical program after premedical studies, and befriending residents and professors in certain departments. Conclusion: Early clinical and basic laboratory exposure programs are recommended for premedical students.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.214-227
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• 2022

Despite controversies, no earlier study has systematically summarized findings from earlier studies on the effect of artichoke supplementation on blood pressure. Therefore, current systematic review and meta-analysis was done on the effect of artichoke supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adults. Five databases were searched from inception to January 2022 using relevant keywords. All randomized clinical trials investigating the impact of oral artichoke supplementation on any of the blood pressure parameters including SBP or/and DBP were included. Out of 1,507 citations, 7 trials that enrolled 472 subjects were included. Artichoke supplementation resulted in significant reduction in SBP (weighted mean difference [WMD], -2.01 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.78, -0.24; p = 0.026) and DBP (WMD, -1.45 mmHg; 95% CI, -2.81, -0.08; p = 0.038). Greater effects on SBP were detected in trials using ≤ 500 mg artichoke, lasted > 8 weeks, participants aged < 50 years' old and sample size ≤ 70. There was also a similar impact of artichoke on DBP. However, significant non-linear associations were found between artichoke supplementation dosage and study duration with both SBP (for dosage: p_{non-linearity} = 0.002, for duration: p_{non-linearity} = 0.016) and DBP (for dosage: p_{non-linearity} = 0.005, for duration: p_{non-linearity} = 0.003). We found a significant reduction in both SBP and DBP following artichoke supplementation in adults. It could be proposed as a hypotensive supplement in hypertension management.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2016

Background: This study was designed to assess serum vitamin D status (25-OHD) in the fibromyalgia (FM) patients and to compare it with a healthy control group. It also aimed to investigate the correlation of serum vitamin D level with FM symptom severity and invalidation experiences. Methods: A total of 74 consecutive patients with FM and 68 healthy control participants were enrolled. The eligible FM patients completed the Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I), the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) and a short-form health survey (SF-12). Venous blood samples were drawn from all participants to evaluate serum 25-OHD levels. Mann-Whitney tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed and Spearman's correlations were calculated. Results: 88.4% of FM patients had low levels of serum 25-OHD. FM patients had significantly higher level of serum 25-OHD than the control group ($17.24{\pm}13.50$ and $9.91{\pm}6.47$ respectively, P = 0.0001). There were no significant correlations between serum 25-OHD levels and the clinical measures of disease impact, invalidation dimensions, and health status. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that an increased discounting of the disease by the patient's spouse was associated with a 4-fold increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (OR = 4.36; 95% CI, 0.95-19.87, P = 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that although high rates of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency were seen among FM patients and healthy non-FM participants, but it seems there was no intrinsic association between FM and vitamin D deficiency. Addressing of invalidation experience especially by the patient's spouse is important in management of FM.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the satisfaction of students who participated in a role play using the syndrome differentiation CPX (Clinical Performance Examination) scenario in Korean Medicine Classics class, and to find out whether the results were correlated with self-assessment of treatment skills and subject achievement. Methods : In the Korean Medicine Classics class in the first semester of 2022, 44 first-year students in the Department of Korean Medicine completed theoretical education and formative evaluation on the subject of internal damage fever, and then role-played using CPX scenarios. Among them, 41 students consented to the study. Students who agreed to the study answered the satisfaction questionnaire consisting of 13 questions in 2 areas on learning methods and effects, and self-evaluation was conducted according to the evaluation items of medical technology consisting of 23 questions. Satisfaction and self-assessment results were analyzed for correlation, and additionally, correlation with Korean Medicine Classics subject achievement was also analyzed. Results : The result of student satisfaction with the role play was 4.87±0.06 while the result of student self-assessment of clinical skill was 4.73±0.16. The student satisfaction with the role play showed statisticallysignificant correlations with the self-assessment of clinical skill and quiz score of Korean Medical Classics while it did not show correlations with the total score of Korean Medical Classics and paper test. Also, the self-assessment of clinical skill did not show correlations with the total score of Korean Medical Classics, paper test, and quiz. Conclusions : Even though the students who performed the role play using the syndrome differentiation based CPX scenario highly assessed their clinical skill and showed high satisfaction, it did not show significant correlation with the achievement of Korean Medical Classics.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.250-260
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• 2022

Evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs involves measuring learning processes as well as outcomes. It is essential to study cohorts of students and graduates to evaluate the long-term effects of educational programs with data generated both during education and after graduation. The purpose of this study was to establish cohorts of students and graduates to evaluate their performance, thereby providing a basis for evaluating the social accountability of medical education. In this study, student and graduate cohorts were built for both students currently enrolled and graduates at Inje University College of Medicine (IUCM). A model involving the process of cohort establishment and an evaluation indicator framework was developed. In the process of cohort establishment, the following steps were conducted: defining the goals and objectives of the student and graduate cohorts, organizing a cohort committee, developing regulations, registering cohorts, acquiring consent, and building a database. A framework of evaluation indicators according to the graduate roles of IUCM was developed by adapting Kirkpatrick's evaluation model. Next, items to be collected in student and graduate cohorts were selected, and the current status of existing data was analyzed. Moreover, a preliminary analysis was conducted, including analyses of the evaluation indicators and graduates' performance. This study suggests that it is necessary to include additional evaluation indicators considering students' learning environment and well-being in student cohorts and to develop strategies or methods for graduates to continue participating in data collection for a long-term study.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.128-140
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to redesign a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum and compare the differences between the previous and redesigned PBL based on the results of course satisfaction and student assessments. The PBL was redesigned using curriculum design guidelines (including revisions of curriculum objectives, learning components, learning environments, and assessment methods) that were developed based on previous studies and evaluation results. A comparative study was employed using course satisfaction surveys from the previous and redesigned curricula, and a total of 45 students participated. We also compared student assessment results from concept mapping, learning issue reports, modified essay questions, and reflection journals. We identified four key findings. First, we explored the possibility that the redesigned PBL could be implemented by student facilitators without professors as tutors. Second, the redesigned PBL fostered group dynamics that facilitated developing communication skills and collaborative learning through small-group discussions. Third, the new learning elements added in the redesigned PBL made a meaningful contribution to enhancing students' clinical reasoning based on hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Fourth, concept maps in redesigned PBL contained more complex and various nodes and connections, and the levels of the nodes were more appropriate. The implications of this study can provide meaningful preliminary information for redesigning PBL curricula for medical students to develop their essential competencies through PBL.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1982

A study was carried out in order to obtain the status of student sickness and medical care in University Health Service, Ewha Womans University. This study was based on the clinical records of University Health Service and hospitals 'for student insurance pay claims during the year of 1981. And the findings from the study were as follows; 1. A total number of student patients cared at University Health Service in 1981 was 9,822 and the incidence rate of primary cared was 773 per 1,000 students. 2. A total number of student patients cared at hospitals was 393 and the incidence rate of secondary cared was 31 per 1,000 students and 5 student out of 31 per 1000 was cared under the haspitalization. 3. The evacuation rate of student patients from University Health Service to hospital was 393 out of 9,822 student primary cared or 4.0 percent. 4. The order of 5 major diseases of primary cared in University Health Service was respiratory system diseases (36.6%), Digestive system diseases (17.4%), Skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (16.0%), Symptoms and undetermined diagnosis (13.7%) and Nerve and sensory organ diseases (12.0%) respectively. 5. The disease order of student patients(333) cared in hospitals as out-patients was Skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (40.3%), Nervous and Sensory organ disease (19.2%), Digestive system diseases (10.8%) respectively. 6. The disease order of student patients (60) cared in hospitals as in-patients was Digestive system diseases (35.0%), Respiratory system diseases (13.3%), Nerve and sensory organ diseases (10.0%), Infectious and parasitic diseases (10.0%), and Symptom and Undetermined diagonsis (10.0%) respectively. 7. The evacuation rate of student patients in University Health Service to hospital was varied according to disease groups; the lowest rate was the diseases evacuated to Internal Medicine Department 1.5% or 75 out of 5,072 patient primary cared and the highest rate was Neuropsychiatry department 63.7% or 7 out of 11 patients. 8. The monthly distribution of student patients in University Health Service was the highest in September (17.9%) and April (15.5%) each semester. 9. The monthly number of student patients treated in hospitals was the range 20 to 40 in out patients and 2 to 9 in in-patients. 10. The hospital ill days per case were $4.3{\pm}5.0$ days in out-patients and $9.7{\pm}9.5$ days in in-patients.