Panax ginseng has been extensively used in the traditional oriental medicine as a restorative, tonic and Prophylactic agent. Recently, several reports regarding to anticancer effects of Panax ginseng has accumulated. These studies emphasized the fact that the anticancer activities might be due to a glycoside group called ginsenoside or pan.u saponin which has a water soluble characteristic. However, the authors and collaborates demonstrated that a highly lipid soluble component in extract of Panax ginseng roots contains a considerable cytotoxic activities against marine leukemic cells (L1210, P388) and human censer cells (HRT-18, HT-29, HCT48). This study was devised to observe the cytotoxic activities of Petroleum-ether extract of Panax giuseng roots (crude GBD and its Partially Purified fraction from silicic acid column chromatography (7 : 3 GX) against sarcoma-180 (5-180) and Walker carcinosar- coma 256 (Walker 256) in vivo, and murine leukemic Lymphocytes (L1210) and human rectal cancer cells (HRT-18) and human colon cancer cells (HT-29 and HCT48) in vitro. Each cell-line was cultured in medium containing serial concentration of the crude GX or 7 : 3 GX in vitro. A highly lipid soluble compound in the extract of Panax ginseng root was cytocidal to murine leukemic cells and human colon and rectal cancer cells in vitro. In the meantime, ginseng saponin derivatives did not have cytotoxic effects at its corresponding concentration. The growth rates of the cancer cells in medium containing ginseng extracts were inhibited gradually to a significant degree roughly in proportion to the increase of the extract concentration. The cytotoxic activity of 7 : 3 GX was about 3 times more potent than that of crude GX, one unit of cytotoxic activity against L1210 cells being equivalent to 2.54 Ug and 058 Ug for the crude GX and 7 : 3 GX, respectively. The Ri value of the active compound on silica- gel thin layer chromatography with petroleum-ether/ethyl ether/acetic acid mixture (90 : 10 : 1, v/v/v) as a developing so lvent was 053. While, the Panaxydol and Panaxynol as active compounds were purified from Petroleum-ether extract of Panax ginseng root by Drs. Ahn and Kim, and author found out that the one unit of cytotoxic activity of the Panaxydol and Panaxynol against L1210 cells being equivalent to 056 Ug and 0.3918 respectively. The survival times of mice inoculated with S-180 cells were extended about 1.5 to 2 times by the 7 : 3 GX treatment compared with their control group. The significantly decreased hemoglobin values of rats after inoculation with Walker 256 were recovered to normal range by oral administration of the crude Gt The synthetic levels of protein, DNA and RNA in human colon and rectal cancer cells were significantly diminished by treatment with the crude GX, which can explain a part of the origin of its anticancer activity.
he scintillation detector having $BaF^2$ crystal with 3.6cm dia${\times}$2.0 cm thick was provided. The energy and timing characteristics were measured and compared with NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors, which widely used in unclear medicine. In order to measure the energy spectrum, the radioactive sources used were $^{22}Na,\;^{54}Mn,\;^{57}Co,\;^{137}Cs$ and the source to detector distance was 7cm. For the timing characteristic, NaI(Tl)(1" ${\times}$ 1")-$BaF^2$ and NaI(Tl)(3" ${\times}$ 3")-$BaF^2$ timing coincidence systems were prepared and the used source was $^{22}Na$ emitting 511keV annihilation photons. For the 511keV gamma-ray emitted from $^{22}Na$, It was revealed that the timing response of the $BaF^2$ detector was faster than NaI(Tl)(1" ${\times}$ 1") and NaI(Tl)(3" ${\times}$ 3") detector used in this experimental investigation. The energy characteristics of the $BaF^2$ detector had a good values for about 500keV energy range.
Nitinol, a shape memory alloy (SMA), is manufactured from titanium and nickel and it used in various fields such as electrical applications, micro sensors. It is also recommended as a material in medical for implant because it has excellent organic compatibility. Nitinol is intended to be inserted into the human body, products require a high-quality surface and low residual stress. To overcome this problems, explore electrolyte polishing (EP) is being explored that may be appropriate for use with nitinol. EP is a particularly useful machining method because, as a non contact machining method, it produces neither machining heat nor internal stress in the machined materials. Sandpaper polishing is also useful machining method because, as a contact machining method, it can easily good surface roughness in the machined materials. The electrolyte polishing (EP) process has an effect of improving the surface roughness as well as the film polishing process, but has a characteristic that the residual stress is hardly generated because the work hardened layer is not formed on the processed surface. The sandpaper polishing process has the effect of improving the surface roughness but the residual stress remains in the surface. We experimented with three conditions of polishing process. First condition is the conventional polishing. Second condition is the electrochemical polishing(EP). And Last condition is a mixing process with the conventional polishing and the EP. Surface roughness and residual stress of the nitinol before a polishing process were $0.474{\mu}mRa$, -45.38MPa. Surface roughness and residual stress of the nitinol after mixing process of the conventional polishing and the EP were $1.071{\mu}mRa$, -143.157MPa. Surface roughness and residual stress of the nitinol after conventional polishing were $0.385{\mu}mRa$ and -205.15MPa. Surface roughness and residual stress of sandpaper and EP nitinol were $1.071{\mu}mRa$, -143.157MPa. The result shows that the EP process is a residual stress free process that eliminates the residual stress on the surface while eliminating the deformed layer remaining on the surface through composite surface machining rather than single surface machining. The EP process can be used for biomaterials such as nitinol and be applied to polishing of wafers and various fields.
In the present study, a new Real Time Subjective Evaluation (RTSSE) system was developed. The system is composed of two parts: a sensibility input part and sensibility evaluation part. The sensibility input part receives values, which are recorded on an input board using a stylus and digital tablet, from each subject's evaluation of his/her own subjective sensibility towards a particular stimulus. The sensibility evaluation part displays the level of pleasantness and arousal on one or two dimensions in real time. An experiment was conducted in order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the RTSSE system. The present study compared Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) with the RTSSE by presenting 28 subjects in their 20s with pictures arousing either positive or negative sensibility. Following the experiment, an off-line subjective assessment using a questionnaire was given to the same subjects. According to the correlation coefficients, changes in subjective sensibility caused by the positive visual stimulus were related more closely to GSR, from the positive visual stimulus, and changes in subjective sensibility caused by the negative visual stimulus were related more closely to GSR from the negative visual stimulus. The questionnaire results showed marked similarity to the average responses of the RTSSE. In conclusion, the most remarkable characteristic of the present system is that it not only assesses the average sensibility when stimuli are presented, but also shows the changing strength of sensibility over time.
The purpose of this study is to verify the utility of reflected photoplethysmography sensor using two green light emitting diodes that influenced by ambient light. Recently it has been studied that green light emitting diode is suitable for light source of reflected photoplethysmography sensor at low temperature and high temperature. Another study showed that, green light is better for monitoring heart rate during motion than led light. However, it has a bad characteristic about ambient light noise. To verify the utility of reflected photoplethysmography sensor using green light emitting diode, this study measures the photoplethysmography signal that is distorted by ambient light and will propose a solution. This study has two parts of research method. One is measurement system that composed sensor and board. The sensor is made up PE-foam and Non-woven fabric for flexible sensor. The photoplethysmography signal is measured by measurement board that composed high-pass filter, low-pass filter and amplifier. Ambient light source is light bulb and white light emitting diode that has three steps brightness. Photoplethysmography signal is measured with lead II electrocardiography signal at the same time and it is measured at the finger and radial artery for 1 minute, 1000 Hz sampling rate. The lead II electrocardiography signal is a standard signal for heart rate and photoplethysmography signal that measured at the finger is a standard signal for waveform. The test is repeated 3 times using three sensor. The data is processed by MATLAB to verify the utility by comparing the correlation coefficient score and heart rate. The photoplethysmography sensor using two green light emitting diodes is shown better utility than using one green light emitting diode and red light emitting diode at the ambient light. The waveform and heart rate that measured by two green light emitting diodes are more identical than others. The amount of electricity used is less than red light emitting diode and error peak detectability factor is the lowest.
Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
/
v.14
no.2
/
pp.71-78
/
2012
Eupatilin, one of representative medical components of mugwort, can be efficiently extracted from the 'Gangwha Sajabalssuk'. The Eupatilin content may depend on environmental factors such as soil and regional climate in addition to a genetic factor and Gangwha region has a profitable environmental condition for the mugwort growth. In this study, the climatological characteristics of Gangwha was analyzed in order to find the environmental condition of mugwort containing high Eupatilin in term of atmospheric, oceanographic and land variables. The climate of Gangwha is characterized by the relatively low daily temperature and large diurnal variation with plenty of solar radiation, long sunshine duration and less cloudiness. According to our correlation analysis, the long sunshine duration and the large diurnal temperature variation are highly correlated with the Eupatilin contents. The result implies that Gangwha has the favorable conditions for the cultivation and the habitat of the high-Eupatilin concentrated mugwort. Because of the sea surrounding Gangwha Island with low salinity and moderate wind, the salt contained in sea breeze is relatively low compared to other regions. Furthermore, Gangwha has clean atmospheric environment compared to other regions because the concentrations of toxic gases harmful to crop growth such as nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), sulfite gas ($SO_2$) and fine dust (PM-10) are lower in the air. The ozone ($O_3$) concentration is moderate and within the level of natural production. It is also found that moderately coarse texture or fine loamy soils known as good for water drainage and for the growth and cultivation of the 'Gangwha-mugwort' are distributed throughout the areas around mountainous districts in Gangwha, coinciding with those of mugwort habitat.
Objective : Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children under age 24 months has characteristic features because the brain at this age is rapidly growing and sutures are opened. Moreover, children this age are completely dependent on their parents. We analyzed the demographic data and risk factors for outcomes in TBI patients in this age group to elucidate their clinical characteristics. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiological films of children under 24 months who were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2013 for TBI. Specifically, we analyzed age, cause of injury, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, radiological diagnosis, seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural hygroma, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, and we divided outcomes into good (GOS 4-5) or poor (GOS 1-3). We identified the risk factors for post-traumatic seizure (PTS) and outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results : The total number of patients was 60, 39 males and 21 females. Most common age group was between 0 to 5 months, and the median age was 6 months. Falls were the most common cause of injury (n=29, 48.3%); among them, 15 were falls from household furniture such as beds and chairs. Ten patients (16.7%) developed PTS, nine in one week; thirty-seven patients (61.7%) had skull fractures. Forty-eight patients had initial GCS scores of 13-15, 8 had scores of 12-8, and 4 had scored 3-7. The diagnoses were as follows : 26 acute subdural hematomas, 8 acute epidural hematomas, 7 focal contusional hemorrhages, 13 subdural hygromas, and 4 traumatic intracerebral hematomas larger than 2 cm in diameter. Among them, two patients underwent craniotomy for hematoma removal. Four patients were victims of child abuse, and all of them had PTS. Fifty-five patients improved to good-to-moderate disability. Child abuse, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS in univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis found that the salient risk factor for a poor outcome was initial GCS on admission. Conclusion : The most common cause of traumatic head injury in individuals aged less than 24 months was falls, especially from household furniture. Child abuse, moderate to severe TBI, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS. Most of the patients recovered with good outcomes, and the risk factor for a poor outcome was initial mental status.
This study is an attempt to provide fundamental information on how to manage menstruation discomforts by surveying the subjective viewpoint s on menstruation from female college students. Utilizing 40 Q-samples in Seoul between May 1 and June 30, 2001, data has been collected from 30 randomized P-samples. Data analysis involves the PC QUANL Program, Q-factor analysis, and Principal Component Analysis. The result of the data analysis gives four types of categorizat ion as follows : The first is the "inconvenience-recognizing" type that includes 10 subjects out of 30. During menstruation, this type of subject usually complained of physical discomfort such as pain in the lower back and abdomen. Even though they considered menstruation to be troublesome, they did nothing about the in convenience. The second is the "positively-accepting" type that includes 7 subjects out of 30. This type of subject takes menstruation as natural and even a privilege for a woman. They think they are blessed to conceive a new life through their biological cycle. Therefore unlike other types, they rarely complained of any physical and psychological discomfort caused by menstruation. The third is the "destined course" type that includes 6 subjects out of 30. This type of subject endures the discomfort caused by menstruation with out any medication or medical treatment. They appeared to take menstruation a s fate without having any specially negative or positive attitude. The fourth is the "negatively-accepting" type that includes 7 out 30. This type of subject takes menstruation as negative, even if it is unavoidable for a woman. Menstruation, very negatively taken, felt uncomfortable and caused them to have pain in the lower back and abdomen and an oversensitive nervous system. The four types of attitude towards menstruation show their own characteristic features in dealing with menstruation. Understanding these features in detail will enhance nursing implementation which is related to menstruation. This study is intended to provide fundamental information with which nurses can deal with menstruation problems by investigating subjective viewpoints about menstruation. This study is a stepping stone on which further study on this subject can build to develop an effective and efficient way to deal with menstruation discomforts.
This study examines the contents and characteristics of 'Double First Class University Plan', which is conceived by Chinese government in 2015, following the current 211, 985 projects to develop comprehensively a group of elite Chinese universities and individual university departments into world class universities and disciplines by the end of 2050. For this study, we used the literature analysis method and collected various policy documents, research papers, newspapers and books published in China regarding this plan. First, this study looks at the development process, performance and limitations of 211, 985 projects. Second, it defines the concept of the world class university mentioned in China, and looks at the objectives and highlights of the plan. Finally, this study summarizes the characteristics of 'Double First Class University Plan' and the results such as focusing on the university's tradition and characteristic, cultivation and attraction of human resources, intensive financial support, and the introduction of a competitive system. Based on the results, this study proposes several implications such as establishing and implementing long-term and comprehensive higher education policies, inducing local government participation and support, focusing on fostering talents and developing disciplines, and putting emphasis on Korean characteristics in developing world class universities.
Kim, Kwang Yeon;Kim, Sae Yun;Park, Su Eun;Lee, Jina;Lee, Hyunju;Lee, Soyoung;Kim, Joong Gon
Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
/
v.25
no.3
/
pp.113-122
/
2018
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of children diagnosed as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) in Korea. Methods: Diagnosis was made based on clinical features and confirmed by a mutation in the cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome 1 (CIAS1) gene. Especially, osteocartilaginous overgrowth in the patella or distal femur was so characteristic that its presence warranted a diagnosis of chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular/NOMID. Results: We observed the clinical features of 9 Korean CAPS patients. All the patients suffered from an urticarial rash with recurrent fever. Among the 9 patients, 6 presented with rash and 4 with fever on the 1st or 2nd days of birth. Eight patients showed myalgia, and 7 patients showed arthralgia in the joints, and 6 patients showed radiologic findings of arthropathy including cupping of the metaphysis, excessive growth of the epiphysis, osteopenia or overgrowth of the cartilage. Four patients showed brain atrophy, enlarged ventricles or leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging. Intellectual disability was observed in 1 patient. Five patients had eye involvement as conjunctivitis, uveitis, chorioretinitis, avascular area or papillary edema, and 3 patients showed progressive hearing loss. All 9 patients showed increased C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Conclusions: All the patients carried a mutation on exon 3 of the CIAS1 gene. After the anakinra (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) therapy, the fever and rash immediately disappeared, and CRP and ESR were improved.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.