• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.849-855
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to compare growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of broilers fed a genetically modified organism (GMO) diet or a non-GMO diet. Methods: A total of 840 broilers with an initial body weight of 43.03 g per chick were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 2 dietary treatments lasted for 32 days (15 broilers per pen with 28 replicates per treatment): i) Trt 1, GMO maize-soybean meal based diet; ii) Trt 2, non-GMO maize soybean meal based diet. Both diets were maize-soybean meal diets. The GMO qualitative analysis, proximate analysis and amino acid analysis of the feed ingredient samples were carried out. Diets were formulated based on a nutrient matrix derived from analysis results. Growth performance was measured on day 0, 7, 17, and 32. And all other response criteria were measured on day 32. Results: The analysis results showed that the total Lys, Met, Thr of non-GMO grains were lower than that of GMO grains, the protein content of GMO soybean meal was higher than that of non-GMO soybean meal. Feed intake and feed conversion rate (FCR) were greater (p<0.05) in broilers provided with non-GMO diet than that of the GMO group from d 17 to 32. A decrease in FCR was observed in birds fed the GMO diet through the entire experiment (p<0.05). No significant impacts on blood profile, meat quality and nutrient digestibility were found in response to dietary treatments throughout the experimental period (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that non-GMO diet showed a negative effect on growth performance but nutrient digestibility, blood profile, carcass weight and meat quality were not affected by non-GMO diets.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 1997

본 연구는 잉어 사료의 어분 대체사료원으로서 피혁분과 육골분의 이용 가능성과 어분단백질 대체 범위를 결정하고 잉어용 어분대체품 개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 본 실험사료의 단백질원으로 동물성으로는 북양어분(White Fish Meal, WFM), 피혁분(Leather Meal, LM), 육골분(Meat & Bone Meal, MBM)을 식물성으로는 대두박(Soybean Meal, SM), 콘글루텐밀(Corn Gluten Meal, CGM)을 사용하였고, 조단백질 함량은 39.5%, 가용성 에너지는 15.3 KJ/g으로 동일하게 맞추었고, 실험사료내의 어분대체 비율은 다음과 같다 : diet 1 (대조구), 100% white fish meal (WFM, control) : diet 2, 75% WFM+25% leather meal (LM) : diet 3, 50% WFM+50% LM : diet 4, 75% WFM+25% meat and bone meal (MBM) : diet 5, 50% WFM+50% MBM. 일주간의 먹이붙임후에 잉어는 각 실험군별 평균어체중 10 g이 되도록 하여 3반복으로 무작위 배치하였고, 첫 번째와 두 번째 4주간의 사육기간이 끝난 8주후에는 평균어체중이 28 g이 되도록 재배치하여 세 번째 4 주간동안 사육하였다. 사료는 1일 3회 어체중의 2.7-4%로 12주간 공급하였다. 첫 번째와 두 번째 4주후 사료 1(대조구)과 2의 증체율은 유의적 차이가 없었으나(P>0.05), 사료 3, 4, 5는 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 이와는 달리 세 번째 4주후에 있어서는 대조구와 비교하여 전 사료구에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 전어체 일반성분 분석결과, 8주의 수분과 12주의 조지방을 제외하고는 모든 사료구의 일반성분치(수분, 조단백, 조지방, 조회분)에 있어서 유의적 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 본 실험 결과, 사료내 동물성 단백질원으로 피혁분과 육골분은 충분한 먹이붙임후에 어분단백질의 50%까지 대체 가능함을 보여 주었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2006

1,225 healthy day-old avian broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of activated charcoal (AC, made from willow tree), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) and esterified glucomannan (EGM) supplementation on broiler performance, blood profiles and meat characteristics when less moldy or moldy corn was included to formulate seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets: Positive Control (less moldy corn diet, PC), PC+2% AC, Negative Control (moldy corn, NC), NC+0.05% EGM, NC+0.1% EGM, NC+0.5% HSCAS and NC+1% AC. PC+2% AC resulted in lower growth rate, poorer feed conversion ratio (FCR), more leg problems and higher mortality of birds than those fed PC diet (p<0.05). Inclusion of 0.05% EGM, 0.1% EGM, 0.5% HSCAS and 1% AC in NC diet did not improve average daily weight gain (ADG) or affect feed intake of birds during the first or the second three-week periods. However, 0.05% EGM tended to (p>0.05) and 0.1% EGM significantly (p<0.05) improved FCR during the first three-week period. Breast meat of NC birds had higher Minolta $L^*$ values (white) but lower $a^*$ (reddish) and $b^*$ (yellowish) values (p<0.01) than the PC birds. Addition of 0.05% EGM and 0.1% EGM in NC diet reduced the $L^*$ values (p<0.05), improved $a^*$ and $b^*$ values (p<0.05) of breast meat of birds fed NC diet, but had no effect on meat color when 0.5% HSCAS or 1% AC was included (p>0.05). Relative weight of liver to body was reduced by feeding NC diet (p<0.05) and could not be normalized by different mycotoxin adsorbents (p>0.05) to the ratio of the PC birds. Relative weight of cholecyst of NC birds was increased compared with PC birds and could only be normalized by addition of 0.05% EGM and 1% AC (p<0.05) in NC diet. NC birds had lower serum albumin level than the PC birds (p<0.05) and addition of 0.05% EGM or 1% AC in NC diet did normalize serum albumin level. Addition of 0.5% HSCAS in NC diet further reduced serum albumin, globulin, total protein and uric acid levels (p<0.05). It was concluded that lower FCR during the first three-week period of growth and deterioration of meat quality observed in bird fed moldy corn with moderate T2 and fuminisin contamination and damaged nutrients and pigment availability, might be improved by dietary supplementation of 0.05% to 0.1% EGM, but not by 1% AC or 0.5% HSCAS supplementation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) as a dietary probiotic and evaluated the most suitable feeding interval for this probiotic on growth performance, carcass yield, and meat quality parameters in broiler chickens. In total, 1,050 one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatment groups, in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement with 3 SC dosages (0.6%, 1%, and 1.4%) and two feeding intervals [long term (LT) for 35 days and short term (ST) for 28 days after hatching], with a negative control diet (NC; 0% SC). Triplicate experiments were performed with 50 birds per cage. Broilers fed a diet including SC showed increased (p<0.01) daily gain and feed efficiency compared to the control. Further, broilers fed the 1.4% SC supplemented diet showed a significantly increased (p<0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to broilers fed the 0.6% and 1% SC incorporated diets. Similarly, broilers fed an LT SC diet showed a greater (p<0.01) increase in ADG and FCR compared to broilers fed an ST SC diet. Moreover, broilers fed an LT SC diet displayed a reduced (p<0.05) meat pH, gizzard weight, and increased (p<0.05) meat water-holding capacity compared to broilers fed an ST SC diet. Broilers fed the 1.4% SC supplemented diet showed increased (p<0.05) thigh muscle weight compared to broilers fed the 0.6% and 1% SC supplemented diets. In conclusion, broilers fed LT SC diets showed improved growth performance and carcass quality parameters compared to broilers fed ST SC diets, and the NC diet, from hatching to day 35.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.674-686
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• 2021

This study aimed to enhance the quality of broiler breast meat by adding pig skin collagen to feed. A total of 50 Ross 308 broilers were classified according to the following feeding regime for two weeks: basal diet (NC), basal diet+0.1% fish collagen (PC), basal diet+0.1% pig skin collagen (T1), basal diet+0.5% pig skin collagen (T2), and basal diet+1.0% pig skin collagen (T3). The moisture content was the highest in the PC group, and the protein content was the lowest in the T1 group (p<0.05). The fat content was higher in the T1 and PC groups, whereas the ash content was higher in the T3 group (p<0.05). Drip loss was the highest in the NC group and the lowest in the T2 group (p<0.05). Lightness was low in groups T2 and T3, redness was low in groups T2 and PC, and yellowness was low in groups T1, T2, and PC (p<0.05). The collagen content of the chicken breast was the highest in the T3 group, and that of the skin was the highest in the T1 group (p<0.05). The texture characteristics of springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and hardness were the highest in the T3 group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of a broiler diet with pig skin collagen was found to increase the collagen content of the breast meat, indicating the improved quality of the broiler breast meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2019

Objective: This study was to investigate the nutrient ileal digestibility of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae and compare with those of three animal protein by-products in growing pigs. Methods: A total of 12 crossbred ($[Landrace{\times}Yorkshire]{\times}Duroc$) growing pigs with average body weights of $24.12{\pm}0.68kg$ were surgically equipped with simple T-cannulas after being deprived of feed for 24 h according to published surgical procedures. These pigs had a recovery period of two weeks. A total of 12 pigs were assigned to individual metabolic crates and allotted to one of four treatments with 3 replicates in a fully randomized design. Dietary treatments included the following: i) Fish meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% fish meal; ii) Meat meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% meat meal; iii) Poultry meal, cornvegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% poultry meal; iv) Tenebrio molitor, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% dried Tenebrio molitor larvae. Results: Results showed that the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Lys was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal diet. Pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet showed increased (p<0.05) AID of His and Arg compared to pigs fed Fish meal or Meat meal diet. The AID of Cys was increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed poultry meal and Tenebrio molitor diets compared to that in pigs fish meal diet. Pigs fed meat meal, poultry meal, and Tenebrio molitor diets showed higher (p<0.05) standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of total energy compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. The SID of Arg was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal or meat meal diet. Furthermore, pigs fed poultry meal or Tenebrio molitor diets showed increased (p<0.05) SID of Cys compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, providing pigs with diets that contained Tenebrio molitor larvae meal improved AID and SID of nutrients as well as essential and non-essential amino acids. The digestibility of dried mealworm larvae protein and its utilization in vivo are also good. Therefore, dried mealworm larvae protein can be used as protein source at 10% level in growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2013

The effects of dietary Coptis chinensis herb extract (CHE) on growth performance, blood characteristics, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs were investigated in an 18-wk feeding trial. A total of 36 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire-Duroc pigs with an initial body weight of $20{\pm}1.0$ kg were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 2 pigs per pen. A maize-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a control diet and other treatment diets were supplemented with 0.5, or 1 g CHE/kg, respectively. After the feeding period, meat samples were collected from those pigs that had reached the market BW. During the experimental periods, growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen were unaffected (p>0.05) by the dietary supplementation of CHE. Plasma erythrocytes counts were increased (Linearly, p<0.05) in response to application of CHE at the end of the experiment. Moreover, pigs fed the CHE diets had better (p<0.05) meat color, pH and water holding capacity (WHC) than pigs fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with CHE could increase blood erythrocytes counts and improve meat quality in growing-finishing pigs but not improve growth performance.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1978

It was conducted to find out that the influence of lipids on blood cholesterol level of chicks and ducks. In this experiments, a comparative study was carried out using chicks and ducks divided into four groups with various diet for the period of four weeks. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of hematocrit was significantly lower for the chicks fed sesame oil and soybean oil than the chicks fed duck meat. The value of hematocrit was higher for the ducks fed sesame oil, soybean oil and duck meat than for the control group. 2. Blood glucose level was higher for the ducks group than the chicks group. It was lower blood glucose level for the chicks and ducks fed duck meat than any other groups. 3. Blood cholesterol level was lower for the chicks fed sesame oil, soybean oil, and duck meat than for those fed the basal diet(control group). In the ducks group, blood cholesterol level was high. But in the liver organ, it was lower blood cholesterol level for the chicks and ducks fed sesame oil, soybean oil and duck meat, respectively than for those fed the basal diet(control group). 4. Phospholipid of the chicks which were control groups was lower value than for those fed sesame oil and duck meat fed, the value of phospholipid was higher value.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2017

The experiment was carried out on 648 Ross 308 broilers ($40.4{\pm}0.2$ g; 1 d) chickens. It lasted for 28 days to evaluate the effects of phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, cecum microbiota, bone minerals contents, meat quality and internal organ weights. The chickens were haphazardly divided into any 1 of 6 dietary treatments (6 replicate pens/treatment; 18 broilers/pen). The experimental diets were: CON, control; T1, CON + 150 ppm PFA; T2, CP 0.5% reduced from basal diet; T3, T2 + 150 ppm PFA; T4, Ca 0.07% reduced + available P (aP) 0.065% reduced from basal diet; T5, T4 + 150 ppm PFA. Overall, broilers fed with T3 diet tended to have higher (P=0.08) body weight gain (BWG), and lower (P=0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than T2 diet. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P was lower (P=0.03) in T2 as compared to CON and it was higher (P=0.02) in T3 as compared to T2. There were no differences in meat quality, relative organ weight, and cecum microbiota (P>0.05). The supplementation of PFA showed trends in improvement in ash content in the bone of birds fed T1, T2 and T4 diets compared with CON. Likewise, the supplementation of PFA tended to increase (P=0.07) Ca content in the bone of birds fed T1 diet compared to CON. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 150 ppm PFA could improve BWG in birds fed protein reduced diet, improve apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P, and the bone Ca contents in broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1471-1478
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• 2015

The present study aimed to assess the effect of dietary substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with dehulled-micronized faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) in guinea fowl broilers on their growth traits, carcass quality, and meat fatty acids composition. In this trial, 120 day-old guinea fowl keets were randomly assigned to two treatments which were fed from hatch to 12 weeks of age. Birds were fed two wheat middlings-based diets comprising of a control treatment which contained SBM (78.3 g/kg) and a test diet containing dehulled-micronized faba bean (130 g/kg) as the main protein source. Substituting SBM with faba bean had no adverse effect on growth traits, dressing percentage, or breast and thigh muscles relative weight of the guinea fowls. Conversely, a decrease (p<0.05) of abdominal fat was found in guinea fowls fed the faba bean-diet. Breast muscle of birds fed faba bean had higher $L^*$ score (p<0.05) and water-holding capacity (p<0.05) than the SBM control diet. Meat from guinea fowls fed faba bean had less total lipids (p<0.05) and cholesterol (p<0.01), and higher concentrations of phospholipids (p<0.01). Feeding faba bean increased polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in breast meat and decreased the saturated fatty acid levels. Moreover, dietary faba bean improved the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in guinea fowl breast meat. Results indicated that substitution of SBM with faba bean meal in guinea fowl diet can improve carcass qualitative traits, enhancing also meat lipid profile without negatively affecting growth performance.