• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

The flash point is one of the most important properties for characterizing the fire and explosion hazard of liquid solutions. In this study, a Tag open-cup apparatus was used to measure the flash points of two flammable binary mixtures, n-decane + n-octanol and acetic acid + n-butanol. The flash point temperature was estimated using the UNIFAC (Universal Functional Activity Coefficient) group contribution model and optimization method. The experimentally derived flash point was also compared with the predicted flash point. The two methods can estimate the flash point fairly well for the n-decane + n-octanol and acetic acid + n-butanol systems.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.72.3-73
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• 2021

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) are caused by acoustic density waves in the early universe and act as a standard ruler in the clustering pattern of galaxies in the late Universe. Measuring the BAO feature in the 2-point correlation function of a sample of galaxies allows us to estimate cosmological distances to the galaxies mean redshift, , which is important for testing and constraining the cosmology model. The BAO feature is also expected to appear in the higher order statistics. In this work we measure the generalized spatial N-point point correlation functions up to 4th order. We made measurements of the 2, 3, and 4-point correlation functions in the SDSS-III DR12 CMASS data, comprising of 777,202 galaxies. The errors and covariances matrices were estimated from 500 mock catalogues. We created a theoretical model for these statistics by measuring the N-point functions in halo catalogues produced by the approximate Lagrangian perturbation theory based simulation code, PINOCCHIO. We created simulations using initial conditions with and without the BAO feature. We find that the BAO is detected to high significance up to the 4-point correlation function.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.643-653
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• 2013

In this study, trend analysis was performed by various runoff analysis method of Non-point Pollution Source(NPS) at the impervious area. The characteristics of rainfall at impervious area appeared to be influenced by rainfall strength and it appeared that first flush phenomenon occurs often if rainfall strength acts largely. It is judged that the measure is required to be prepared against that now that concentration difference of non-point pollution source appeared to be big by precedent number of days of no rainfall. As the result of calculating Decrease Rate (DR) by first flush of non-point pollution source, it is judged that it is important to prepare the measure against the pollutants about initial rain and it is necessary to calculate the capacity of non-point pollution source processing facilities regarding that now that the non-point pollution source integrated at impervious area showed the characteristics that are flowed out in high concentration by initial rain in case of non-rainfall considering the characteristics of non-point pollution source at impervious area. When taking 50% of non-point pollution source as the standard for decrease rate that was evaluated previously, it appeared as 15~60 min in case of TSS and it appeared as 30~90 min in case of organic compound, but the characteristic whose decrease rate is below 50% also appeared even till rainfall-runoff ends. Based on that, it is judged that it could be used as the reference when designing the structural BMPs facilities later.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.116-125
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• 1991

The purposes of this study are to identify the degree of exercise intent and behavior and to determine factors influencing exercise and behavior in middle school students. The subjects for this study were 658 middle school students in Chonbuk area. The data were obtained by questionaire for the period from Nov. 1 to Dec. 20, 1990. The instrument used for the study were included 6 existing scales and 2 scales developed by the researcher for this study. They are: 1) The exercise intent scale to assess the exercise plan even when they had no longer physical education. 2) The current exercise behavior to measure of exercise frequency for 1 week. 3) The scale to measure the level of self -esteem. 4) The scale to measure the level of knowledge about exercise. 5) The scale to measure the level of the perceived ability to make commitment. 6) The scale to measure the level of the perceived benifit of exercise. 7) The scale to measure the level of the perceived athletic ability. 8) The scale to measure the level of the attitude toward physical education. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, one way ANOVA, Pearson Coeffecients Correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The following; results were obtained. 1. Exercise intent level was in the intermediate range(mean on five point scale of 3.66, with 1 = definitely no). 2. The current exercise behavior level was relatively low(mean=1.77, with l=less than once per week and 4 = 4 or more times per week). 3. Self -esteem levels were in the intermediate range(mean on five point scale of 2.96, a mean of 5.0 indicate highest level of self-esteem.) 4. The levels of perceived ability to make commitments were in the intermediate range(mean=3.05, with 5.0 as most able). 5. The levels of perceived exercise as benificial were relatively high(mean=3.72, with 5.0 as most benificial). 6. Knowledge levels about exercise were realatively high(mean=3.97, with 5.0 as most knowledgeable). 7. The levels of perceived athletic ability were in intermediate range(mean=3.01, with 5.0 as highest score). 8. The levels of attitudes toward physical education were in the intermediate range(mean=3.29, with 5.0 as most favorable). 9. Among the general characteristic variables, sex, interest sports activities were related to the difference of exercise intent levels. 10. Of the predictor variables analyzed, self - esteem, perceived benifit of exercise, perceived athletic ability, knowledge about exercise and attitude about physical education correlated significantly and positively with exercise intent. Correlations of predictors with current exercise behavior were similiar to exercise intent, exept knowledge about exercise. 11. The stepwise multiple regression analysis shows findings as follows: 1) The most important factor to explain the difference of exercise intent was current exercise behavior. 2) The most improtant factor to explain the difference of current exercise behavior was perceived athletic ability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to discover the effects of the short-term home visiting physical therapy program involving patients with some chronic brain disorders at Gimhae City, Kyongnam. Recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) is a very important factor of rehabilitative procedures, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a useful standard of evaluation for it. The FIM is widely used in brain disorder research because it measures real functional activities of daily living. We applied the physical therapy exercise program twice per week (10~15 times repeatedly); a warm-up and cool down exercise performed every ten minutes by active & active-assistive ROM and stretching exercises. Main exercises were composed of getting up & laying down in bed, standing training, walking exercise in the room, and window or wall sliding exercise using affected upper limbs for a total duration of 30 minutes. We collected the data from 20 patients with chronic brain disorders at his/her home and analyzed by means of SPSS/PC+ program (Ver. 10.0). After the six week long physical therapy exercise program, the average was $56.10{\pm}22.59$ point compared with initial $50.55{\pm}19.12$ point by FIM, improved functional ADL ability about 5.55 point, and these changed scores were statistically significant (p=.000). We also studied another factor regarding patient's satisfaction. The majority of subjects (10 people) rated the program with the maximum score of ten points (50.0%), and three people rated it a seven point program (15.0%), the other two subjects gave a rating of nine and eight points (10.0%). Because the program was effective at improving the physical ADL ability and satisfaction of each subject, we suggest continual development and implementation of a home visiting physical therapy program. Further study should involve a longer period of observation with a larger population that is involved in an individually designed home physical therapy program.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.483-493
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• 2022

It is important to improve the efficiency of plant breeding and crop yield to fulfill increasing food demands. In plant phenotyping studies, the capability to correlate morphological traits such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf angle and size of panicle of the plants has an important role. However, manual phenotyping of plants is prone to human errors and is labor intensive and time-consuming. Hence, it is important to develop techniques that measure plant phenotypic traits accurately and rapidly. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of point cloud data based on a 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system for plant phenotyping. The obtained results were then verified through manually acquired data from the sorghum samples. This study measured the plant height, plant crown diameter and the panicle height and diameter. The R² of each trait was 0.83, 0.94, 0.90, and 0.90, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 6.8 cm, 1.82 cm, 5.7 mm, and 7.8 mm, respectively. The results showed good correlation between the point cloud data and manually acquired data for plant phenotyping. The results indicate that the 3D LiDAR system has potential to measure the phenotypes of sorghum in a rapid and accurate way.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1543-1546
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• 2005

This paper presents a method to measure a large surface shape using atomic force microscopy, which has been used mostly for measuring over very tiny surfaces. Experiments are performed to measure a step height and a slope of a test sample. The proposed method is rigorously compared with the coordinate measuring machine. The repetition accuracy and the effects of the set point are also studied. The experimental results show that the proposed method is reliable and should be effective to measure both the nano-accuracy surface profile as well as the micro-accuracy global shape of a macro/micro parts using atomic force microscope.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.589-596
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• 1997

A energy equation for a thin plate and surrounding fluid is derived. The equation essentially determines the relation between internal loss of thin plate, energy of acoustic radiation, and structure intensity. We attempted to use this relation to measure internal loss of thin plate. The significance of this approach is that internal loss at any point of a thin plate can be measured. The quality of this measure is dicated by the accuracy of associated measurement systems such as structure and acoustic intensity measurements. A strain gauge bridge system has been developed to measure structure intensity of thin plate. Its performance is tested by experiments.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.717-730
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• 2002

In this paper we use measure theory to solve a wide range of the nonlinear programming problems. First, we transform a nonlinear programming problem to a classical optimal control problem with no restriction on states and controls. The new problem is modified into one consisting of the minimization of a special linear functional over a set of Radon measures; then we obtain an optimal measure corresponding to functional problem which is then approximated by a finite combination of atomic measures and the problem converted approximately to a finite-dimensional linear programming. Then by the solution of the linear programming problem we obtain the approximate optimal control and then, by the solution of the latter problem we obtain an approximate solution for the original problem. Furthermore, we obtain the path from the initial point to the admissible solution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.356-363
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• 2010

In this Paper, We study on establish for unit of measure. Quality means abstract for customer needs. we surveyed unit of measurement of quality feature of Juran, Taguchi, 6 sigma method. We suggest unit of measurement of quality feature. Each enterprise can use defining own unit of measurement of quality feature. Effect is expected in enterprise that these proposals do quality control. There is meaning in direction that measuring mean of quality feature that propose in this treatise understands actuality to be deeply and reconcile exact point of theory.