• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-78
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• 2023

During bone tumor resection, many cases require medial malleolar osteotomy to achieve adequate access to the operative field. Various osteotomy methods have been developed to address this issue, including oblique, transverse, reverse V-shape, and step-cut osteotomies. However, medial malleolar osteotomy has several drawbacks, such as the excessive disruption of the joint surface, unstable screw fixation when fixing the medial malleolus, and iatrogenic medial ankle joint arthritis due to articular displacement during the reduction of the osteotomy site. In addition, there is a possibility of injury to the posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, or posterior tibialis tendon if the osteotomy range is too aggressive. Therefore, the authors propose a new osteotomy method, which has shown promising clinical results, namely, partial posterior medial malleolar osteotomy. This method minimizes articular involvement and provides adequate access to the operative field during talar body bone tumor resection.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.401-408
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• 1989

This study was conducted to investigate whether an electrical stimulation of medial amygdaloid nucleus in rats increases pancreatic secretion. And an involvement of vagus nerve or plasma secretin in this process was also studied. In fasting rats anesthetized with urethane, a monopolar stainless steel electrode was stereotaxically inserted into the right medial amygdaloid nucleus. Pancreatic juice was collected for 20 minutes, during which physiological saline or 0.01 N HCI (0.18 ml/min) was perfused into the duodenum with or without bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. In the medial amygdaloid group, an electrical stimulation was continuously applied to the medial amygdaloid nucleus during the perfusion period. After collection of pancreatic juice, blood was drawn from the abdominal aorta for determination of the plasma secretin level. The results were as follows: 1) The electrical stimulaion of the medial amygdaloid nucleus did not influence the pancreatic secretion in response to intraduodenal saline perfusion. 2) The stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus significantly increased the pancreatic secretory response (volume, bicarbonate output) to the intraduodenal 0.01 N HCI perfusion, and the increases were abolished by vagotomy. 3) The plasma secretin concentration after the intraduodenal 0.01 N HCI perfusion was higher than that after the saline perfusion. However, neither the electrical stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus nor vagotomy affected the plasma secretin concentration during the intraduodenal perfusion with saline or 0.01 N HCI. It is, therefore, suggested that the medial amygdaloid nucleus facilitates the pancreatic secretion (volume, bicarbonate) elicited by intraduodenal HCI perfusion through the vagus nerve.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.393-399
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• 1989

Sixty-seven conscious rats prepared with chronic gastric fistula were studied to examine the effect of vagotomy on gastric secretory responses to medial amygdaloid stimulation. Gastric acid output was significantly increased by electrical stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus, and the increases in acid secretion were completely eliminated by vagotomy. However, in rats subjected to stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus plus vagotomy, acid output was almost same as that in only vagotomized rats. And vagotomy itself decreased the acid secretion significantly. These results indicate that the influence of electrical stimulaton of the medial amygdaloid nucleus on acid secretion is carried largely via vagus nerves. And also, without electrical stimulation of medial amygdaloid nucleus, acid secretion is controlled by way of vagus in rats. Plasma gastrin concentrations were measured following stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus. Plasma levels of gastrin were not significantly altered by stimulation of the medial amygdaloid nucleus with or without vagotomy. It is therefore inferred from the above results that the facilitatory influence of the medial amygdaloid nucleus on the gastric acid secretion is mediated chiefly via vagal activity and that gastrin is not responsible for the increase in acid secretion in this process.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.242-246
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• 2000

Radiofrequency medial branch neurotomy is an effective way of controlling pain in the posterior compartment of the spine such as the facet joint, and the interspinous ligament. However, it is difficult to determine the exact location of the medial branch. Up until now we have relied on sensory response provoked by 50 Hz stimulation. The responses elicited using this method are quite subjective and can originate from sources other than the medial branch such as the periosteum, the intermediate or lateral branch. We need a confirmed indicator to locate the medial branch reliably. We applied 2 Hz stimulation under 0.4 volts to locate the medial branch and elicited a motor response. Twitching of multifidus and muscles around the SI joint was observed. The observation of these muscles provides a much more reliable method for confirmation of the medial branch. We have treated 45 chronic nonspecific low back pain patients using radiofrequency medial branch neurotomy with this method of confirming the medial branch.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of medial amygdala on the gastric acid secretion and plasma gastrin concentration in the rats with chronic gastric fistula. After the medial nucleus of amygdala was damaged bilaterally by radiofrequency a. c. through stereotaxically inserted electrodes, the gastric juice was collected in the basal and histamine-stimulated states for 1 hour. The gastric juice was also collected while the medial nucleus of amygdala was stimulated with biphasic square wave in the both states. After the collection of the gastric juice, blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta for the radioimmunoassay of plasma gastrin. The results were as follows: 1) The damage of the medial amygdala significantly decreased the gastric juice volume and the acid output in the histamine-stimulated state. 2) The electrical stimulation of the medial amygdala significantly increased the gastric juice volume and the acid output in the histamine-stimulated state, and the acid output in the basal state. 3) The damage of the medial amygdala significantly decreased the plasma gastrin concentration but the electrical stimulation of the medial amygdala did not affect the plasma gastrin concentration. It is therefore suggested that the medial amygdala has a facilitatory influence on the histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats, and the influence may not be attributed to gastrin release.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2002

Purpose : Plantar surfaces, calcaneal area, and region of Achilles insertion, which are extremely related with weight-bearing area and shoes application, must be reconstructed with glabrous and strong fibrous skin. Numerous methods of reconstructing defects of these regions have been advocated, but the transfer of similar local tissue as a cutaneous flap with preservation of sensory potential would best serve the functional needs of the weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing surfaces of this region. Therefore it is recommended to use the limited skin of medial surface of foot that is similar to plantar region and non-weight-bearing area. In this paper we performed the medial plantar flap transfered as a fasciocutaneous island as one alterative for moderate-sized defects of the plantar forefoot, plantar heel, and area around the ankle in 25 cases and report the result, availability and problem of medial plantar flap. Materials and methods : We performed proximally based medial plantar flap in 22 cases and reverse flow island flap in 3 cases. Average age was $36.5(4{\sim}70)$ years and female was 3 cases. The causes of soft tissue defect were crushing injury on foot 4 cases, small bony exposure at lower leg 1 case, posterior heel defect with exposure of calcaneus 8 cases, severe sore at heel 2 cases, skin necrosis after trauma on posterior foot 4 cases, and defect on insertion area of Achilles tendon 6cases. Average follow up duration was 1.8(7 months-9.5 years) years. Results: Medial plantar flaps was successful in 22 patients. 18 patients preserved cutaneous branches of medial plantar nerve had sensation on transfered flap but diminished sensation or dysesthesia. At the follow up, we found there were no skin ulceration, recurrence of defect or skin breakdown in all 18 patients. But there was one case which occurred skin ulceration postoperatively among another 4 cases not contained medial plantar nerve. At the last follow up, all patients complained diminished sensation and paresthesia at medial plantar area distally to donor site, expecially with 4 patients having severe pain and discomfort during long-time walking. Conclusion : Medial plantar island flap based on medial plantar neurovascualr pedicle have low failure rate with strong fibrous skin and preserve sensibility of flap, so that it is useful method to reconstruct the skin and soft tissue defect of foot. But it should be emphasized that there are some complications such like pain and paresthesia by neuropraxia or injury of medial plantar nerve at more distal area than donor site. We may consider that medial plantar flap have limited flap size and small arc of rotation, and require skin graft closure of the donor defect and must chose this flap deliberately.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.146-148
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• 2017

Concurrent injury of medial malleolus and deltoid ligament is difficult to occur considering the injury mechanism. When the concurrent injury comes about, the deltoid ligament injury could be missed and it may lead to medial ankle instability. There are few reported cases of the concurrent injury and domestic case of concurrent failure of both structures over the medial side has been reported just once; however, the injury mechanism is different from this case. The authors report a case of medial malleolus fracture with deltoid ligament rupture following pronation injury with a review of necessity of repairing deltoid ligament for ankle stability.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2013

Root tear of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus can occur from trauma or chronic degeneration, leading to meniscus extrusion, articular cartilage loss, osteophyte formation, and medial joint space narrowing. It is common on middle age with or without minor trauma. We experienced a case of medial meniscus posterior horn root tear in 13 years old boy during baseball game. We performed 1 direct suture anchor repair for medial meniscus posterior horn root tear in adolescent and report clinical result.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.240-242
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• 2011

9 and 10 years old boys presented with pain and swelling without history of trauma around medial malleolar right and left ankle. The swelling was diffuse with tenderness on anterior aspect of medial malleolus. The X-rays revealed fragmented accessory ossification center of medial malleolus an symptomatic side. Traction apophysitis was diagnosed because MRI revealed multiple foci of hypointensity in T1 and T2 weighted images of symptomatic medial malleolus apophysis. Patient was treated in conservative treatment by short leg cast for three or four weeks with restriction of sports activity and improved symptoms.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Medial gastrocnemius flap has been known as a useful option for soft tissue reconstruction of the knee and upper 1/3 of lower extremity, but it has a limitation to cover the lateral defect of the knee joint. We performed the combined gastrocnemius-medial sural artery perforator flap for coverage of the anterolateral defects of the knee joint, which is compound flap using a medial gastrocnemius flap and a medial sural artery perforator flap. This flap is a useful method for reconstruction of anterolateral knee defects, providing a easy dissection without the microsurgery and intramuscular dissection of the perforators.