• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2008.11b
• /
• pp.2410-2414
• /
• 2008

Human heart valves diseased by congenital heart defects, rheumatic fever, bacterial infection, cancer may cause stenosis or insufficiency in the valves. Treatment may be with medication but often involves valve repair or replacement (insertion of an artificial heart valve). Bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHVs) are widely implanted to replace the diseased heart valves, but still suffer from complications such as hemolysis, platelet activation, tissue overgrowth and device failure. These complications are closely related to both flow characteristics through the valves and leaflet dynamics. In this study, the physiological flow interacting with the moving leaflets in a bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) is simulated with a strongly coupled implicit fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method which is newly organized based on the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach and the dynamic mesh method (remeshing) in FLUENT. The simulated results are in good agreement with previous experimental studies. This study shows the applicability of the present FSI model to the complicated physics interacting between fluid flow and moving boundary.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.9
• /
• pp.2041-2046
• /
• 2020

The present article investigates the influence of hydrogen concentration on the creep performance of cold-worked stress-relieved unirradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding tube using nanoindentation technique. The as-received Zircaloy-4 tube is hydrided to the concentrations of 600 ppm and 900 ppm using gaseous hydrogen charging method. Constant load indentation creep tests are performed for a dwell period of 600 s in the temperature range of 300℃-500 ℃ at 1000 μN, 2000 μN, and 3000 μN. The impact of hydrogen is evaluated in terms of steady state power law creep exponent and activation energy. The power law creep exponent decreases with increase in hydrogen concentration, however, it remains fairly constant with increase in temperature up to 500 ℃. Moreover, activation energy too decreases significantly with increase in hydrogen concentration. The mean stress exponent and activation energy are found to be 3.58 and 28.67 kJ/mol, respectively, for as-received sample.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1995.11a
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 1995

Effects of hydrogenation in amorphous silicon rile growths on Solid Phase Crystallization (SPC) was investigated using x-ray diffractometry, energy dispersive Spectroscopy, and Raman spectrum. Interdiffusion of barium(Ba) and aluminum(Al) compounds of corning substrate was observed in both of rf sputtering and LFCVD films under the low temperature(580$^{\circ}C$) annealing. Low degree of crystallinity resulted from the interdiffusion was obtained. Highly applicable degree of crystallinity was obtained through the mechanical damage induced surface activation on amorphous silicon films. X-ray diffraction intensity of (111) orientation was used to characterize the degree of crystallinity of SPC. Nucleation and growth rate in SPC could be controllable through the employed surface treatment. IIydrogenated LPCVD films showed the superior crystallinity to non-hydrogenated sputtering films. Insignificant effects of activation treatment in sputtered film was of activation treatment in sputtered film was observed on SPC.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2009

This study focuses on the performance characteristics of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) using the AC impedance technique. The experiment was carried out to investigate the optimal operating conditions of PEMFC such as cell temperature, flow rate, humidified temperature and back-pressure. The fuel cell performance was analyzed by DC electronic-loader with constant voltage mode and expressed by voltage-current density. Additionally, AC impedance was measured to analysis of ohmic and activation loss and expressed by Nyquist plot. The results showed that the cell performance increased with increase of cell temperature, air flow rate, humidified temperature and backpressure. Also, the activation loss decreased as the increase of cell temperature, air flow rate, humidified temperature and backpressure.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
• /
• no.78
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2007

The combination of mechano-chemical activation (MCA)and Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) has widened the technical possibilities for both methods. For YBCO systems the investigation showed that a short-term MCA of initial powders before SHS leads to single-phase and ultra-fine products. A new technique for preparation ultra-fine high-temperature superconductors (HTS) of YBCO composition with a grain size d <1m is developed using combination of MCA and SHS. The specific feature of the technique is formation of the $YBa_2Cu_3O_7-$ crystalline lattice directly from an X-ray amorphous state arising as a result of mechanical activation of the original oxide mixture. The technique allows the stage of formation of any intermediate reaction products to be ruled out. X-ray and magnetic studies of ultra-fine high temperature superconductors are carried out. Dimension effects associated with the microstructure peculiarities are revealed. A considerable enhancement of inter-grain critical currents is found to take place in the ultra-fine samples.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.997-1003
• /
• 2011

In order to investigate devolatilization characteristics for ashless coal with relatively low ash content and high heating value, an experiment was performed in different bed configurations of TGA and DTF(Drop Tube Furnace) at atmospheric pressure condition. The heating rate was $10^{\circ}C$/min up to $950^{\circ}C$ in TGA, while the temperatures of DTF varied from 500 to $1300^{\circ}C$ in step of $200^{\circ}C$. A weight loss and particle temperature were obtained to determine devolatilization kinetics. The kinetic parameters including an activation energy and pre-exponential factor for ashless coal were obtained using Coats-Redfern method in TGA and single step method in DTF. Furthermore, the devolatilization kinetics of the ashless coal were compared with the results of different kinds of conventional coal such as sub-bituminous and bituminous. The results show that the activation energy of devolatilazation for ashless coal is lower than those of others in fixed and entrained conditions.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.1169-1172
• /
• 2005

For elderly people, an advanced training machine that uses actuator and can adjust load according to muscle activity is proposed. The proposed machine allows users to have a safe and effective training through exercise close to ordinal motion appears in daily life such as stretching or stooping motion. A muscle activity sensor real-timely monitors the activation level of user's muscle during the exercise and the training load is adjusted based on the measured data. The training load is exerted and continuously controlled by electric/pneumatic actuator.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.978-985
• /
• 2003

In this paper, a new proportional solenoid invented for pneumatic directional control valves is introduced. The new proportional solenoid has two-dimensional structure and a pivoting armature on which the friction force is inherently negligible. Another advantageous feature of this solenoid is that its mechanical parts can be easily manufactured and assembled. The working principle and design example of the now proportional solenoid, its application to the activation of a 4/3-way directional control valve, and the evaluation of its control performance in a position control loop are reported.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2013

The activation process is the key to graphene's practical application. In this study, the effect of grinding speed in planetary ball mill on structural integrity of graphene has been studied at various grinding speed such as 100 rpm, 200 rpm, 300 rpm, 400 rpm and 500 rpm. The morphology and structure of pristine graphene and ground graphenes were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy respectively. According to these results, structural properties of graphene were improved when grinding speed was increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2011

Evidence on the effect of $O_2$ reduction or current passage on the microstructure and morphology of the LSM and Ni-YSZ electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells. The microstructures of the electrodes were characterized as plate-like agglomerates. Current of $0.1\;A/cm^2$, $0.2\;A/cm^2$, $0.3\;A/cm^2$, at $800^{\circ}C$ were passed for 3 h. Then, we observed the cell structure and measured the cell performance before and after the experiment. There are changed with the load condition. The TPB of the cell increased when the cell structure changed. In particular, the decrease in activation loss is apparent as load increased. As a result, cell performance improved, and we confirmed that a optimal load condition existed.