• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1511-1511
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• 2001

Energy content, expressed as calories per gram, is an important part of the evaluation and marketing of foods in developed countries. Currently accepted methods of measurement of energy by U.S. food labeling legislation include measurement of gross calories by bomb calorimetry with an adjustment for undigested protein and by calculation using specific factors for the energy values of protein, carbohydrate less the amount of insoluble dietary fiber, and total fat. The ability of NIRS to predict the energy value of diverse, processed and unprocessed cereal food products was investigated. NIR spectra of cereal products were obtained with an NIR Systems monochromator and the wavelength range used for analysis was 1104-2494 nm. Gross energy of the foods was measured by oxygen bomb calorimetry (Parr Manual No. 120) and expressed as calories per gram (CPGI, range 4.05-5.49 cal/g). Energy value was adjusted for undigested protein (CPG2, range 3.99-5.38 cal/g) and undigested protein and insoluble dietary fiber (CPG3, range 2.42-5.35 cal/g). Using a multivariate analysis software package (ISI International, Inc.) partial least squares models were developed for the prediction of energy content. The standard error of cross validation and multiple coefficient of determination for CPGI using modified partial least squares regression (n=127) was 0.060 cal/g and 0.95, respectively, and the standard error of performance, coefficient of determination, bias and slope using an independent validation set (n=59) were 0.057 cal/g, 0.98, -0.027 cal/g and 1.05 respectively. The PLS loading for factor 1 (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.92) had significant absorption peaks correlated to C-H stretch groups in lipid at 1722/1764 nm and 2304/2346 nm and O-H groups in carbohydrate at 1434 and 2076 nm. Thus the model appeared to be predominantly influenced by lipid and carbohydrate. Models for CPG2 and CPG3 showed similar trends with standard errors of performance, using the independent validation set, of 0.058 and 0.088 cal/g, respectively, and coefficients of determination of 0.96. Thus NIRS provides a rapid and efficient method of predicting energy content of diverse cereal foods.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The measurement of body composition, including muscle and fat mass, remains challenging in large epidemiological studies due to time constraint and cost when using accurate modalities. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate prediction equations according to sex to measure lean body mass (LBM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and body fat mass (BFM) using anthropometric measurement, serum creatinine level, and lifestyle factors as independent variables and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry as the reference method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A sample of the Korean general adult population (men: 7,599; women: 10,009) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011 was included in this study. The participants were divided into the derivation and validation groups via a random number generator (with a ratio of 70:30). The prediction equations were developed using a series of multivariable linear regressions and validated using the Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The initial and practical equations that included age, height, weight, and waist circumference had a different predictive ability for LBM (men: R2 = 0.85, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 2.7 kg; women: R2 = 0.78, SEE = 2.2 kg), ASM (men: R2 = 0.81, SEE = 1.6 kg; women: R2 = 0.71, SEE = 1.2 kg), and BFM (men: R2 = 0.74, SEE = 2.7 kg; women: R2 = 0.83, SEE = 2.2 kg) according to sex. Compared with the first prediction equation, the addition of other factors, including serum creatinine level, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol use, resulted in an R2 that is higher by 0.01 and SEE that is lower by 0.1. CONCLUSIONS: All equations had low bias, moderate agreement based on the Bland-Altman plot, and high ICC, and this result showed that these equations can be further applied to other epidemiologic studies.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

A two-dimensional posture measurement system was developed to evaluate the risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) easily on various conditions of work. The posture measurement system is an essential tool to analyze the workload for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Although several posture measurement systems have been developed for workload assessment, some restrictions in industry still exist because of its difficulty on measuring work postures. In this study, an image recognition algorithm was developed based on a neural network method to measure work posture. Each joint angle of human body was automatically measured from the recognized images through the algorithm, and the measurement system makes it possible to evaluate the risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders easily on various working conditions. The validation test on upper body postures was carried out to examine the accuracy of the measured joint angle data from the system, and the results showed good measuring performance for each joint angle. The differences between the joint angles measured directly and the angles measured by posture measurement software were not statistically significant. It is expected that the result help to properly estimate physical workload and can be used as a postural analysis system to evaluate the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in industry.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권5A호
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• pp.641-650
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• 2000

톤 방식을 사용하는 저궤도 위성 거리 측정에서 링크 잡음과 도플러 영향을 분석하고, 다목적 실용위성과 거리측정 시스템에 적합한 거리 측정 검출부의 운용 잡음 대역폭을 제안하였다. 저궤도 위성의 운동 특성을 통한 궤도 파라미터별 영향과 거리 측정 신호의 신호대 잡음 스펙트럼 밀도를 구하여 잡음과 도플러의 영향을 분석하였다. 위성 링크 잡음의 영향은 거리 신호 검출부 PLL 대역폭이 낮을수록 작으나, 도플러에 의한 영향은 PLL 대역폭이 클수록 작아진다. 다목적 실용위성의 거리 측정 시스템에서 적용하여 측정한 결과와 위성 궤도 특성을 모델링하여 모의 실험한 거리 측정 시스템의 분석 결과를 통하여 저궤도 위성의 거리 측정에 대한 도플러와 잡음의 영향 분석에 대한 타당성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of stipulated cleaning process, and the prohibition of cross-contamination and microbiological contamination, which inadequate cleaning in multi-production could occur, through cleaning validation of multi-purpose facility used to produce five biopharmaceutical products as sterile injection. After production of five biopharmaceutical products such as hGH, rhGCSF, rhEPO, rhFSH and rhIFN using vial filling machine, the cleaning validation such as residual analysis of active ingredients or human serum albumin, measurement of total organic carbon (TOC), residual analysis of detergent and microbiological contamination were carried out. In the case of rhGH and rhGCSF clean validations, drug residues were not detected. Furthermore, in the case of rhEPO, rhFSH and rhIFN clean validations, human serum albumin residues were not detected. At TOC (total organic carbon) analysis, all clean validations gave the TOC of about average 137.93%, not more than 150% of acceptance criteria. At sodium analysis for the checking of residues of cleaning agent, sodium residues were not detected. In sterility test, they showed no microbiological contamination of bacteria and fungi. Thus, this cleaning validation was determined as successful in protection of cross-contamination and induction of safety in multi-purpose facility.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.745-752
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• 2013

For thermo-fluid and safety analyses of a High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR), intensive efforts are in progress in the developments of the GAMMA+ code of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and the AGREE code of the University of Michigan (U of M). One of the important requirements for GAMMA+ and AGREE is an accurate modeling capability of a bypass flow in a prismatic core. Recently, a series of air experiments were performed at Seoul National University (SNU) in order to understand bypass flow behavior and generate an experimental database for the validation of computer codes. The main objective of the present work is to validate the GAMMA+ and AGREE codes using the experimental data published by SNU. The numerical results of the two codes were compared with the measured data. A good agreement was found between the calculations and the measurement. It was concluded that GAMMA+ and AGREE can reliably simulate the bypass flow behavior in a prismatic core.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.175-177
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• 1995

The sensor signal validation and failure detection system must be able to detect, isolate, and identify sensor degradation as well as provide a reconstruction of the measurements. In this study, this is accomplished by combining the neural network, the Generalized Consistency Checking(GCC), and the Sequential Probability Ratio Test(SPRT) method in a decision estimator module. The GCC method is a computationally efficient system for redundant sensors, while the SPRT provides the ability to make decisions based on the degradation history of a sensor. The methodology is also extended to the detection of noise degradation. The acceptability of the proposed method is demonstration by using the simulation data in safety injection accident of nuclear power plants. The results show that the signal validation and sensor failure detection system is able to detect and isolate a bias failure and noise type failures under transient conditions. And also, the system is able to provide the validated signal by reconstructing the measurement signals in the failure conditions considered.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.1358-1367
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• 2017

The data integration with modeled predictions (DIMP) model is a promising inverse radiation transport method for solving the special nuclear material (SNM) holdup problem. Unlike previous methods, DIMP is a completely passive nondestructive assay technique that requires no initial assumptions regarding the source distribution or active measurement time. DIMP predicts the most probable source location and distribution through Bayesian inference and quasi-Newtonian optimization of predicted detector responses (using the adjoint transport solution) with measured responses. DIMP performs well with forward hemispherical collimation and unshielded measurements, but several considerations are required when using narrow-view collimated detectors. DIMP converged well to the correct source distribution as the number of synthetic responses increased. DIMP also performed well for the first experimental validation exercise after applying a collimation factor, and sufficiently reducing the source search volume's extent to prevent the optimizer from getting stuck in local minima. DIMP's simple point detector response function (DRF) is being improved to address coplanar false positive/negative responses, and an angular DRF is being considered for integration with the next version of DIMP to account for highly collimated responses. Overall, DIMP shows promise for solving the SNM holdup inverse problem, especially once an improved optimization algorithm is implemented.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.284-296
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• 2021

Quality Models are important element of the software industry to develop and implement the best quality product in the market. This type of model provides aid in describing quality measures, which directly enhance the user satisfaction and software quality. In software development, the inheritance technique is an important mechanism used in object-oriented programming that allows the developers to define new classes having all the properties of super class. This technique supports the hierarchy design for classes and makes an "is-a" association among the super and subclasses. This paper describes a standard procedure for validating the inheritance metric in Quality Model for Object-Oriented Design (QMOOD) by using a set of nine properties established by Weyuker. These properties commonly using for investigating the effectiveness of the metric. The integration of two measuring methods (i.e. QMOOD and Weyuker) will provide new way for evaluating the software quality based on the inheritance context. The output of this research shows the extent of satisfaction of the inheritance metric in QMOOD against Weyuker nine properties. Further results proved that Weyker's property number nine could not fulfilled by any inheritance metrics. This research introduces a way for measuring software that developed using object-oriented approach. The theoretical validation of the inheritance metric presented in this paper is a small step taken towards producing quality software and in providing assistance to the software industry.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1018-1021
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• 2007

This paper explores the use of BEM based NAH to reconstruct the surface vibration of a plate in a rectangular finite cavity, in which the distances between sensors and the nearest points on the source surface are not equal. In such circumstances, different degree of information on propagating and non-propagating wave components will be detected by sensors at different positions, as well as the influence of measurement noise will vary significantly from the nearest points of measurement to the farthest ones. On the other hand, the condition number of the vibro-acoustic transfer function matrix relating normal surface velocities and field pressures will becomes high, numerically indicating an increase of linear dependency between rows of transfer function matrix. The combination of poor measurement and high condition number will result inaccurate reconstruction. Therefore, one approach to be investigated in this work is to select the measurement positions in such ways that reduce measurement redundancy, as it indicated by the condition number. The improvement is found to be significant in the numerical simulations utilizing two different criterions, spanning from over-determined to under-determined cases, and in the validation experiment.