• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.7-13
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• 2020

This paper focuses on detecting abnormal patterns of respiration of humans. In this study, a contact-based device was used to acquire both normal and abnormal respiration signals. To this end, this paper reports the development of a monitoring system to investigate the respiratory status of humans in a normal environment. This work aims to classify the respiratory status, i.e., normal and abnormal status, quantitatively. The respiration signal is acquired using a contact-based medical device (BIOBPAC), and noise reduction is carried out before classifying the respiratory status. To reduce noise, a mixed filter that combines the Savitzky-Golay filter and Median filter is applied to the acquired respiration signals. The inter-class distance is maximized, and the intra-class distance is minimized. The proposed algorithm is straightforward and can be applied to a practical environment. In addition, the experimental results are provided to substantiate the proposed approach.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

When a virtual sound source for 3D auditory system is reproduced by a linear loudspeaker array, listeners can perceive not only the direction of the source, but also its distance. Control over perceived distance has often been implemented via the adjustment of various acoustic parameters, such as loudness, spectrum change, and the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio; however, there is a neglected yet powerful cue to the distance of a nearby virtual sound source that can be manipulated for sources that are positioned away from the listener's median plane. This paper address the problem of generating binaural signals for moving sources in closed or in open environments. The proposed perceptual enhancement algorithm composed of three main parts is developed: propagation, reverberation and the effect of the head, torso and pinna. For propagation the effect of attenuation due to distance and molecular air-absorption is considered. Related to the interaction of sounds with the environment, especially in closed environments is reverberation. The effects of the head, torso and pinna on signals that arrive at the listener are also objectives of the consideration. The set of HRTF that have been used to simulate the virtual sound source environment for 3D auditory system. Special attention has been given to the modelling and interpolation of HRTFs for the generation of new transfer functions and definition of trajectories, definition of closed environment, etc. also be considered for their inclusion in the program to achieve realistic binaural renderings. The evaluation is implemented in MATLAB.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

We propose a method for improving detection speed of small target detection system using SAD algorithm. First, the proposed method deletes clutters using a median filter. Next, it does closing and opening operation using various size of structure elements, and extracts candidate pixels for a target with subtraction operation between the results of closing and opening operation. It finally detects a small target using a gaussian distance function from the candidate pixels. To improve detection speed, it detects a target performing SAD algorithm only for the predicted target areas for next every 7 frames. The proposed method not only enables a real time process because it considers only predicted area but also shows detecting rate of 97%.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2015

This research mainly focuses on intonational characteristics of synchronous English speech. Intonation contours were extracted from 1,848 utterances produced in two different speaking modes (solo vs. synchronous) by 28 (12 women and 16 men) native speakers of English. Synchronous speech is found to be slower than solo speech. Women are found to speak slower than men. The effect size of speech rate caused by different speaking modes is greater than gender differences. However, there is no interaction between the two factors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of speech rate. Analysis of pitch point features has it that synchronous speech has smaller Pt (pitch point movement time), Pr (pitch point pitch range), Ps (pitch point slope) and Pd (pitch point distance) than solo speech. There is no interaction between the two factors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of pitch point features. Analysis of sentence level features reveals that synchronous speech has smaller Sr (sentence level pitch range), Ss (sentence slope), MaxNr (normalized maximum pitch) and MinNr (normalized minimum pitch) but greater Min (minimum pitch) and Sd (sentence duration) than solo speech. It is also shown that the higher the Mid (median pitch), the MaxNr and the MinNr in solo speaking mode, the more they are reduced in synchronous speaking mode. Max, Min and Mid show greater speaker discriminability than other features.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.1 s.85
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• pp.159-167
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the evaluation of regional antagonism in children and adolescents in Youngnam and Honam region. There were 684 subjects included in this study from three ages in the Youngnam and Honam regions: 12.8 years(6th grade, n=208), 14.8 years(8th grade, n=211), and 16.9 years(10th grade, n=265). Of the 684 subject, 357(53.3%) were boys and 327(47.8%) were girls. The instruments consisted of subjects' self-reported social distance, stereotype, and prejudice. The data were analyzed by frequencies, t-test, one-way ANOVA and the $Scheff\'{e}$ test. Major findings were as follows: The mean score of the out-group stereotype was greater than the median, so the in-group preference was greater than the out-group exclusion. The in-group stereotype was different based on the age and the sex. The 6th and 8th graders and the boys were higher than 10th and the girls. The prejudice was different based on the lesion. The social distance was different based on the age and the region.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of midsole hardness of running shoe on muscle fatigue and impact force during distance running. Method: Ten healthy college recreational runners who were performing distance running at least three times a week participated in this experiment. They were asked to run for 15 minutes in the treadmill at 10 km/h with running shoes having three different types of midsole hardness (Soft, Medium, Hard). EMG signal and insole pressure were collected during the first and last one minute for each running trials. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Results: Midsole hardness did not affect the consistency of stride length. For the median frequency of the EMG signal, only VL was affected by midsole hardness; that of medium was greater than other midsoles (p<.05). The loading rate of impact forces increased by midsole hardness (p<.01). Conclusion: Although soft midsole could attenuate impact forces at heel contact, it might have a negative effect on the fatigue of muscle which could decelerate the body after heel contact. Therefore, it is necessary to select the optimum hardness of midsole carefully for both reduction impact forces and muscle fatigue.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2022

The seven oligonucleotides primers were consumed to produce the quantity of unique loci shared to each pen shell team (ULSEPT) and quantity of loci shared by the binary pen shell teams. 154 quantities of LSBPP, with a mediocre of 22.0 per primer, were noticed in the binary pen shell (Atrina pectinata) teams. 328 fragments were recognized in the pen shell team A (PSTA), and 257 in the pen shell team B (PSTB): 77 quantities of ULSEPT (23.48%) in the PSTA and 121 (47.08%) in the PSTB. The band-sharing amount (BS amount) between entity's no. 01 and no. 05 was the highest (0.884) between the binary PSTs. The median band-sharing amount of entities in the PSTA (0.685±0.011) was higher than in those invented from the PSTB (0.640±0.009) (p<0.05). The highest genetic distance presenting substantial molecular difference was between entities PECTINATA no. 06 and PECTINATA no. 04 (0.498). Through this study, it is possible a certain degree to contribute to increasing the cultivation of pen shells, conservation of species, protection of the natural environment, and preservation of ecosystems.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.5 s.118
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• pp.389-394
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• 2006

The characteristic of moisture absorption of granular fertilizer was measured at several different opening sizes on the top cover of a hopper in a humid weather. The size of the opening was to represent the degree of looseness of sealing of the top cover of the hopper. The application distribution was characterized by the scattering distance of granular fertilizer with different degree of moisture absorption in a pneumatic granular fertilizer applicator. The moisture absorption rates were 12.92 and 12.26 mg of moisture an hour for one gram of each granular fertilizers of NPK 22-12-12 and 21-17-17, respectively. The moisture absorption increased linearly as the opening size increased. The median value of the scattering distance distribution decreased with time of absorption, however, it decreased very slowly after three hours of absorption.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2006

Purpose: The way in which the resection margin distance for gastric cancer patients who undergo a gastric resection influences the recurrence rate, aspects of recurrence, and the prognosis according to the characteristic of the tumor is not known. We aim to find a standard for tailor-made treatment after selecting patients in this point of view who need a more sufficient resection margin. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done on 1,472 patients who underwent a gastrectomy due to gastric cancer at our hospital from 1992 to 2005. The median follow-up period was 37 months. Results: There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate, the aspects of recurrence, and the 5-year survival rate between early gastric cancer (EGC) patients with a resection margin distance of less than 2 cm compared with EGC patients with a resection margin distance of greater than 2 cm. However, significant differences in the survival rate were found in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients when the patients were classified into groups with resection margin distances less than or greater than 3 cm (P=0.02). Significant differences were noted especially in cases of diffuse histologic-type tumors located in the lower third of the stomach and in cases with Borrmann type-3 and -4 tumors. Conclusion: The distance between the tumor resection margin and the proximal gastric resection margin has no significant influence on the survival rate in EGC patients if the resection margin is negative. However, to improve a patient's survival rate, it is important to guarantee a resection margin of more than 3 cm in AGC patients, especially when the tumor is a diffuse histologic type located in the lower third of the stomach or a Borrmann type 3 and 4.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 1981

This paper considers a facility moving along a route of straight line to serve several facilities in xy plane. A route is obtained which minimizes the objective function expressed in terms of average rectilinear distance between the service facility and facilities to he served. The forms of the objective functions can be classified into several cases according to the initial and end points of the routes. In some cases, as in the problem of optimal location of new facility, the cordinates of the optimal routes are median of the cordinates of facilities to be served. In others, the optimal routes are obtained after examining the values of objective functions on the boundaries of slopes and intercepts. An overall optimal route is obtained by comparing these routes. The entire procedure has been programmed in BASIC language, and several case examples are given.