• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.68-89
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• 1993

This study was conducted to develop a model of a fee schedule for nursing services.'Regardless of the demand for skilled and professional nursing service today, the Korean health insurance system does not furnish a chapter for the nursing service fee schedule. A nation-wide survey of hospital nursing service fee schedules was to provide practical and realistic data about how the variety of nursing services are being charged. From September 1990 to April 1991, data from the fee schedule used by twenty hospitals located in eight large cities which are designated large medical regions in the Korea Health Care and Patient Referral System were collected. Nursing services and the fees charged for them were analyzed. The nursing services were subjected to a secondary analysis with referrence to reports on “nursing services to be charged in Korea”. The total number of nursing services recommended by the literatures was 177 : finally 141 types of nursing services were selected by investigator as chargable nursing services. In addition, data on managerial characteristics of the hospitals were collected to discover influential variables for a nursing fee schedule model. Under the assumption that all the managerial characteristics of the hospitals influenced the fee schedule, the following model was tested : Fee of nursing services (C) = f(A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A/sub 5/, A/sub 6/, A/sub 7/, A/sub 8/,) When, A₁ = number of nurses A₂ = the first salary of a nurse educated in a four year A₃ = scale of nursing management division A₄ = location of the hospital A/sub 5/ = the type of hospital management (profit / non-profit) A/sub 6/ = number of hospital beds A/sub 7/ = years of hospital operation A/sub 8/ = number and kinds of clinical divisions The results showed that the model should be built as follows : C = f (A₁, A/sub 4/, A/sub 5/) Each nursing service was applied to the fee schedule with consideration for the professional level and time-taken to provide the services. Detailed fee schedules were presented in the related tables. Of the 141 kinds of nursing services, 24.8% were chargeble to the Korea Health Insurance, 32.6％ of the nursing services were being paid directly by the patienty. The rest of nursing services (42.6％) were not being charged to any source. It was recommened that the Korea Health Insurance Reimbursement system should add a classification system for nursing services that can be used in the national health care program. Further study is needed about how to include 32.6% of the nursing services now being paid for directly by the patients in the health insurance system.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.169-193
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• 2014

This paper attempts to analyze how the psychological factors would have an effect on the user's intention to make use of the mobile care via smart-phone, identifying the relationships among individual motivation propensity that consists of prevention propensity and promotion propensity, perceived usefulness and ease of use, perceived cost, behavioral use attitude and use intention based on technology acceptance model, and verifying them empirically through the structural equation modeling. The findings are as the followings. First, prevention motivation propensity affects positively on usefulness of smart-phone for mobile care service, but there are no significant indications that it affects on the ease of use and perceived cost. Second, promotion propensity affects positively on perceived ease of use and perceived cost of smart-phone for mobile care service, but there is no significant indication that it affects on perceived usefulness. Third, perceived usefulness and ease of use, and perceived cost affects positively on the use attitude. In sum, this paper confirms that the prevention propensity and promotion propensity might be used as antecedent variables for developing new smart-phone services of mobile care.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.257-263
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• 2020

This study was conducted to improve the quality of National Health Policy by analysing the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, Medical institutions characteristics and characteristics of Admission-Discharge on the length of stay in hospital for schizophrenic patients from the data of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. The subjects were 4,692 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia as main diagnosis from the data records of HIRA-NIS 2016. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect on the length of stay. Sociodemographic characteristics, hospital characteristics and characteristics of Admission-Discharge were used as explanatory variables and length of stay in hospital was used as a dependent variable. The result of study showed that female, age, medical aid, the kind of hospital, gangweon-do and with mental disease were found to be the factors that affect the length of stay. The significance of this study is to use the public data for evaluating factors that affect the length of stay in hospital for schizophrenic patients. But this study did not consider disease severity, so further study is needed for evaluation of the effects of factors on the length of stay according to disease severity.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 2001

There has been pointed out that a great portion of hospitalized patients stay in hospitals longer than necessary, often even after the completion of necessary care. This causes that hospital resources are not used efficiently. In order to identify underlying forces in postponing inpatients' discharge, this study aimed to investigate reasons for long-term stay of patients admitted in general hospitals. A total of 135 patients, who were staying at 7 general hospitals in Inchon and Kyonggi-Do for more than 60 days, were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire between April 3 and April 10, 2000. Medical reasons including incompleteness of necessary care, difficulty in receiving outpatient-based care, and being under physical therapy were the most significant factors associated with long-term stay, followed by the lack of familial resources to take care of patients after discharge. Financial problems such as inability to pay for hospital bills were not significant factors influencing long-term stay. Regression analyses were conducted for medical reasons, familial resources, and financial problems, respectively. It was shown that receiving physical therapy and the number of admission in the past were significant predictors for medical reasons. The lack of familial resources as a reason for long-term stay had a positive relationship with the degree of need for aid in daily living. It may be recommended for the hospitals to cope with administrative problems due to the patients' long-term stay, considering the reasons of it, and their characteristics. And also, institutional efforts like vitalizing the home care service systems by hospitals as the continuing care after discharge should be needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5501-5504
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• 2012

Cervical cancer is an important woman's health problems worldwide, especially in low socio-economic countries. The aim of this study was to compare the Pap smear screening results between Akha hill tribe and urban women who live in Chiang Rai province, Thailand. Screening was conducted for 1,100 Akha women and 1,100 urban women who came to have the Pap smear at Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital and 1 private cytology laboratory from January to June 2008. The demographic characteristics and factors related to abnormal Pap smears of these women were gathered using closed model questionnaires. Abnormal Pap smears were defined according to the Bethesda 2001 system. The results showed that the prevalence of abnormal Pap smears was 12.2% in Akha women and 4.5% in urban women. The highest prevalence of Pap abnormalities was found in the 41-50 years age group in both populations (4.5% in Akha and 1.7% in urban women). In both populations, abnormal Pap smears were found in <21 years age groups. From the questionnaires, the possible risk factors related to the higher prevalence of abnormal Pap smears in Akha women were early age at marriage (${\leq}17$ years), high frequency pregnacies and high parity and no/low education level. In conclusion, cervical cancer control by education and early detection by Pap smear screening is necessary for hill tribe women. More Pap smear screening service units should be set to improve the coverage for the risk group women who got married in young age, especial in ethnic groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.167-176
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• 2020

Meanwhile the service of public health are being improved and the patient-friendly medical environment is constructed due to the development of the medical industry, we need to take more concern for child patient's pain undergoing this change of the medical environment. Currently, pain of child patient is treated by both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic method. The application of virtual reality(VR) is emerging as a kind of attention-conversion therapy among non-pharmacologic method both at home and abroad. This study has examined and analyzed the development cases and related studies of VR among the world. And derived 'Presence', 'Interactivity', 'Social Interaction', 'Customization', 'Embodiment' as characteristics to be considered in the clinical application of VR for children. Based on this, six measures are proposed to promote VR contents to reduce pain of child patient.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.132-138
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• 2016

Purpose: Acute respiratory infection, particularly pneumonia, is the most common cause of hospitalization and death among children in developing nations. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of children and adolescents with pneumonia who visited Emergency Department (ED) in South Korea in 2012. Methods: We analyzed National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) records from 146 EDs in South Korea for all pediatric patients aged ${\leq}18years$ who were diagnosed with pneumonia between January and December 2012. Results: Among 38,415 subjects, the male-to-female ratio was 1:0.8. Patients aged <12 months comprised 18.0% of the study population; those aged 1 to 3 years, 54.4%; those aged 4 to 6 years, 16.8%; those aged 7 to 12 years, 7.4%; and those aged 13 to 18 years, 3.4%. Presentation rates were highest in April, followed by January, March, and May. The hospital admission rate was 43.5%, of which 2.6% were in intensive care units. The mortality rate was 0.02%. Based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnostic codes, the types of pneumonia according to cause were viral pneumonia (29.0%), bacterial pneumonia (5.3%), Mycoplasmal pneumonia (4.5%), aspiration pneumonia (1.3%), and pneumonia of unknown origin (59.3%). Conclusion: Despite the limited data due to the ED data from the NEDIS lacking laboratory results and treatment information, this study reflects well the outbreak patterns among children and adolescents with pneumonia. Our results provide a basis for future studies regarding ED treatment for children and adolescents with pneumonia.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.502-512
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify role ambiguity of comprehensive nursing care unit nurses. Methods: A concept analysis method by Walker and Avant was used to understand role ambiguity of comprehensive nursing care unit nurses. Results: The antecedents of role ambiguity of nurses at comprehensive nursing units were shortage of nurses, unclear admission criteria, and demands for customized nursing care according to severity. Attributes include ambiguity in role delegation, patient placement ambiguity, and professional ambiguity among nursing staff. The consequences were diminished job satisfaction due to excessive workload, difficulty in resolving role ambiguity due to the lack of work analysis studies, and poor outcome of nursing indicators. Conclusion: Improvement of nationwide awareness for comprehensive nursing care unit is required. Clear division at scope of practice for nursing staff in accordance of each medical institution's characteristics is essential. Nurses at comprehensive nursing care unit should understand nature of role ambiguity that occurs as they work in large groups. Nurses should promote communications between nursing staff and they must have volition to improve status quo. An additional research of comprehensive nursing care on the causes of role ambiguity in the practice of nursing care for ward nurses is needed, and management measures should be sought at the organizational level.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.49
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• pp.310.1-310.11
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• 2018

Background: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most common community-acquired bacterial infections. Recent increases of antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens might have changed the other epidemiologic characteristics of APN. The objective of this study was to describe the current epidemiology of APN in Korea, using the entire population. Methods: From the claims database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea, the patients with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes N10 (acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis) or N12 (tubulo-interstitial nephritis, neither acute nor chronic) as the primary discharge diagnosis during 2010-2014 were analyzed, with two or more claims during a 14-day period considered as a single episode. Results: The annual incidence rate of APN per 10,000 persons was 39.1 and was on the increase year to year (35.6 in 2010; 36.7 in 2011; 38.9 in 2012; 40.1 in 2013; 43.8 in 2014, P = 0.004). The increasing trend was observed in both inpatients (P = 0.014) and outpatients (P = 0.004); in both men (P = 0.042) and women (P = 0.003); and those aged under 55 years (P = 0.014) and 55 years or higher (P = 0.003). Eleven times more women were diagnosed and treated with APN than men (men vs. women, 6.5 vs. 71.3), and one of every 4.1 patients was hospitalized (inpatients vs. outpatients, 9.6 vs. 29.4). The recurrence rate was 15.8%, and the median duration from a sporadic episode (i.e., no episode in the preceding 12 months) to the first recurrence was 44 days. The recurrence probability increased with the number of previous recurrences. The average medical cost per inpatient episode was USD 1,144, which was 12.9 times higher than that per outpatient episode (USD 89). Conclusion: The epidemiology of APN in Korea has been changing with an increasing incidence rate.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the annual trend of patients with cervical vertebrae disability and improve their health service utilization in the general description (200 TABLE) of patients with cervical vertebrae disability.The main results of this study are as follows. All patients with cervical vertebrae disability were women aged 50 to 59. Compared to 2010, the proportion of patients with disease increased year by year in all subjects in 2018, with men under 30-39 years of age and women under 19 years of age increasing the highest.