• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of various addition and exclusion time of glucose (Control: no addition, A: 24～72 h, B: 24～48 h, C: 48～72 h, D: 0～72 h, E: 0～48 h, F: 0～24 h and 48～72 h, G: 0～24 h) on embryonic developmental capacity of 2-cell embryos in mice. Developed blastocysts were assessed for mean cell number by differential staining. The zona-intact blastocyst (ZiB) rates were higher (p<0.05) in group B than control. However, the zona-escape blastocyst (ZeB) rates were not significantly different in all groups. At 72 h, total blastocyst (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates were not significantly different in all groups. The mean cell number was not significantly different among all groups. The inner cell mass (ICM) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in group F than control, group A, B and G. The trophectoderm (TE) cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than group A and D. The %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in group C, D and F than control. The ICM : TE ratio was not significantly different in all groups. Between control and glucose group, no significant difference was observed in the total blastocysts (ZiB + ZeB) formation rates. Also, no significant difference was observed in the mean cell number, ICM cell number and ICM : TE ratio. However the TE cell number was higher (p<0.05) in control than glucose group and %ICM was higher (p<0.05) in glucose group than control. In conclusion, glucose added in culture medium was not inhibitory on blastocyst formation but glucose added for 48 ～72 h in culture medium increases %ICM of blastocysts in mice.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2020

Purpose: Gastric delta cells (D-cells), which are somatostatin-secreting cells, are the main paracrine inhibitor of acid secretion. The number of D-cells was studied in children presenting with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) disease. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the number of D-cells in the gastric body and antrum through immunofluorescence examinations according to symptoms, endoscopic findings, and Helicobacter pylori infection in 75 children who visited Hanyang University Hospital Pediatrics. Results: The mean patient age was 12.2±3.3 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.4. The mean D-cell number per high-power field in the antrum and body was 20.5 and 12 in children with substernal pain, 18.3 and 10.3 in vomiting, 22.3 and 6 in diarrhea, and 9.3 and 6 in abdominal pain, respectively (p>0.05). According to endoscopic findings, the mean D-cell number in the antrum and body was 14.3 and 6 with gastritis, 14 and 9.3 with reflux esophagitis, 16.7 and 8.7 with duodeno-gastric reflux, 19.3 and 12.7 with gastric ulcer, 16 and 13.7 with duodenitis, and 12.3 and 4 with duodenal ulcer, respectively (p>0.05). The D-cell number in the gastric body was 2.7 and 8.7 in children with current H. pylori infection and non-infected children, respectively (p=0.01), while those in the antrum were 15.5 and 14, respectively, with no statistical significance. Conclusion: The D-cell number was lower in the gastric body of children with current H. pylori infection. Further studies concerning peptide-secreting cells with a control group would provide information about the pathogenic pathways of UGI disorder.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.3_4
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• pp.133-142
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• 1998

Effects of phosphorous (P) and methylglyoxal (MG) on the cell number, dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic and respiratory rate, phosphate uptake and protein content of green algae (Scenedesrnus obliquus) were studied. The algal cell number from the medium treated with 0.5-1.0 mM of MG at 1/2 P or 1/4 P concentration was significantly lower than those of algae treated :with full strength of phosphrous in medium. The inhibitory effect of MG on algal cell division was enhenced at low concentration of phosphorous in medium. At the beginning of logrithmic phase of algal growth, the mean dry weight of algae from the medium without MG-treatment in 1/2 P media was significantly higher than that of algae treated with MG. After logrithmic phase of growth cycle, the mean dry weight of algae from the medium with 1.0 mM of MG-treatment in 1/4 P media was significantly lower than that of algae treated with or without MG. At logrithmic phase of algal growth, there were significant differences in the chlorophyll content among all groups of tested algae with various concentrations of P and MG. At 15 days after inoculation, the mean chlorophyll content per algal cell from the media without MG-treatment in 1/2P was significantly higher than that of other cells from MG-treated media. The adverse effect of MG at concentration of 0.5-1.0mM in 1/2 and 1/4 P media on photosynthetic rate was observed. The mean photosynthetic rate of algal cell without P and MG treatment at 15 days after inoculation was significantly higher than that of MGtreated algae. After logarithmic phase, the algal cell treated with 0.5mM of MG with full strength of phosphorous showed significantly high respiratory rate than that of other cell groups. There were significant differences in mean phosphate uptake rate among all groups of Scenedesmus obliquus at logarithmic phase. At 12 days after inoculation, phosphate uptake rate per each algal cell from the basic media without MG and P treatment was rapidly reduced which shows early introduction to stationary phase.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.12.1-12.11
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• 2022

Objectives: This pilot study aimed to establish the interrelationship between collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on the paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 68 specimens (34 periapical granulomas and 34 periapical cysts). The specimens were stained with picrosirius to observe collagen fiber birefringence and anti-tryptase antibody to evaluate the mast cell count immunohistochemically. The mean number and birefringence of collagen fibers, as well as the mean number of mast cells (total, granulated, and degranulated), and the mean inflammatory cell density were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation test (p < 0.05). Results: The mean number of thick collagen fibers was higher in periapical cysts, while that of thin fibers was higher in granulomas (p = 0.00). Cysts emitted orange-yellow to red birefringence, whereas periapical granulomas had predominantly green fibers (p = 0.00). The mean inflammatory cell density was comparable in all groups (p = 0.129). The number of total, degranulated, and granulated mast cells exhibited significant results (p = 0.00) in both groups. Thick cyst fibers showed significant inverse correlations with inflammation and degranulated mast cells (p = 0.041, 0.04 respectively). Conclusions: Mast cells and inflammatory cells influenced the nature of collagen fiber formation and its birefringence. This finding may assist in the prediction of the nature, pathogenesis, and biological behavior of periapical lesions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.455-462
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the number of the growing and mature follicles in each stage of estrus cycle in mature rats. Eighteen mature rats(Sprague-Dawley, initially 190~230gm) were randomly alloted into 4 groups(proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus) according to estrus cycles. The uteri and ovaries of rats were collected and then alternative sections of paraffin embedding ovaries were stained with H-E. Numbers of large, middle and small follicles or only large and middle follicles from secondary and tertiary follicles were investigated by LM photography of preparations. Small follicles were defined as secondary follicles with 2~5 cell layers of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte, and middle follicles were defined as secondary follicles with more than 5 cell layers or with early signs of antral cavity or with more than one small cleft on either side of the oocytes and large follicles were defined as tertiary follicles with a single medium or large antral cavity. The number of follicles in a pair ovary per rat was appeared to be ranged from 207 to 370 and the mean number of these follicles was $270.4{\pm}52.6$ and the mean number of follicles per ovary was $134.9{\pm}32.0$. The mean number of large, middle and small follicles per ovary was appeared to be $16.4{\pm}4.4$($12.2{\pm}3.3%$), $36.2{\pm}8.6$($26.8{\pm}6.4%$), and $82.7{\pm}24.0$($61.3{\pm}17.8%$), respectively. The mean number of large and middle follicles in each stage group of estrus cycle was appeared to be $17.8{\pm}2.1$ and $38.3{\pm}7.4$ at proestrus stage group, $15.7{\pm}5.2$ and $38.0{\pm}10.0$ at estrus stage group, $16.5{\pm}3.5$ and $33.8{\pm}7.0$ at metestrus stage group, $16.7{\pm}5.8$ and $29.7{\pm}5.5$ at diestrus group, respectively. In histological findings of large follicles during each estrus cycle, the large follicles in proestrus group contain single small antrum, thick granulosa cell layers, and were $300{\sim}500{\mu}m$ in diameter and were growing follicles with PCNA-positive cells in the granulosa cell layers, and other luteinizing follicles of proestrus cycle stage were decreased in size and were thicker in wall thickness and more luteinized than those in metestrus and diestrus stage groups. The large follicles in estrus stage group contain thick granulosa cell layers and nonprominent cumulus-oocyte complexes in antrum, and were $400{\sim}700{\mu}m$ in diameter and were growing follicles with PCNA-positive cells in the granulosa cell layers. The large follicles in metestrus and diestrus stage groups contain enlarged antrums, thinner layers of walls and prominent cumulus-oocyte complexes, and were $700-950{\mu}m$ in diameter, and were nongrowing follicles without PCNA-positive cells or another large follicles contain cells with dark stainability and distinct boundary.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 1995

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of mixed convection heat transfer in a rectangular en-closure with various outlets are numerically investigated. The parameters considered here include Reynolds number, Grashof number and the position of outlet. The results show streamlines, isotherms, Nusselt numbers, velocity and temperature distributions. It has been shown that as Reynolds number increases, the size of cell decreases at Re$\leq$100 and increases at Re>100 for $Gr=10^4$. There is a minimum size of cells at Re=100, $Gr=10^4$. The maximum mean Nusselt number occurs at Re=400, $Gr=10^4$ and one right outlet. The mean Nusselt numbers can be formulated by the correlation equation $Nu=C{\cdot}Gr^a{\cdot}Re^b$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

Samples of bulk herd milk, foremilk, last milk (stripping) and individual cow sample were collected and their somatic cell number were counted with Fossomatic counter (FCC), Coulter counter(CC), direct microscopic somatic cell count(DMSCC) and Califormia mastitis test (CMT), The results were compared and summarized as follows : 1. Mean somatic cell counts of 120 bulk herd milk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 433,203, 481,213 and 676,245 respectively. 2. Mean somatic cell counts of 116 foremilk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 515,035, 611,845 and 725,051 respectively 3. Mean somatic cell counts of 87 last milk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 718,506, 839,874 and 1,041,160 respectively. 4. Mean somatic cell counts of 57 individual cow samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 449,258, 491,018 and 521,315 respectively. 5. Mean somatic cell counts of all samples increased with the increasing CMT score, and the cell counts were higher by CC than by FCC. 6. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CMT and CC were 0.926 in bulk herd milk, 0.707 in foremilk 0.688 in last milk and 0.675 in individual cow sample, respectively 7. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CMT and FCC were 0. 945 in bulk herd milk, 0.705 in foremilk 0.694 in last milk and 0.727 in individual cow sample, respectively. 8. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CC and FCC were 0.978 in bulk herd milk, 0.997 in foremilk 0.983 in last milk and 0.985 in individual cow sample, respectively.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been used as a major treatment strategy for hematological malignancies. The number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product is a very important factor for achieving successful transplantation. We studied the factors that can predict the number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients after mobilizing them with chemotherapy plus G-CSF. A total of 73 patients (AML 19 patients, MM 28 patients, NHL 26 patients) with hematological malignancies had been mobilized with chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor from April, 2000 to February, 2012. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SPSS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1: CD34 cell counts < $2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=16); group 2: $2{\times}10^6/kg{\leq}CD34$ cell counts < $6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=32); group 3: CD34 cell counts ${\geq}6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=25). We analyzed the clinical characteristics, the peripheral blood (PB) parameters and the number of CD34 positive cells in the PB and their correlation with the yield of CD34 positive cells collected from the mobilized patients. The total number of leukapheresis sessions was 263 (mean: 3.55 session per patient), and the mean number of harvested CD34 positive cells per patient was $7.37{\times}10^6/kg$. The number of CD34 positive cells in product was significantly correlated with the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood (P<0.05). The number of PB CD34 positive cells was the best significant factor for the quantity of harvested CD34 positive cells on the linear regression analysis (P<0.05). Many factors could influence the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells. Platelet count and PB CD34 positive cells count were the two variables which remained to be significant in multivariate analysis. Therefore, the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for successful peripheral blood stem cell collection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.10
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

In this paper, we propose a call admission control scheme which can be used in real environment for the traffic cibtrik if a base station if DS-CDNA cellular systems. The proposed scheme estimates the mean and variance of other cell interference by using the values used for the closed loop power control. The reerse link capacity of the base station can be calculated by using the estimated mean and variance of other cell interference. The base station admits a call only if the number of users is less than the calculated reverse link capacity. In addition, we propose a simple method to obtain the equivalent number of voice call users per one data call user in multi-rate traffic environment. The method can be applied to call admission control in multi-rate traffic environment.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2002

Embryos derived from pig oocytes matured in mSOF are able to develop to blastocysts after IVF. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of two maturation media (TCM-199 vs mSOF) on maturation rate, fertilization parameters, including penetration, polyspermy, male pronuclear formation, and the mean number of sperm penetrated per oocyte. Experiment 2 and Experiments 3 examined the effects of two maturation media on zona pellucida solubility and cortical granule distribution by transmissible electron microscopy, respectively. Experiment 4 assessed the effects of two maturation media on the in vitro embryo cleavage rate and development to blastocyst. Lastly, experiment 5 examined the cell number of blastocyst. An effect of media (P<0.05) was detected for mSOF on the mean number of sperm per oocyte. In TCM group, zona digestion time (196.5$\pm$15.5 vs 131.6$\pm$20.1 before IVF, 397.5$\pm$30.3s vs 185.3$\pm$16.4s after IVF, p<0.05) was higher in TCM-199 group. No significant effects of media was observed on cortical granule distribution between two groups by TEM. An effect (P<0.05) was observed on embryo development to blastocyst (16% vs 8%) but not on cleavage rates. No significant effects of media was observed on total cell number of blastocyst. We found that the high mean number of sperm penetrated per oocyte and the weaker zona pellucida on the basis of the digestion time was shown in pig oocytes matured in mSOF, however, porcine oocyte maturation with supplemented synthetic oviduct fluid medium (mSOF) resulted in blastocyst cell numbers comparable to those observed with Tissue Culture Medium 199.