• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2008

At the spots of enterprises experiencing rapid environmental changes, necessity for ceaseless managemental innovation is raised. We can't deny that management quality is also a part of such managemental innovation. Introduction of management quality by an organization is different from introduction of other individual innovative techniques. Management quality is not one time project but complete historical change program to be pursued continuously. Furthermore, it must be understood as a strategic 'Quality Journey' looking for far future of an organization. Malcolm Baldrige Model has been increasingly used in Korea as a global standard for management quality. The model, however, has shown a number of limitations in application due to nonsystematic elements in the implementation process. The deployment process of the model should be detailed through a real world case study. In this research, we proposed a quality evaluation standard model which is suitable for the Korean public enterprise based on the Malcolm Baldrige Non-profit Criteria, and examined the model. A 7-Point Likert Scale was used based on the seven categories within the 2007 Malcolm Baldrige Non-profit Criteria: Leadership, Strategic Planning, Customer and Market Focus, Management Analysis and Knowledge Management, Workforce Focus, Process Management, and Results. Furthermore, we analysed the validity and causal relationship among the factors within the model. Through the above case study, following common factors for successful Malcolm Baldrige Model have been derived. The following is a summary of the results of this study. First, for Malcolm Baldrige Model management, needs powerful support Leadership. Second, for Malcolm Baldrige Model management, needs systematic Strategic Planning. Third, for Malcolm Baldrige Model management, needs the continuous Customer and Market Focus. Fourth, for Malcolm Baldrige Model management, needs systematic Measurement Analysis and Knowledge Management. Five, for Malcolm Baldrige Model management, needs systematic Workforce Focus. Six, for Malcolm Baldrige Model management, needs systematic Process Management. The finding are surely necessary factors to arrange the human resource management for upgraded management quality, those factors help to explain why all enterprises consider human resource as the strategic view.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1998

The quality of physical characteristics were measured, using sensory evaluation and mechanical characteristics where different percentages of chrysanthemums (0%, chrysanthemum indicum power: 1%, 3% and 5%, and Chrysanthemum indicum petals: 1%, 3% and 5%) were added to rice flour, to promote the use of and liking forrice cakes that are a kind of Korean traditional foods. In the sensory evaluation, the color appeared to be the highest when 3% of Chrysanthemum indicum petals was added, and there was a significant difference between the samples used(p<.01). It was also shown that the taste was generally higher in steamed, Gamkugsulgie-dduk added Chrysanthemum indicum than those in which no Chrysanthemum indicum were added, and that it appeared to be the highest, particularly, in rice cakes that 3% of Chrysanthemum indicum petals. However there was no significant difference between the samples. The Chewiness was the highest in rice cakes to Which 3% of Chrysanthemum indicum petals was added but there was no significant difference between the samples. The after-swallow feeling and overall quality were the highest in rice cakes to which 3% of Chrysanthemum indicum petals(p<.01), and there was a significant difference between the samples(p<.01). In terms of change in color, the value of lightness was the highest in rice cakes to which no Chrysanthemum were added. The more the content of Chrysanthemums, the lower the value of lightness but the higher the values of red color(a) and yellow color(b). In the measurement of the texture, using a mechanical characteristics, the springiness was the highest in rice cakes to which 5% of Chrysanthemum indicum powder was added, and the gumminess, hardness and chewiness appeared to be high in rice cakes to which 5% of Chrysanthemum indicum petals was added. In the correlation between the sensory evaluation and mechanical characteristics, the higher the softness, the lower the value of lightness. The softness in the sensory evaluation showed a positive correlation with the values of red color(a) and yellow color(b) in the color test. the chewiness in the sensory evaluation showed a negative correlation with the springness in the mechanical characteristics. In view of the results stated above, a good recipe for steamed, Gamkugsulgie-dduk appeared that the contents of the ingredients used were 291g of rice flour, 9g of Chrysanthemum indicum petals(3% of rice flour) , 30g of sugar, and 3g of sat, 60ml of water.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.36.2-36.2
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• 2013

The SPICA (SPace Infrared Telescope for Cosmology & Astrophysics) project is a next-generation infrared space telescope optimized for mid- and far-infrared observation with a cryogenically cooled 3m-class telescope. The focal plane instruments onboard SPICA will enable us to resolve many astronomical key issues from the formation and evolution of galaxies to the planetary formation. The FPC-S (Focal Plane Camera - Sciecne) is a near-infrared instrument proposed by Korea as an international collaboration. Owing to the capability of both low-resolution imaging spectroscopy and wide-band imaging with a field of view of $5^{\prime}{\times}5^{\prime}$, it has large throughput as well as high sensitivity for diffuse light compared with JWST. In order to strengthen advantages of the FPC-S, we propose the studies of probing population III stars by the measurement of cosmic near-infrared background radiation and the star formation history at high redshift by the discoveries of active star-forming galaxies. In addition to the major scientific targets, to survey large area opens a new parameter space to investigate the deep Universe. The good survey capability in the parallel imaging mode allows us to study the rare, bright objects such as quasars, bright star-forming galaxies in the early Universe as a way to understand the formation of the first objects in the Universe, and ultra-cool brown dwarfs. Observations in the warm mission will give us a unique chance to detect high-z supernovae, ices in young stellar objects (YSOs) even with low mass, the $3.3{\mu}$ feature of shocked circumstance in supernova remnants. Here, we report the current status of SPICA/FPC project and its extragalactic sciences.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2014

최근 수년 동안 유가의 현저한 상승으로 인하여 상선의 디젤 기관은 저질 중유를 주로 사용하게 되었다. 따라서 저질 중유의 사용 증가에 따른 디젤 기관의 연소실 배기가스 온도는 점차 상승하여 가혹한 부식 환경에 직면하게 되었다. 그 결과 연소실 주변의 모든 기관 부품들의 부식과 마모는 다른 기관 부품들에 비해서 심각하다. 그러므로 이들 부품들의 적절한 덧살 용접은 수명 연장을 위하여 경제적인 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 피스톤 크라운 재질로 통상 사용되는 단강에 4종류의 용접재료로 SMAW와 GTAW로 용접하였다. 실험은 모재, 열영향부 및 용접금속의 부식 특성을 35% 황산용액에서 부식전위, 양극분극 곡선, 사이클릭볼타모그램 및 임피던스 등의 전기화학적인 방법으로 하여 고찰하였다. Inconel 625, 718 용접재료의 경우 용접금속의 내식성이 가장 우수하였고, 모재의 내식성이 가장 좋지 않았으며, 반면에 1.25Cr-0.5Mo와 0.5Mo는 모재가 용접금속에 비해서 더 좋은 내식성을 나타내었다. 또한, 용접금속 중 Inconel 625가 가장 내식성이 우수하였으며, 그 다음으로 Inconel 718 용접재료로 나타났다. 경도 역시 용접금속이 상대적으로 모재, 열영향부에 비해서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 특히 Inconel 718 용접재료의 경우 다른 용접재료에 비하여 가장 높은 경도값을 나타내었다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 1996

정위적 방사선수술을 시행하기 위하여 CT, MR, 그리고 digital angiography 의 표적 위치결정의 정확도를 평가하였다. 특정한 지점의 위치가 이미 알려져 있는 (정밀도 : 0.lmm 이내) geometrical phantom 을 CT 혹은 MR로 scan 하였다. Scan 간격은 3mm 이었으며 FOV (Field of View)는 CT의 경우 35cm, MR 의 경우 28cm 이었다. 얻어진 영상은 GE format 의 형태로 TCP/IP를 이용하여 치료계획 컴퓨터로 전달되었다. 각 영상을 컴퓨터로 분석하여 얻은 측정된 좌표값을 이미 알고 있는 값과 비교하였다. Digital angiography 의 경우, 좌표값을 결정하기 위하여 anterior-posterior 방향과 lateral 방향의 film을 얻었으며 이 film은 film scanner를 이용하여 치료계획 컴퓨터로 전달되었다. CT 영상의 위치결정 오차는 1.2$\pm$0.5 mm이었으며 MR의 경우에는 coronal 및 sagittal 영상에 대하여 각각 평균 1.7$\pm$0.4mm, 2.1$\pm$0.7mm의 오차가 있었다. 반면에 Axial 영상의 경우에는 오차가 평균 4.7$\pm$ 0.9mm이었다. Digital angiography 의 위치결정 오차는 0.9$\pm$0.4mm이었다. CT, MR, 그리고 Angiography 등과 같은 진단장비를 이용하여 표적의 위치 및 형태를 정의하는데 있어서의 정확도는 진단 영상의 분해능 및 distortion 과 밀접한 관련을 가지고 있다. CT의 경우, 위치결정 오차는 주로 영상의 slice 간격에 따른 분해능에 의존하며 MR 영상의 경우에는 영상자체의 분해능과 더불어 head frame에 의한 distortion이 크게 작용하였다. 반면에 Digital angiography의 경우에는 fiducial marker의 distortion으로 인한 오차가 가장 크게 영향을 주었다. 본 연구의 결과는 치료계획시 PTV(Planning Target Volume)를 결정할 때 반드시 고려되어야 한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

Prediction of the soft tissue changes following hard tissue movement is very important from the esthetic view point for patients who have orthognathic surgery. There are many cephalometric analysis of facial bone and soft tissue on the lower lip and chin region but few soft tissue analysis on the midface after mandibular setback surgery. This study was performed to obtain whether the mandibular posterior movement has influence on the midface and the predictable ratio of post-operative measurement values of the soft tissue changes following mandibular setback surgery. Fifteen patients (8 males and 7 females) who had undergone mandibular setback surgery were selected and analyzed the soft tissue movement on the upper lip and the cheek region. Post-operative changes of the soft tissue measurements after mandibular surgery were examined on pre- and post-operative cephalometrics and the ratio of changes were analyzed after drawing the reference line on the face with the barium sulfate solution. The reference lines were perpendicular to the intercanthal line from infraorbital foramen and lateral canthus. The results obtained were as follows : 1. There were tendancy of anterior movement of soft tissue adjacent the nose after mandibular surgery 2. There were incerased tendancy of the amount of anterior movement from the nasal crease to the cheek region. 3. The amount of anterior movement of the soft tissue was larger below the palatal plane compared with above the palatal plane in the cheek region. 4. The upper lip length was increased and moved posterior direction after mandibular setback surgery 5. The lower lip was moved posterior direction by posterior movement of the mandibular structure 6. Soft tissue of the midface around the nose moved anterior direction after mandibular setback surgery but there was no correlation between the amount of mandibular setback and the amount of the soft tissue changes

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2020

Emission factors for ammonia and particulate matters (PMs) from livestock buildings are of increasing importance in view of the environmental protection. While the existing emission factors were determined based on the emission inventory of other countries, in situ measurement of emission factors is required to construct an accurate emission inventory for Korea. This study is to report measurements of ammonia and PMs emissions from mechanically-ventilated pig houses, which are common types of pig barns in Korea. Ventilation rates and concentrations of ammonia and PMs were measured at the ventilation outlets of a weaner unit, a growing pig unit and a fattening pig unit to calculated the emission factors. The PMs emission was characterized with different aerodynamic diameters (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and total suspended particulates (TSP)). The measured ammonia emission factors for weaners, growing pigs and fattening pigs were 0.225, 0.869 and 1.679 kg animal^-1 yr^-1, respectively, showing linear increase with pigs' age. The PMs emission factors for three growing stages were 0.023, 0.237 and 0.241 kg animal^-1 yr^-1, respectively for TSP, 0.017, 0.072 and 0.223 kg animal^-1 yr^-1, respectively for PM₁₀, and 0.011, 0.016 and 0.151 kg animal^-1 yr^-1, respectively for PM_2.5. PMs emissions were increased with pigs' age due to increasing feed supply and animal movement. The measured emission factors were smaller than those of the existing emission inventory indicating that the existing ones overestimate the emissions from pig buildings and also suggesting that long-term in situ monitoring at various livestock buildings is required to construct the accurate emission inventory.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.2925-2930
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• 2011

최근의 차량 연비는 고가의 연료 가격과 환경 규제 등으로 인하여 중요한 문제로 대두되었다. 전기, 전자, 기계 등의 기술 발달에 힘입어 연비는 많이 개선되었으나 현재도 연비 측정은 주어진 모드(LA-4, FTP-75 등)에서 컴퓨터 모의시험 및 다이나모에서 수행한다. 이러한 연비는 실제 도로 주행 연비와 차이가 발생한다. 그 주요 원인중의 하나는 도로의 경사를 고려하지 않았기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 경사가 포함된 고속도로에서 경사가 연비에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 경사가 포함된 영동고속도로를 주행하여 연료 소모량을 측정하고 연비를 계산한다. 또한 같은 도로를 경사가 없다고 가정하여 주행한 연비와 비교 분석한다. 이때 두 경우의 연료 소모량 차이에 의해 발생된 총 발생 에너지를 계산하고, 모의실험에서 타이어 구동력으로 부터 발생한 엔진 토크와 파워 데이터로부터 구동력에 소모된 에너지를 계산한다. 이제 도로의 경사 때문에 소모된 연료에 의해 발생된 총 발생에너지와 구동력에 사용된 에너지와의 관계를 검증한다. 또한 결론에서는 경사를 갖는 자동차 전용도로에서 경사에도 불구하고 연비를 향상할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.380-384
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• 2010

Purpose: Distinguishing different types of implants and assessing the position and size of implants by radiologic exam after orbital wall reconstruction is important in determining the surgery outcome and forecasting prognosis. We observed time-dependent density changes in three types of implants (porous polyethylene, resorbing plate and titanium mesh plate) by performing facial bone CT after orbital wall reconstructions. Methods: A total of 32 patients, who had underwent orbital wall fracture surgery from October 2006 to March 2009 and received facial bone CT as outpatients at 1 postoperative year were included in the study. Follow-up facial bone CT was performed on the patients pre- operatively, 1 month post-operatively, and 1 year post-operatively to observe the status of the orbital implants. Medpor $^{(R)}$ (Porex Surgical, Inc., Newnan, Ga.) was used as porous polyethylene and followed-up in 14 cases; for resorbing plate, Synthes mesh plate (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland) was used in the reconstruction, and followed-up in 11 cases; and titanium mesh plate usage was followed-up in 7 cases. Computed tomographic scan (CT) and water's view were done for radiography, and hounsfield unit (HU) was used to compare density of those facial bone CT. Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to statistically verify measurement difference in each group of hounsfield units. Results: Facial bone CT examination performed in 1 month post-operative showed that the density of porous polyethylene, resorbing plate and titanium mesh plate were -42.07, 105.67 and 539.48 on average, respectively. Among the three types of implants, titanium mesh plate showed the highest density due to its radiopaque feature. Following up the density of three types of implants in CT during 1 year after the orbital wall fracture surgery, the density of porous polyethylene increased in 10.52 House Field Units and the resorbing plate was decreased in 26.87 HouseField Units. There were no significant differences between densities in 1 month post-operatively and 1 year post-operatively in each group ($p{\geq}0.05$). Conclusion: We performed facial bone CT on patients with orbital fractures during follow-up period, distinguishing the types of implants by the different concentration of implant density, and the densities showed little change even at 1 year post-operative. To observe how implant densities change in facial bone CT, further studies with longer follow-up periods should be carried out.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.991-995
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• 1996

토끼에서 신장의 크기(길이, 폭 및 높이)를 측정하고 이에 대한 기본자료로 삼고자 53마리의 토끼(Newzealand White)의 신장을 방사선 촬영과 초음파 신장촬영 그리고 신장을 적출하여 실제 길이를 재고 이들간의 측정치를 비교하였다. 방사선 촬영에서는 우측신장은 T13-L2에서 관찰되었고 좌측신장은 L2-L4에서 관찰되었다. 초음파 신장촬영상에서는 신장 피질은 작고 균등하며 주변조직에 비하여 저에코상을 보였고 신장의 신우는 무에코 내지는 약간의 저에코상을 보였다. 토끼의 좌측신장에서 길이, 폭 및 높이는 각각 $35.84{\pm}3.12(mean{\pm}SD)$, $23.52{\pm}3.21$ 및 $15.11{\pm}2.58cm$ 였으며 우측신장에서는 $36.02{\pm}3.42$, $23.69{\pm}3.50$ 및 $14.13{\pm}3.55cm$ 이었다. 방사선 사진상에서 양쪽 신장의 길이와 폭은 실제 크기에 비하여 약간 확대되었으며(102~104%), 초음파신장 촬영상에서 양쪽 신장의 길이, 폭 및 높이는 실제 크기에 비하여 적게 축소된 상을 보였다(70~96%). 복배상 방사선 사진에서 신장의 길이와 폭의 제2요추 길이의 대비에서 1.85와 1.25배로 나타났다. 체중과 신장의 각 측정치와의 상관관계에서는 서로간에 유의치 있는 상관관계가 있었다.