• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 1990

The mechanism of intracellular accumulation of cadmium in a cadmium-ion tolerant yeast, Hansenula ammala B-7, which is an extreme cadmium tolerant strain and has the ability to take up a large amount of cadmium was investigated. The amounts of cadmium taken up by the scalded yeast cells were 2 to 3 times more than the value of the living cells. The living Hansenula anomala B-7 cells adsorbed 74% of cadmium taken up onto the other layer of the cells and 26% of it accumulated inside the cells. But the scalded cells adsorbed 98.3% of cadmium taken up and accumulated 1.7% of it inside the cells. A cadmium uptake and its accumulation were accelerated up to 162.3% and 275.4% by Triton X-100 in the living cells, respectively. Whereas in the scalded cell cadmium uptake was not affected by Triton X-100. Furthermore the cadmium uptake and its accumulation were strongly inhibited by metabolic inhibitors like 2,4-dinitrophenol, sodium azide and potassium cyanide in the living cells, but in the scalded cells cadmium uptake was not affected by metabolic inhibitors. These results suggested that the intracellular accumulation of cadmium by the cadmium-tolerant Hansenula anomala B-7 cells was apparently dependent of biological activity, and also gave evidence of the existance of energy-dependent system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2017

In last study, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) was conducted for cadmium content of 295 rice varieties including 137 rice core set and 157 Korea breeding varieties collected from Kongju National University. The results showed that 9 varieties had SNP allele and amino acid substitution in exon of chromosome 1. This study was aim to understanding mechanism of cadmium uptake to confirm correlation of cadmium and other mineral nutrients (Cu, Mn, Fe) among 9 rice varieties. Nine varieties were planted on polluted soil of mine in Korea and cadmium content in root, stem, leaf and it's brown rice was analyzed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass spectrometer, Agilent 7700E, US). Results of this study showed that mechanism for cadmium uptake and accumulation was diversity among varieties. Chin-nong and Ho-nong contained higher levels of cadmium in root, but contained relatively lower levels cadmium in brown rice than other varieties. Cheong-nam, Nam-pyeong, Gan-cheok, Suan absorbed high levels of cadmium through root and then accumulated high cadmium to brown rice. Meanwhile, Yeong-deok and Su-kwang absorbed lower cadmium in root, but high cadmium was accumulated in brown rice. Correlations between cadmium and other mineral nutrients (Cu, Mn, Fe) were analyzed by using SPSS statistics 20. The contents of iron in leaf had minus correlation (p<0.05) with cooper and cadmium in root, cadmium in brown rice. Therefore understanding of cadmium uptake mechanism among varieties will be used to basic data for further breeding and phytoremediation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1999

Serratia marcescens, an enterobacterium of gram-negative bacteria, is characterized by resistance of the admium. Cadmium sensitive PM strain did not grow in the medium at cadmium concentration of 50 ppm. PA strain was induced to accommodate to cadmium by cultivating the mother strain (PC strain) in the medium with 50 ppm cadmium. As compared with PC and PM strains, PA strain revealed the excellent growth in cadmium media and accumulated four to five times higher cadmium concentration in cell than other strains. PA strain accumulated 23% of cadmium in cells when cultured in medium treated with 100 ppm cadmium and this cadmium was more accumulated in cytosol fractions than membrane fractions. Analysis by TEM indicated that cadmium was concentrated as a form of granule in cytosol. In protein patterns of cell after the treatment of cadmium, two inducible proteins (28 KDa and 64 KDa) and one reducible protein (45 KDa) were detected by SDS-PAGE. By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, the amounts of cadmium attached to inducible proteins of 28 KDa and 64 KDa were 318.28 ㎍ and 325.37 ㎍ per gram of protein, respectively. It is assumed that these inducible proteins play an important role in the mechanism of cadmium accumulation in cells. A plasmid of 23Kbp was found in S. marcescens. The ability of resistance to cadmium in plasmid was confirmed by curing experiments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2020

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious limitation for agricultural production. In this study, we explored tolerance mechanism associated with Cd toxicity tolerance in alfalfa plants. We used three distinct alfalfa cultivars M. sativa cv. Vernal, M. sativa cv. Zhung Mu, and M. sativa cv. Xing Jiang Daye in this study. Cd showed declined chlorophyll score in Xing Jiang Daye compared with Zhung Mu and Vernal. No significant change observed among the cultivars for root and shoot length. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis demonstrated a significant accumulation of Cd, Fe, S and PC in distinct alfalfa cultivars. However, Zhung Mu and Xing Jiang Daye declined Cd accumulation in root, where Fe, S and PC incremented only in Zhung Mu. It suggests that excess Cd in Zhung Mu possibly inhibited in root by the increased accumulation of Fe, S and PC. This was further confirmed by the response of Fe (MsIRT1) and S transporters (MsSULTR1;2 and MsSULTR1;3), and MsPCS1 genes associated with Fe, S and PC availability and translocation in roots and shoots. It suggests that specially the transcript signal inducing the responses to adjust Cd especially in Zhung Mu. This finding provides the essential background for further molecular breeding program for forage crops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Korean Gu-Gi-Ja tea on plasma hormone such as renin and aldosterone water in cadmium administered rats. The cadmium administered rats were given 50 ppm and 100 ppm of CdCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ disolved in the distilled water. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were divided into 6 groups according to body weight. The control group was fed standard diet without cadmium. The experimental groups, which were fed standard diet containing 50 ppm and 100 ppm cadmium and Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The results of this study were as follows; food intake, body weight gain and kidney weight content in cadmium administered groups were lower than those in Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The contents of cadmium in kidney of the rats were determined by using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrcphotometer). In kidney accumulation of Gu-Gi-Ja tea groups were lower than those in cadmium administered group. Plasma levels of renin activity was increased by Cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. Plasma levels of aldosterone activity was increased by cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. This results suggested that Gu-Gi-Ja tea has a lowering effects on the accumulation of cadmium in kidney and it is believed that the Gu-Gi-Ja tea has some protective effects to cadmium administered lenin and aldosterone hormone in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2001

Cadmium is an ubiquitous toxic metal and chronic exposure to cadmium results in the accumulation of cadmium in the liver and kidneys. In contrast, acute exposure leads to damage mainly in the liver. Apoptosis induced by cadmium has been shown in many tissues in vivo and in cultured cells in vitro. However, the molecular mechanism of cadmium-induced apoptosis is not clear in hepatocyte. To investigate the induction of apoptosis in the hepatocyte, we used mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepalclc7 cells, and analysed the molecules that involved in cadmium-induced apoptosis. Cadmium induced the genomic DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, and activation of caspase-3 like protease. Caspase-9 cysteine protease was activated in a time-dependent manner but caspase-8 cysteine protease was not significantly activated in cadmium-treated Hepalclc7 cells. Cadmium also induced mitochondrial dysfunction including cytochrome c release from mitochondria, change oj mitochondrial membrane potential tranition, and tranlocation of Bax Protein into mitochondria. These results strong1y indicated that the signal Pathway of apoptotic death in cadmium-treated Hepalclc7 cells is modulated by caspase cascade via mitochondria.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.286-298
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the liver damage, metallothionein synthesis and hepatic antioxidative detoxification system in cadmium(Cd) administered rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats(60\\5g) were divided into two diet groups, depending on with (CdS groups) or without (Cd groups) 0.5ppm Se supplementation and fed experimental diets ad libidum for 4 weeks. And then each group was again subdivided into five groups, depending on injection number of Cd, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 times of 2.5mg Cd/kg of body wt once a day. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activite were decreased progressively with increasing number of Cd injection, but increased by the supplementation of Se. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) contents in blood and liver and vitamin E content were decreased and oxidized form (GSSG) increased in Cd groups, but these of Se supplemented groups were not very different from controls. Cd reduced liver vitamin E content which was not restored by Se supplementation. Liver lipid peroxide values were elevated with increasing doses of Cd, but Se supplementation reduced these elevated levels. Accumulation of metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with increasing number of Cd injection, but Se did not affect on them. Histological examination revealed that lysosomes were significantly increased and mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were enlarged by Cd, however, these changes were reduced by Se. It was concluded that Se administration promoted antioxidative detoxification and alleviated peroxidative damage in rat liver by Cd.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.980-986
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• 1998

The effects of mungbean sprout juice on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 90g were divided into 4 groups and raised for 6 weeks. ; control group(CON), mungbean sprouts juice-administered group(MSJ), cadmium-administered group(CAD) fed water containing 40 ppm cadmium chloride and mung bean sprouts juice and cadmium-administered group(MCD). The diet was supplied every day for the measurement of feed efficiency ratio(FER) and net weight gain was measured every 3 days. The activities of serum glutamic oxaloactic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT), superoxide dimutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in the liver and the hepatic contents of glutathione were examined. The contents of Cd in liver and kidney of the rats were determined by using ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer). Growth rate and FER were decreased in CAD group, compared with CON group but the changes were not significant in MCD group. The activities of serum GOT and GPT, SOD, catalase and GSH-Px in the liver were increased by Cd administration, but the alterations were decreased by supplementation with mungbean sprouts juice. The level of glutathione decreased in CAD group(26.8$\pm$9.0mg/g liver), whereas it increased in MCD group(36.4$\pm$15.8mg gliver). The content of Cd in the liver and kidney in MCD group(9.57 ppm, 4.88 ppm) was decreased, compared with CAD group(12.81 ppm, 5.46 ppm). This result suggested that mungbean sprout juice has a lowering effect on the accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidney and it is believed that the juice has some protective effects to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1992

A mechanistic study by which Cadmium-tolerant P.Putida C1 accumulates high conc of Cd in its cell body was performed. Approximately 57% Cd accumulated was distributed on the cell wall and the other 43% portion was in cytoplasm. 84% Cd of the Cd in the cell wall fractions present in the polyphosphate-polysaccharide fractions, but most of Cd in the cytoplasm fraction was in protein and nucleic acid. Cadmium affected the protein synthesis in P. Putida. The intracellular protein content was decreased by cadmium addition, but the soluble protein precipitated by ammonium sulfate($30{\sim}75%$ satruation) was increased as compared to that from the cells grwon without cadmium. Furthermore, in the cells grown with of cadmium, high-molecular-weight soluble protein was increased, with of cadmium, high-molecular-weight soluble protein was increased, compared with the cells grown without cadmium, but low-molecular-weight soluble protein was decreased. These results indicate that Cd inhibited the intracellular protein biosynthesis but enhance biosynthesis of the high-molecular-weight soluble protein precipitate by ammonium sulfate($30{\sim}75%$ saturation).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.161-168
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• 2008

The effects tea beverages (TBs) prepared from powdered green tea (Gt), oolong tea (Ot), black tea (Bt), or pure tea (Pt) with lemon, orange, grenadine etc on cadmium toxicity in rats were investigated Sensory evaluations of the TBs are better than those of each water extracted teas. Cadmium (50 ppm) was administered to experimental rats fed a basic diet, or a diet with various TBs (15% w/v), for 5 weeks. Although body weight gains, feed intakes, and fecal weights in all Cd-treated groups were lower than those in the normal control group (NC), feed efficiency ratio, urine volumes, liver weights, and kidney weights did not differ significantly between groups. The serum ALT and AST levels in the Cd-treated control group (Cd-Co) were higher than those in the NC animals. Serum ALT and AST levels in all Cd-treated rats fed TB-supplemented diets were lower than in animals of the Cd-Co group. Tibia and femur weights in Cd-Co animals were lower than those in NC rats. Tibia and femur weights in Cd-treated rats fed TB-supplemented diets were higher than those in Cd-Co animals. There were no between-group differences in tibia lengths; animals in the NC and TB-supplemented diet groups showed femur lengths longer than those of Cd-Co rats. Although the contents of crude ash and cadmium in the femurs of Cd-Co mts was markedly higher than in the femurs of NC animals, the cadmium content in femurs of Cd-Co rats was significantly lower than that in the femurs of NC animals. The changes in mineral levels caused by Cd administration were alleviated by every TB-supplemented diet tested Whereas fecal calcium excretion by Cd-Co animals was significantly higher than that of NC rats, calcium excretion by Cd-treated rats fed TB-supplemented diets was significantly lower than that of Cd-Co animals. Fecal cadmium excretion by all Cd-treated rats fed TB-supplemented diets was significantly higher than that of Cd-Co animals. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence that various TBs may regulate cadmium-induced organ toxicity by reducing cadmium accumulation in tissues through the mechanism of increasing the fecal excretion of cadmium.