• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2022

PURPOSE. A large number of studies have suggested the practicability and predictability of immediate implant function, but few studies have reported marginal bone level changes during sequential loading periods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal bone remodeling of immediately loaded self-tapping implants both at each time point and during each loading period between two time points. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The patients included in this retrospective study were treated with immediately loaded NobelSpeedy Replace implants between August 2008 and July 2009. Differences in the marginal bone level (MBL) at each time point and the marginal bone level change (ΔMBL) between two time points were analyzed with Bonferroni correction (P < .05). RESULTS. Overall, 24 patients (mean age, 47.3 ± 12.8 years) with 42 immediately loaded implants and a median follow-up of 6.5 years (IQR, 67.8 months) were included. The cumulative survival rate after 10 - 12 years was 95.2%. Continuous but slow marginal bone loss was observed during long-term follow-up. MBL at both 7.5 years and 11 years was significantly lower than that at loading, 6 months, 2 years and 4 years (P < .05). No bone loss difference was found in any period before 4 years of follow up (P > .05). The loading period of 4 years to 7.5 years showed the largest ΔMBL compared to those of other time periods (P < .05). CONCLUSION. Slight bone loss occurred continuously, and more radical changes of marginal bone can be observed during the period of 4-7.5 years. Thus, long-term effective follow-up of immediately loaded implants is needed.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) neurography using the 3-dimensional double-echo steady-state with water excitation (3D-DESS-WE) sequence for the preoperative delineation of the facial and lingual nerves. Materials and Methods: Patients underwent MR neurography for a tumor in the parotid gland area or lingual neuropathy from January 2020 to December 2021 were reviewed. Preoperative MR neurography using the 3D-DESS-WE sequence was evaluated. The visibility of the facial nerve and lingual nerve was scored on a 5-point scale, with poor visibility as 1 point and excellent as 5 points. The facial nerve course relative to the tumor was identified as superficial, deep, or encased. This was compared to the actual nerve course identified during surgery. The operative findings in lingual nerve surgery were also described. Results: Ten patients with parotid tumors and 3 patients with lingual neuropathy were included. Among 10 parotid tumor patients, 8 were diagnosed with benign tumors and 2 with malignant tumors. The median facial nerve visibility score was 4.5 points. The distribution of scores was as follows: 5 points in 5 cases, 4 points in 1 case, 3 points in 2 cases, and 2 points in 2 cases. The lingual nerve continuity score in the affected area was lower than in the unaffected area in all 3 patients. The average visibility score of the lingual nerve was 2.67 on the affected side and 4 on the unaffected side. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the preoperative localization of the facial and lingual nerves using MR neurography with the 3D-DESS-WE sequence was feasible and contributed to surgical planning for the parotid area and lingual nerve.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2022

Background: Ketamine is widely used in infants and young children for procedural sedation and anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose oral ketamine to control pain and distress in children during intravenous (IV) cannulation. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, including children aged between 3 and 6 years requiring a non-emergent IV-line placement. Children were randomly assigned to two groups, treated either with oral ketamine or a placebo. All patients were monitored for vital signs. Pain was assessed using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFS) scales and sedation using a 5-point sedation score. The facility of IV-line placement was measured by a 3-point scale. Adverse effects were recorded after 1 and 24 hours. Results: A total of 79 and 81 children were entered in the ketamine and placebo groups, respectively. The heart and respiratory rates increased significantly in the placebo group. The median CHEOPS 4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3, 4, P < 0.001) and WBFS 6 (95% CI: 4, 6, P < 0.001) scores decreased statistically in the ketamine group. IV-line placement was 50% easier in the ketamine group (95% CI: 37%, 63%, P < 0.001). No serious adverse effects were observed in all cases. Conclusions: Low dose oral ketamine effectively decreased the pain and distress during IV cannulation in children without any significant adverse reactions.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop a case study protocol to complete final version of Korean medicine clinical pathway (CP) by applying Korean medicine CP based on carpal tunnel syndrome Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines developed by clinical experts to clinical field. Methods After applying previously developed CP, 10-point Likert scale questionnaires on satisfaction of CP, appropriateness and improvement on out patient department (OPD) treatments are carried out in the 2^nd week of OPD treatment. An open-ended questionnaire is also carried out to ask if there is any requirement to be added or improved among CP interventions. Results Final version of CP is going to be completed based on the questionnaire, excluding articles of which average or median value is less than 5 from 10-point Likert scale. Conclusions This evidence-based case study protocol is expected to contribute development of carpal tunnel syndrome clinical pathway.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2019

Objective: This study evaluated the feasibility of ultrasound-guided lumbar nerve root block (LNRB) and S1 nerve root block by identifying spread patterns via fluoroscopy in cadavers. Method: A total of 48 ultrasound-guided injections were performed in 4 fresh cadavers from L1 to S1 roots. The target point of LNRB was the midpoint between the lower border of the transverse process and the facet joint at each level. The target point of S1 nerve root block was the S1 foramen, which can be visualized between the median sacral crest and the posterior superior iliac spine, below the L5-S1 facet joint. The injection was performed via an in-plane approach under real-time axial view ultrasound guidance. Fluoroscopic validation was performed after the injection of 2 cc of contrast agent. Results: The needle placements were correct in all injections. Fluoroscopy confirmed an intra-foraminal contrast spreading pattern following 41 of the 48 injections (85.4%). The other 7 injections (14.6%) yielded typical neurograms, but also resulted in extra-foraminal patterns that occurred evenly in each nerve root, including S1. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided injection may be an option for the delivery of injectate into the S1 nerve root, as well as lumbar nerve root area.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.789-792
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• 2003

Pipe inspection has a great importance to ensure safety for the nuclear power plant. In this paper, we designed visual inspection module for the tube internal, which diameter is 15${\sim}$20mm. And we made inspection module which consisted of CCD camera and light. And the relation between image and real world coordinate is established. Image processing is performed to calculate mapping parameter and analyze the size of defect. For the calculation of mapping parameter, experiment is performed using grid type test pattern. Acquired image is processed to extract image coordinate. Edge detection, thresholding, median filtering and morphology filtering is applied to extract grid pattern. Extracted image coordinate is used to calculate image to real world mapping. Lens distortion was considered and corrected to get exact data. Coordinate transformation data is provided for the users to recognize easily. Experiment was performed using grid type test pattern, we extracted lens distortion parameter and real coordinate of defect point. Radial distortion of lens was corrected but tangential distortion was not considered. As continuum to this study, the tangential distortion of lens is considered and improvement of analy zing technique for the tube internal be explored continuously.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2007

Electro-rheological(ER) fluid and valve are fabricated and evaluated experimentally in its durability to utilize the hydraulic control systems for long term operation. The two-ports ER valve used in the experiment consist of twelve parallel multi-layer electrodes and provide a restriction to the passage of ER fluid because of the viscous pressure drop and a component induced by the electric field. The durability test of ER valve are performed by measuring the surface roughness of electrodes with variation of an electric field strength and test time(1000 or 1800min.). Also, the shear stress and shear rate are measured to evaluate the durability of ER fluid as function of time. After durability test, ER shear stress increases approximately proportional to the shear rate with applied electric field intensity, In the ER valve, the center line average height roughness(Ra) of copper electrode increases about 1.56 times and ten-point median height roughness(Rz) increases about 2.2 times after the durability test. An understanding of these durability is essential to predicting the service life of ER fluid and valves.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to research high school students’ practical awareness about the contents(classify them into four units. choice and dressing of clothes. textile and management of clothes. design and sewing of clothes. knitting and embroidery) clothing and textiles education in their real life. This is the investigation of which 576 high school students located in Choongchungnam$.$bukdo. Junrabukdo, Daeseon. In this statistical analysis. SPSS 10.0 for Windows Program was utilized to calculate percentage. mean and standard deviation. Also. these materials were verified by t-test. One-way Anova . Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The main results of obtained this study are as follows High school students’ practical awareness about the contents of clothing and textiles education in their real life appears to be low(only 9 items were over median point of 3.0). There was a significant difference in Practical awareness of contents of clothing and textiles education according to demographic variables. and correlation of variables differed significantly. These results should be provide fundamental information for improving students’ practical practice in their real life Since this study has touched only limited research on the topic of clothing and textiles education. it is essential that further research covering a wider array of themes be done in the future.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2001

19명의 건강한 성인 남자의 우세팔쪽 위팔두갈래근에서 피로가 생길 때까지 2.4초를 하나의 주기로 팔꿉을 반복적 등장성으로 굽히고 펴서 표면근전도 신호를 얻었다. 처리과정 A 중앙주파수(MDF )는 이 신호의 0.5초 구간을 power spectrum analy sis (PSA)로 계산하였는데 상당량의 잡음이 있었다. 중앙주파수의 잡음 양을 비교하기 위해, 동일한 표면근전도에서 3번까지 신호를 받았다 (2.4초 구간을 PSA로 계산한 처리과정 B, 13 point 로 moving averages한 처리과정 C, digital low pass filter한 처리과정 D). 그리고 나서 그 신호의 주요 주파수 성분을 뽑아내었다. 위의 중앙주파수 자료와 시간간의 회귀직선을 분석하면 초기 중앙주파수, 회귀기울기, 그리고 피로지수와 같은 모수를 얻을 수 있다. 비모수 검정의 하나인 Kendall 기법으로 네 개의 처리과정간의 모수를 비교하였다. 통계결과 잡음이 처리과정 A보다 B, C, D에서 적었고, D에서 가장 적게 나타났다. 중앙주파수를 digital low pass로 여과(filtering)함으로써 앞으로 있게 될 동적 운동 시 근피로 모니터기의 신뢰도를 높일 수 있다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.66.1-66.1
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• 2016

We developed an observation control software for the IGRINS (Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph) silt-viewing camera module, which points the astronomical target onto the spectroscopy slit and sends tracking feedbacks to the telescope control system. The point spread function (PSF) is not always symmetric. In addition, bright targets are easily saturated and shown as a donut shape. It is not trivial to define and find the center of the asymmetric PSF especially on a slit mask. We made a center balancing algorithm (CBA) following the concept of median. The CBA derives the expected center position along the slit-width axis by referencing the stray flux ratios of both upper and lower sides of the slit. We compared efficiencies of the CBA and those of a two-dimensional Gaussian fitting (2DGA) through simulations from observation images in order to evaluate the center finding algorithms. Both of the algorithms are now applied in observation and users can select the algorithm.