• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.165-182
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• 2022

This study focused on whether employees' perceived leader's creativity has a significant effect on employees' job satisfaction and innovative behavior. In addition, this study analyzed the mediating effect of positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy in the relationship between perceived leader creativity and employee satisfaction with the job or innovation behavior, and analyzed the moderated mediating effect of team cohesion. This study conducted confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis for each factor using the measurement tool verification method using the SmartPLS 3.0 structural equation model, and empirically analyzed the research model. As a result, it was found that the creativity of employees' perceived leaders did not directly significantly affect employees' job satisfaction and innovation behavior. However, it was found that positive psychological capital significantly mediated the relationship between perceived leader creativity and job satisfaction or innovative behavior. In addition, positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy have a complete double-mediation relationship between the employees' perceived leader's creativity and employees' innovative behavior. However, positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy don't have a double-mediation relationship between the employee's perceived leader's creativity and employees' job satisfaction. Finally, Team cohesion was found to moderate the relationship between perceived leader creativity, positive psychological capital (or creative self-efficacy). However, the research model that the moderated mediating effect of team cohesion on the relationship between leader's creativity, the mediating variables(positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy), and job satisfaction (or innovative behavior) was significant only for groups with high team cohesiveness. This study examined the needs of the times for the importance of creativity of perceived leaders and analyzed the relationship between factors influencing job satisfaction and innovation behavior of organizational members. The study is meaningful in that it suggested a plan to establish a specific organizational strategy to enhance positive psychological capital and creative self-efficacy.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 1992

The central tryptaminergic system has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of renal function: $5-HT_1$ receptor mediate diuresis and natriuresis, whereas both $5-HT_2$ and $5-HT_3$ mediate antidiuresis and antinatriuresis. Recently, $5-HT_1$ receptors are further subdivided into many subtypes, and central $5-HT_{1A}$ subtype was shown to mediate diuretic and natriuretic effects. The present study was undertaken to delineate the role of $5-HT_{1B}$ subtype. Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), a selective $5-HT_{1B}$ agonist in doses ranging from 8 to $750\;{\mu}g/kg$ icv elicited diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis in dose-dependent fashion, with the fractional excretion of filtered Na reaching 5.44% with $250\;{\mu}g/kg$ icv. The natriuresis outlasted the transient increases in renal hemodynamics, suggesting humoral mediation in the decreased tubular Na reabsorption. Plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide increased along with the natriuresis. Systemic blood pressure transiently increased. When given intravenously, no diuresis and natriuresis was elicited, indicating the central mechanism. The icv TFMPP effects were not significantly affected by icv methysergide, a nonselective $5-HT_1$ blocker. Both ketanserin and MDL 72222, selective $5-HT_2$ and $5-HT_3$ antagonists, resp., did not abolish the TFMPP effects. Nor did NAN-190, $5-HT_{1A}$ blocker, affect the TFMPP effects. These observations suggest that central $5-HT_{1B}$ receptors may play a role in the central regulation of renal function by exerting diuretic and natriuretic influences, mainly through natriuretic factors.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-137
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• 2019

In young entrepreneurs, the individual situation of opportunity discovery is very important. It is very important that the opportunities that are created for a particular individual entrepreneur are also recognized and assessed through the process. The need for the development of entrepreneurial opportunity competencies, which have a low proportion of opportunistic entrepreneurship, is low in the entrepreneurship education. In particular, young entrepreneurs are in desperate need of opportunistic entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurship motivation on entrepreneurial opportunity competence, using entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurship orientation as mediation variables for preliminary young entrepreneurs (19-39 old). In the case of young entrepreneurs, there is a tendency to study entrepreneurship policies and education through the system of youth entrepreneurship schools, mainly on college students and youths, and on the effects of institutional support on entrepreneurship. There is little research on the effect of a entrepreneurial motivation on the entrepreneurial opportunity competence needed to promote an entrepreneurial venture in a model with multiple mediators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of start - up motivation on the entrepreneurial opportunity competence. To do this we analyzed 374 questionnaires collected from preliminary young entrepreneurs in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. The results of the analysis using SPSS v22.0 and Process macro v3.0 showed that the motivation of start - up had a significant effect on both opportunity recognition and opportunity evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunity competence. Second, motivation of entrepreneurs has a significant effect on entrepreneurial efficacy. Third, entrepreneurial efficacy has a significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation. Fourth, entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on entrepreneurial opportunity competence. Fifth, there is a significant indirect effect between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition when passing through entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation at the same time, But indirect effects was insignificant when only entrepreneurship efficacy is passed. There is a significant indirect effect on all mediators between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial opportunity valuation. It is suggested that strengthening education on entrepreneurship is necessary to cultivate awareness of entrepreneurship opportunities and strengthening education on both entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurship is necessary to cultivate evaluation of entrepreneurship opportunities by type of entrepreneurial motivation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 2021

The question of why do you want to start a "start?" Is the most basic step in trying to do something. In other words, previous studies have shown that the degree of confidence in an individual's decision affects the setting of a specific purpose. Based on this, this study aims to provide basic data for deriving the direction of entrepreneurship education in college students by analyzing the effects of goal-oriented behavioral model on college students' self-determination and intention to start a business through the 5 factor model. To achieve the purpose of the study, a self-report questionnaire was conducted from October 01 to November 11, 2019 for university students attending located in Gyeonggi-do, Seoul. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, and 125 parts were used for the final analysis, except 25 parts with insincere responses or errors. Data were analyzed using SPSS Win 24, and reliability, validity analysis, frequency analysis, One-way ANOVA and regression analysis were performed, and three-step regression analysis and Sobel verification were performed for mediating effects. The summary of the study is as follows. First, the influence of university students' goal-oriented behavioral model on self-determination showed that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls had statistically significant positive effects, and positive and negative expectations were statistically significant. Did not affect. Therefore, the higher the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, the higher the university students' self-determination. Second, the influence of college students' goal-oriented behavioral model on the intention to start a business was as follows.). As a result, the higher the perceived behavioral control and positive expectation, the higher the intention to start up. Third, regression model 1 showed that the behavioral control and positive expectation sentiment among the goal-oriented behavioral model had a significant positive influence on the college students' intention to start a business. Affected. Regression model II added the parameters of the 5 factor model, which increased 2.5% of explanatory power than the first regression model. Perceived behavioral control and positive expectations had a statistically significant positive effect, negative expectations had a statistically significant negative effect, and among the 5 factor model, openness had a statistically significant positive (+) Affected. From these results, it can be seen that the Big Five personality factors have a mediating effect on the relationship between goal-oriented behavior model and intention to start up. This study confirmed that the goal-oriented behavioral model of college students is an important variable in implementing self-determination and intention to start a business. In addition, by using his Big 5 personality factors as positive feedback, he has proved to play an important role by identifying the mediation role that can be set, planned and utilized to plan and achieve his life. The result of this study is that college students are interested in the intention of individual start-ups, so they are not freed from difficult employment difficulties. It is intended to provide basic data useful in the age of creation of government.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.85-102
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of toddler's emotionality and mother's reaction to their child's negative emotions of social-emotional behaviors of toddlers. The subjects were 141 mothers and toddlers ranging in age from 18 to 36 months. Instruments used in this study were: 1) Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire(ECBQ)(Rothbart, 1994), 2) Coping with Toddlers' Negative Emotions Scale(CTNES)(Eisenberg et al., 1996), and 3)Brief Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assesment(BITSEA)(Carter et al., 2006). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of this study show that toddler's emotionality and the mother's negative reaction to their child's negative emotions were related to the social-emotional behaviors of toddler. Also, mother's reaction to their child's negative emotions have mediation effects between toddler's emotionality and social-emotional behaviors. Specifically, toddler's emotionality has a partial mediating effect on social-emotional behaviors through mother's supportive reaction to their child's negative emotions. Additionally it was also determined that the toddler's emotionality has a complete mediating effect on the relationship between mother's unsupportive reaction to their child's negative emotions and the social-emotional behaviors of toddler. Theses results support the notion that mother's character as well as child's personality at birth are critical predictors which could impact social-emotional behaviors of toddler.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.191-208
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among beginning early childhood teachers' stress coping strategies, role performance, and self leadership. The subjects in this study were 491 beginning early childhood teachers working in kindergarten and child care centers across the country. Stress coping strategies questionnaire(Chang-Soon Park, 2005) and role performance questionnaire(Bog-Mae Park, 2011), and self-leadership questionnaire(Dong-Hyen Park,2014) were used for this study. For the research analysis, frequency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, and Pearson's correlation were calculated and regression analysis were conducted. The results are as follows. Firstly, it was revealed that passive stress coping strategies does not have statistically meaningful influences on role performance, but active stress coping strategies have statistically meaningful positive influences on role performance. Also, 491 beginning early childhood teachers' active stress coping strategies have statistically meaningful positive influences on role performance through the mediation of self leadership. That is, the results explain that the higher the self-leadership of beginning early childhood teachers is, the higher the role performance that they have experienced is. It shows that beginning early childhood teachers'self leadership mediates partially between active stress coping strategies and role performance. Through this study, it is possible to provide basic information to configure the subject content that enhance their self-leadership and develop active stress coping attitudes in a curriculum for beginning early childhood teachers.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.151-168
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• 2017

Current research aimed to demonstrate a way to enhance the aesthetic experience of the general public while appreciating contemporary art via online platform. Contemporary art is highly complicated and are avoided by the general public. Meanwhile, previous research confirmed that external information can lead to better aesthetic experience and appreciation of the artwork. Therefore, current research hypothesized that provision of explicit information may enhance the appreciation of contemporary artworks and aimed to demonstrate which phase of the cognitive process from Leder et al. (2004) profits from the aid of written information. Experimental environment reproduced online curating platform to reflect the current trend on exhibition. In experiment 1, subjects were presented with written information and reported how well they understood the artwork, and their willingness to visit the artwork in real life. Results revealed that written information had a positive effect on overall appreciation. Further analysis discovered a full mediation between information comprehension, artwork comprehension, and willingness to visit. In experiment 2, ARS questions and an interactive interface were added. Results indicated that information enhanced comprehension and intention to visit the artwork. Expertise, self-reference, and artistic quality which belong to later stages of Leder et al. (2004) model, acquired higher scores on information conditions. In sum, the current research illustrated clear effects of explicit information in inducing better aesthetic experience and cognitive process of contemporary artworks in online environment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2004

Objective : Physiological evidence regarding acupuncture's effect in human patients is not yet well established, despite considerable evidence for its therapeutic efficacy. Besides target or disease specificity of acupuncture, acupuncture analgesia (AA) appears to be another large subclass that poses many questions, such as whether there is point specificity with respect to which acupoint is most effective for a particular condition. Methods : We observed brain activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a set of stimuli that consist of pain, pain following Meridian acupuncture, and pain following Sham acupuncture. Results : Among the new observations, the most interesting fact is that data sets of both Meridian acupuncture and Sham acupuncture show decreased activation of the same brain areas related to the pain processing signals. Present functional MRI study demonstrate two important biological observations that could elucidate AA mechanism in human participants: the effects of acupuncture occur through mediation of the higher brain areas. Sham acupuncture stimulation appears to be almost as effective as traditional Meridian acupoint stimulation, suggesting that acupuncture is not entirely point specific. Decreased activation in the limbic paleo cortical areas appears to be the probable neurological manifestation of AA and strongly implies that acupuncture stimulation inhibits the transmission of ascending pain signals to the higher cortical areas by the previously known descending pain inhibitory circuit. Conclusion : We, therefore, a hypothesized that this pain inhibitory circuit is initiated and mediated via the broad sense Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal (BS HPA) axis in conjunction to the "sensory stimulation."

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2015

Recently, Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) is essential firm activity to establish favorable firm true and sustainability management. However, there has been a controversy over the relationship between CSR and financial performance, also, it has been a little research that investigate relationship between CSR, firm reputation in firm level and firm true, firm loyalty in financial institution. This paper investigate empirically relationship between CSR activities, firm reputation and firm loyalty, moderating effect of firm true on the relationship between CSR activities, firm reputation and firm loyalty. Results were computed using SPSS 20.0 statistical analysis programs. The results are summarized as follows. First, The elements of CSR activities are divided into four factor, such as economic, ethical, consumer protection and environmental responsibilities. In the results of the analyses, consumer protection responsibility, economic reliability and business management skill positive affects the reliability of firm. Second, testing its mediating role, I use the three regression equation models by Baron and Kenny. When the mediator effect of firm true on firm loyalty was represented, the effect of CSR and firm reputation was statistically significant or diminished. Thus, the mediating role of firm true was supported. It means the higher the CSR and corporation reputation activities are, the higher the firm true is, further the higher level of firm true can enhance firm loyalty.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.7-28
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• 2013

In Korea, the size of the private security industry has grown rapidly since the enactment of the Security Business Act in 1976. Unfortunately, the quantitative development has not been accompanied by the comparable qualities, and this shortcoming can be attributed to different unethical incidents caused by the private security officers. This study examined the causal relationship between the organizational characteristics according to the organizational ethics and the organizational citizenship behavior to provide suggestions to promote the ethics of the private security officers, and ultimately play the role of a theoretical foundation for the qualitative advancement of the industry. Private security officers in Seoul and the Gyeonggi province in Korea were studied by using the purposive sampling method and the following results were obtained. First, except for the altruism factor, the levels of organizational ethics perceptions and organizational citizenship behavior of the subjects were relatively high. Moreover, organizational characteristics had a positive partial effect on organizational ethics and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, organizational ethics partially affected organizational citizenship behavior in a positive way, and organizational ethics had a partial mediation effect between organizational characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior. With the results of the analyses, development and management of the ethics training and programs and promoting the ethics among the executives were recommended as a future direction.