• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1599-1607
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• 2009

In order to deal with severe competition in the construction market of developing countries, large contractors must continually improve their own performance and operation. Performance measurement is the heart of ceaseless improvement in organizations. Key performance indicators (KPIs) play a key role in measuring project management performance (PMP) of large contractors in developing countries. The main objective of this paper is to identify KPIs, which can be used to measure PMP of contractors, and then analyze the underlying relationships of these KPIs in order to gain insight into PMP of large construction firms in Vietnam construction industry (VCI). Literature reviews and the pilot survey provided 30 KPIs. Fourteen KPIs, which have the mean values higher than 3.0, were considered as important KPIs through a questionnaire survey of 32 professionals. Factor analysis of these KPIs was employed to categorize them. The results of the survey revealed that top six KPIs are construction time and cost, owner satisfaction on services and products, and quality management and project team performance. Factor analysis uncovered that 14 top-ranked KPIs can be grouped under six categories, namely: (1) construction input management, (2) owner satisfaction, (3) cost and quality, (4) manpower management, (5) subcontractor performance and (6) equipment management. The findings of this research can be used as a guideline to measure PMP of contractors in Vietnam as well as in other developing countries. Since contractors from a country to the other country may have the same manner to manage construction projects, the results of this study may be useful not only to practitioners and researchers in Vietnam but also to participants in other developing countries.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is examine the validity of digital competency indicators in order to develop a tool that can measure the digital competency of preschool teachers. To review the validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on the data of 272 preschool teachers. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in four factors, and the confirmatory factor analysis verified the fit, validity(convergent validity, discriminant validity) and reliability of each competency group and the model composition of sub-competency indicators. The four factors validated were named 'Understanding Digital Technologies', 'Digital Technology Understanding', 'Digital Technology Application', 'Digital Technology-based Communication', 'Digital Ethics Understanding and Practice'. The analysis results demonstrated the reliability and validity of the tool for measuring the digital competencies of preschool teachers, and it is meaningful in that it can provide a foundation for measuring the digital competency of preschool teachers and conducting education program suitable for each digital competency level.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2024

Manufacturing workers face increased fatigue and stress due to environmental factors in workplace such as noise and vibration. Addressing this issue requires creating conducive rest spaces; however, the existing conditions of rest spaces in manufacturing workplace are subpar and lack sufficient scholarly evidence. This study investigated the effect of nature-based rest spaces on the physical and emotional recovery from fatigue on manufacturing workers. Three manufacturing complexes with nature-friendly rest spaces were selected, and 63 manufacturing workers participated in the study. The measurement tools included the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) for fatigue levels, physiological indicators (blood pressure and heart rate), and emotional indicators (Zuckerman Inventory of Personal Reaction Scale; ZIPERS, Perceived Restorativeness Scale; PRS, Profile of Mood States; POMS and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI). The study compared recovery levels during a 7-minute rest between a space without plants and a space with natural elements. The results indicated a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of participants in green rest spaces compared with those in conventional rest spaces. Regarding fatigue levels, green rest spaces showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure in the middle-fatigue and high-fatigue groups. Positive feelings increased in green spaces, whereas negative emotions decreased, suggesting that short breaks in nature-friendly environments effectively promote workers' physical and emotional recovery. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of green space in various work environments to promote well-being in workers.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.46-69
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• 2020

The primary purpose of this study was to develop performance evaluation indices for measuring the results of the work and performance of the career exploration support centers. For the study, First, to describe the current status of the management system across the 228 centers, examine the staff's perceptions of the current evaluation method and system of each center, and analyze the needs of measuring indices of each center for its performance evaluation, a cross-sectional survey method was employed. Second, relevant literature was reviewed. Next, measurement indices were developed employing the Delphi method with a panel of 15 experts in developing instruments of accomplishment. Based upon the conclusion of this study, The measurement indices developed in this study focuses on the core measurement indices. These indices include a checkbox of necessary and unnecessary in each item so that each local department of education or each center can select indicating items (indices) according to its own needs. The newly developed measurement indices consists of four domains to assess: (1) Institutional competencies-goals, budget, system, and resources, (2) Practitional competences-qualities of programs, administration of experiential career program providers, promotion of centers and programs, management of human resources such as instructors or guides, and establishment of community-center cooperative networking system, (3) Accomplishments-finding new experiential career program providers, the number of participants such as schools and students, reciprocal system, and the degree of participants' satisfaction with the center and programs, and (4) specialized indicators-extra scores for center-based specialized programs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

Personal information protection has become one of the most impending business issues because leakage of personal information can cause tremendous financial losses and image degradation. Consequently, personal information protection initiatives have been recognized widely in business. To invigorate personal information protection investments, performance measurement method such as cost benefits analysis or qualitative analyses are needed, which have not been studied enough in the previous studies. This study proposes a performance measurement model which can include quantitative and qualitative analyses in the context of personal information protection investments. A comparative analysis has been performed on security investment and IT investment performance measurements, which leads to choose the WiBe method (developed by the German Interior Ministry), considering the privacy characteristics and the method's applicability. In particular, the quantitative effect measured how proactive threat assessment based on the way according to the nature of the businesses and organizations of privacy and possible investment decisions. This study proposes the 16 performance indicators, which turn out to be meaningful in terms of their materiality and feasibility by conducting focus group interviews of 25 experts on personal information protection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Objectives : The purposes of this study were to evaluate exhaust ventilation systems(EVSs) and to suggest problems and improvements. Methods : For 50 small and medium-sized enterprises, we carried out evaluation of EVSs. We evaluated hoods with smoke tester and measurement of capture velocity. In addition, we used several indicators for performance evaluation designed in this study. Results : 1. Based on the smoke flow pattern and the criteria of occupational health and safety act, 67.8% of hoods were rated 'good' level at smoke test whereas 26.3% were rated 'good' level at measurement of capture velocity. 2. 29.3% of hoods, of which ratio of measured actual air flow at hood(Qah) to required ideal exhaust air flow at hood(Qih) was 1 or more, were rated 'good' level. 3. The % of EVS, of which ratio of measured actual air flow at stack(Qast) to total required ideal exhaust air flow at hood(Qith) was 1 or more, was 29.0%. 4. For the ratio of measured Qast to existing air flow at fan(Qfan), only 5% of EVSs were 1 or more and 26.0% were 0.8 or more but less than 1.0. 5. For the ratio of measured Qast to total measured actual exhaust air flow at hood(Qath), 74.0% were 0.8 or more but less than 1.0. 6. The percentage of EVS, of which ratio of total measured Qath to existing Qfan was 0.8 or more, was 19.0%. 7. The percentage of EVS, of which ratio of total measured Qath to total required ideal exhaust Qith was 1 or more, was 26.0%. 8. For the comprehensive evaluation indicators designed in this study, 29.0% were 0.8 or more. Conclusions : We found that few exhaust local ventilations at small and medium-sized enterprises were rated 'good' level and that most exhaust local ventilations had 'poor' design and installation. Therefore, relevant professional manpower and enterprises have to construct exhaust local ventilation where it is needed, and technical guidance and economic support are needed to improve 'poor' exhaust local ventilation after self-evaluation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2022

In this study, TOPSIS(Techniques for Order Performance by Similarity to Ieal Solution) was used to evaluate the installation points of water quality monitoring networks in 34 streams of the Nakdong River watershed. The Nakdong River System has been measuring water quality and flow in 195 local streams since 2011. In particular, the 34 key management points are areas with many pollutants and poor water quality, requiring continuous water quality management. For the selection of points requiring management, 10 indicators were selected for evaluation, and the selected indicators were standardized and weighted using the entropy method. As a result of weight calculation, the presence or absence of a nearby measuring network received the greatest weight, and the average water quality and presence of an industrial complex obtained the highest weight. The evaluated data are judged to be the research results necessary for the establishment of a new water quality measurement network in the Nakdong River system and continuous water quality management in tributaries.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.52-66
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial system and characteristics of the urban center by deriving the boundaries of the urban center set in the urban basic plan for Busan Metropolitan City and diagnosing the role and status of the center. To this end, four indicators representing the characteristics of the center were selected through a review of previous studies, and the boundaries of the center were derived using spatial statistical techniques with strengths in geographical boundary analysis. Then, using the indicators of center characteristics and population potential functions, we diagnosed the influence and potential of each center in the spatial structure of Busan Metropolitan City. The analysis showed that the scale of the centers varies greatly, and the unutilized areas where commercial areas are not activated and the expansion areas that spread beyond commercial areas to residential and industrial areas are different for each urban center. The results of the potential measurement, which indicates the attractiveness of the center, also showed areas with strong and weak population potential. Therefore, systematic management and strategies based on the hierarchical characteristics and influence measurement results are needed to strengthen the function of urban centers. The results analyzed in this study can be used as a resource for responding to various urban planning needs and policy changes in the future, along with station area development plans and spatial innovation zones for building a sustainable urban growth system, balanced development, and strengthening the function of centers.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the existing pain assessment methods including the tools developed for use with nonverbal older adults with dementia, and to suggest recommendations to clinicians based on the evaluations. Computerized literature searches published after year 2000 using databases - Google scholar, RISS, KoreaMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, CINAHL - were done. Searching keywords were 'pain', 'pain assessment', and 'cognitive impairment/dementia'. The pain assessments for non-communicative dementia patients who are unable to self-report their pains are often made using the assessment tools relying on the observation of behavioral indicators or alternatively the strategy of surrogate reporting. While several tools in English version and only one in Korean are suggested for the pain assessments based on the observation of behavioral indicators, none are commonly used. In this review, we selectively evaluated those tools known to show relatively higher degree of validity and reliability for nonverbal older adults with dementia, namely, CNPI, DOLOPLUS 2, PACSLAC, PAINAD, and DS-DAT. It is hoped that the present review of selected tools for assessing pain in those vulnerable population and the general recommendations given be useful for clinicians in their palliative care practice. And future studies should focus on enriching the validation of the useful tools used to observe the nonverbal patient's behavioral indicators for pain in Korean.