• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.743-752
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• 2014

Delay time for groundwater recharge means the travel time from the bottom of soil layer to groundwater through vadose zone after infiltration from rainfall. As it is difficult to measure delay time, we suggested an empirical formula which is derived by using linear regression between altitude and delay time. For the regression analysis, 4 major gauging watersheds were chosen (Hancheon, Kangjeongcheon, Oedocheon, Cheonmicheon) with 18 measured groundwater level stations. To verify this empirical formula, derived equation from linear reservoir theory was applied to compute delay time and to compare estimated amounts of groundwater recharge using both methods. The result showed good agreement. Furthermore, if derived empirical formula would be linked with SWAT model, the spatial time delay effect in the watershed could be reflected properly.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1990

The purpose of this study were l) to provide information useful in developing an individualized health promotion program, 2) to test the correlations among the level of locus of control, health promotion activities and value placed on self. 3) to assess the factors of health promotion activities and value placed on self. The level of locus of control was measured by Walston/Walston's scales. The levels of health promotion activities and value placed on self were measured by Pender/Pender's scales. The sample consist of 122 female students in a University in Seoul. Their mean ages were 21. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Hypothesis 1 : The higher the score of internal health locus of control, the higher the score of health promotion activities was supported. 2. Hypothesis 2 : The higher the score of value placed on self, the higher the score of health promotion activites was supported. 3. Hypothesis 3 : The higher the score of value placed on self, the higher the score of internal health locus of control was supported. 4. The highest score of the factors of health promotion activities is nutritional practice$(14.976\pm.907)$ and the lowest score is self care$(1l.930\pm1.169).$ In conclusion, several implications for nursing emerge from the theory and research behind the locus of control concept. First, scales to measure locus of control may be useful in evaluating health education programs. Second, it may be adventageous to screen individuals using a health locus of control scale before placement into a treatment program that matches their needs. Third, health professionals may want to train individuals to become more internals appear more likely to engage in positive health behaviors.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2000

In this paper, we have designed a microwave level meter based on the FM-CW radar theory using a YIG-tuned oscillator (YTO). YTO has an excellent frequency linearity, so a linearizer circuit is not necessary for the level meter. It is shown that interference signals reflected from nearby obstacles can be removed by using a digital band-pass filter. An FIR band-pass filter is designed using the Kaiser window. The distance measurement has been performed in the outdoor test field. The measurement data have been obtained for the range of 1~40m with 1m step, and the results show that the standard deviation of the measured data is 2.33 cm. The level meter manufactured in this study can be applied usefully in the industrial facilities which are not accessible easily, for example, to measure the level of molten metal in the iron and steel company.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.349-370
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• 2009

This study examines the perceptions on work-family balance and compares the differences of diverse groups in Korea. The success of work-family policies depends on employees' perceptions of both the tangible and intangible aspects of work-family supportiveness. A survey was conducted to produce a instrument that could measure the perceptions of work-family balance. The survey is a conducted random sample, with random selection of respondents who are working and over the age of 25 in Seoul and the metropolitan area. The research design employed ANOVA to compare the perceptions on work-family policies for supporting work-life balance in society. There was a difference in spillover levels between workers in different groups such as gender, employment status, age, the number of children, family type by employment status, company size, and industry. The findings will inform policy-makers as they continue to develop policies that positively affect working people.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2002

Empowerment is a multifaceted concept which can be described somewhat differently. In general, it is defined as the motivational concept of autonomy and self-efficacy. Recently, this concept of empowerment is applied to improve organizational staff's job satisfaction and organizational commitment in many organizations. Empowerment in service organizations has certainly generated more publicity than any other organizations. The objective of this study is to measure the degree of hospital administrative staff's empowerment using Spreitzer(1995)'s empowerment theory, and also to analyze the relationship of empowerment and job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Spreitzer argues that the work empowerment is composed of 4 dimensions (meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact) and each dimension influences employee's job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational performance in the end. In order to carry out this study, data were collected by self-administered Questionnaires from 181 hospital administrative staff at 3 university hospitals in Inchon and Kyunggi-Do. The response rate is 86%. The Collected data were analyzed with SPSS statistical package V10.0. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, the degree of hospital administrative staff's empowerment is a high level point at the 7 Likert Scale. Second, the reliability of 3 variables, empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, was statistically satisfied(Cronbach's alpha>0.80). Third, as a result of correlation analysis, four components of empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment showed a positive relationship. Finally, multiple regression analysis was conducted to find the impact of empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In the case of job satisfaction, the meaning and competence factors have a positive effect(P<0.05). And the case of organizational commitment, the meaning and impact components have a positive relation(p<0.05). These results showed that the workplace empowerment is significantly related to employee's job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.126-134
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to supply the basic materials for the development of objective tools to measure 'Hwa-byung' and for the development of the theories and statements associated with 'Hwa-byung' by making clear the meaning and characteristics of 'Hwa-byung' and by analyzing the concept of 'Hwa-byung'. Method: The concept analysis of Hwa-byung was proceeded according to the concept analysis process of Walker and Avant(1995). Result: The conceptual characteristics of Hwa-byung resulted from the research are like these : (1) Injustice (2) Anger (3) Rumination (4) Anxiety. Therefore, we can describe Hwa-byung as the feeling repeatedly accumulated through the heavy mental pain, injustice, and anger and it is appeared with the physical and behavioral symptoms. Conclusion: Through this concept analysis, we propose as followings ; First, there's need of the objective tools which make it possible to assess Hwa-byung through the theory development and the statement associated with Hwa-byung. Second, there's need of interdisciplinary approach in the development of nursing intervention to coordinate the characteristics of Hwa-byung by understanding the total nature of Hwa-byung and finding the variables associated with Hwa-byung.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 1987

The present study was conducted to measure and predict the leachate generation and to establish the methods of leachate control and handling by both field and lab-lysimeter studies. The change of biodegradable matter, field capacity, dry density, quantity and quality of leachate as a function of time of landilling were measured. The model based on the theory of unsaturated flow and contaminant transport in porous media was developed and simulation model was used for the prediction of movement of landfill moisture and for the strength in leachate in terms of organic and inorganic contaminant. The model constructed from the present study in terms of unsaturated decomposition and transport combined with the evapotranspiration and surface runoff showed good agreement with the results obtained by lysimeter studies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.855-875
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• 2015

Many novel materials exhibit a property of different elastic moduli in tension and compression. One such material is graphene, a wonder material, which has the highest strength yet measured. Investigations on buckling problems for structures with different moduli are scarce. To address this new problem, firstly, the nondimensional expression of the relation between offset of neutral axis and deflection curve is derived based on the phased integration method, and then using the energy method, load-deflection relation of the rod is determined; Secondly, based on the improved constitutive model for different moduli, large deformation finite element formulations are developed and combined with the arc-length method, finite element iterative program for rods with different moduli is established to obtain buckling critical loads; Thirdly, material mechanical properties tests of graphite, which is the raw material of graphene, are performed to measure the tensile and compressive elastic moduli, moreover, buckling tests are also conducted to investigate the buckling behavior of this kind of graphite rod. By comparing the calculation results of the energy method and finite element method with those of laboratory tests, the analytical model and finite element numerical model are demonstrated to be accurate and reliable. The results show that it may lead to unsafe results if the classic theory was still adopted to determine the buckling loads of those rods composed of a material having different moduli. The proposed models could provide a novel approach for further investigation of non-linear mechanical behavior for other structures with different moduli.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2018

Accidental oil and gas leak is a critical concern for the offshore industry because it can lead to severe consequences and as a result, it is imperative to evaluate the probabilities of occurrence of the consequences of the leakage in order to assess the risk. Event Tree Analysis (ETA) is a technique to identify the consequences that can result from the occurrence of a hazardous event. The probability of occurrence of the consequences is evaluated by the ETA, based on the failure probabilities of the sequential events. Conventional ETA deals with events with crisp failure probabilities. In offshore applications, it is often difficult to arrive at a single probability measure due to lack of data or imprecision in data. In such a scenario, fuzzy set theory can be applied to handle imprecision and data uncertainty. This paper presents fuzzy ETA (FETA) methodology to compute the probability of the outcomes initiated due to oil/gas leak in an actual offshore-onshore installation. Post FETA, sensitivity analysis by Fuzzy Weighted Index (FWI) method is performed to find the event that has the maximum contribution to the severe sequences. It is found that events of 'ignition', spreading of fire to 'equipment' and 'other areas' are the highest contributors to the severe consequences, followed by failure of 'leak detection' and 'fire detection' and 'fire water not being effective'. It is also found that the frequency of severe consequences that are catastrophic in nature obtained by ETA is one order less than that obtained by FETA, thereby implying that in ETA, the uncertainty does not propagate through the event tree. The ranking of severe sequences based on their probability, however, are identical in both ETA and FETA.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2013

Recently, with the rapid advancement in information and communication technology, indoor location-based services(LBSs) that require precise position tracking have been actively studied with outdoor-LBS using GPS. However, in case of a ship which consists of steel structure, it is difficult to measure a precise localization due to significant ranging error by the diffraction and refraction of radio waves. In order to reduce location measurement errors that occur in these indoor environments, this paper presents distance compensation algorithms that are suitable for a narrow passage such as ship corridors without any additional sensors by using UWB(Ultra-wide-band), which is robust to multi-path and has an error in the range of a few centimeters in free space. These improvement methods are that Pythagorean theory and adjacent node technique are used to solve the distance error due to the node deployment and distance variation analysis technique is applied to reduce the ranging errors which are significantly fluctuated in the corner section. The experimental results show that the number of nodes and the distance error are reduced to 66% and 57.41%, respectively, compared with conventional CSS(Chirp spread spectrum) method.