• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 1988

The stage-discharge relation curve(rating curve) is the basic formula in hydrologic analysis. It plays an important role in converting to the discharge from available flood water level data including the daily mean stage. However, the river induces a cross section change at the gauging station because of the composed material of the river bed and three processes of the stream flow; i.e., erosion, transportation, and sedimentation. Rating curve has to be revised according to the temporal variation of the river bed due to the those factors. In this study, the basic rating curve is developed with respect to the current river bed to convert the existing rating curves and also to seize the hydraulic and geometric characteristics for the temporal variation of the river bed, relationships among the basic rating curve and the existing rating curves, water level, cross sectional area, and flow velocity are analyzed. Indogyo station, which is not only the key station of the Han river but also greatly changed the river bed after completion of the Han river development plan during the year 1983 to 1986, was chosen for the study. In this study, the river bed is assumed in a dynamic equilibrium condition. The basic rating curve is developed using hydrologic data of the physical year of 1987. For a given discharge, relationships for conversion of previous data, stage and velocity, the current one are formulated. To verify the usefulness of the relationships, stage-cross sectional area and stage velocity formula are also derived. Both hydrologic method using continuity equation and statistical method by the rating curve are compared and checked, then the validation of the both are positively shown.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.597-611
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• 2013

This paper presents the methodology for construction of time-area curve via the width function and thereby rational estimation of time of concentration and storage coefficient of Clark model within the framework of method of moments. To this end time-area curve is built by rescaling the grid-based width function under the assumption of pure translation and then the analytical expressions for two parameters of Clark model are proposed in terms of method of moments. The methodology in this study based on the analytical expressions mentioned before is compared with both (1) the traditional optimization method of Clark model provided by HEC-1 in which the symmetric time-area curve is used and the difference between observed and simulated hydrographs is minimized (2) and the same optimization method but replacing time-area curve with rescaled width function in respect of peak discharge and time to peak of simulated direct runoff hydrographs and their efficiency coefficient relative to the observed ones. The following points are worth of emphasizing: (1) The optimization method by HEC-1 with rescaled width function among others results in the parameters well reflecting the observed runoff hydrograph with respect to peak discharge coordinates and coefficient of efficiency; (2) For the better application of Clark model it is recommended to use the time-area curve capable of accounting for irregular drainage structure of a river basin such as rescaled width function instead of symmetric time-area curve by HEC-1; (3) Moment-based methodology with rescaled width function developed in this study also gives rise to satisfactory simulation results in terms of peak discharge coordinates and coefficient of efficiency. Especially the mean velocities estimated from this method, characterizing the translation effect of time-area curve, are well consistent with the field surveying results for the points of interest in this study; (4) It is confirmed that the moment-based methodology could be an effective tool for quantitative assessment of translation and storage effects of natural river basin; (5) The runoff hydrographs simulated by the moment-based methodology tend to be more right skewed relative to the observed ones and have lower peaks. It is inferred that this is due to consideration of only one mean velocity in the parameter estimation. Further research is required to combine the hydrodynamic heterogeneity between hillslope and channel network into the construction of time-area curve.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.859-864
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• 2006

Mean shift 는 데이터의 특징을 잘 살려내는 None-parametric 방법으로, 특히 영상처리분야에서 많은 각광을 받아왔다. 하지만 좋은 결과를 보장하는 뛰어난 성능에도 불구하고, 높은 메모리소요와 긴 처리시간에 기인하여, 비디오처리 등의 분야에 적용하기엔 현실적인 제약점이 있다. 상기한 제약점을 극복하기 위해, 본 시스템은 비디오를 분석하여 전경과 후경으로 나눈다. 본 논문은 전경으로 분류된 부분에 대해 각 분리된 개체를구분하고, 좌표변환(coordinate shift)을 실행하여 연산을 할 비디오의 연산의 규모를 줄이는 방법론을 제시한다. 이러한 처리로 매우 많은 처리시간이 단축됨을 실험을 통해 알 수 있었다. 다음으로, 나뉘어진 전경에 3D mean shift를 적용하여 생성된 결과물에 대하여 3D cluster data structure 를 생성하고, 이를 이동하여 인터랙티브 에디팅이 가능하도록 하였다. 후경으로 나뉜 데이터는 이미지 한 장으로 축약이 되며, 2D mean shift 기반의 interactive cartooning system 을 통하여 만화화가 된다. 본 논문은 만화 특유의 단순한 톤을 표현하기 위해, 세밀한 분할이 필요한 부분과 그렇지 않은 부분을 따로 구분하여 처리하는 레이어처리방법을 제안한다. 위의 과정을 여러 실사이미지에 적용, 실험해본 결과 기존의 연구결과에 비해 매우 짧은 시간 내에 대상의 특징이 잘 나타낸 양질의 결과물이 생성되었다. 이러한 결과물은 출판, 영상편집분야 등 여러 분야에서 요긴하고 간편하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.400-405
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• 1998

The pharmacokinetics of CJ-50001 (recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, developed by R&D center of Cheil Jedang Corp.) were investigated in rats and dogs. The serum concentrations of CJ-50001 were measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. After single intravenous (iv) administration of Cf-50001 to rats at a dose of 5 $\mu$g/kg, the mean terminal half-life and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were 0.96 h and 124.497g . h/ml, respectively. After single subcutaneous (sc) administration at the same dose, maximum serum concentration was observed at about 2 hours after administration, and the mean terminal half-life, AUC and the bioavailability were 1.11 h,63.58$\mu$g . h/ml and 51.07%, respectively. In repeated dosing studies, CJ-50001 was administered iv and sc to rats at a daily dose of 5$\mu$g/kg for 7 days. The pharmacokinetic parameters, such as mean AUC and terminal half-life, were no significantly different from those of single administration. Following single iv and sc administration of CJ-50001 to dogs at a dose of 5 $\mu$g/kg, mean AUCs were much higher than those of rats, due to the decreased clearence (CL). After sc administration to dogs, maximum serum concentration was observed at 2~4 hours after administration and the bioavailability was 54.60%.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2021

Background and Objectives To assess the effectiveness of overnight orthokeratology (OK) in myopia using a new contact lens design over a one-month wearing period. Materials and Methods Participants were required to have myopia between -3.00 and -7.50D and astigmatism ≤ 2.00 D to participate in the study. The participants underwent OK with the White OK lens^® (Interojo, Pyungtek, Korea), which has a 6-curve lens design. Participants were assessed at weeks 1, 2, and 4 using slit-lamp bio-microscopy, and tested for refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and corneal topography. Success was defined as achieving a Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) ≤ 0.1. Results A total of 46 eligible subjects with a mean age of 23.11 ± 7.89 years were recruited. Baseline logMAR was 1.18 ± 0.30 and a consistent decrease in logMAR was observed from week 1 to week 4. The success rate was 95.35% at week 4. The mean sphere significantly decreased from a mean pre-fitting value of -4.58 ± 1.28 D to a mean value of -0.65 ± 0.69 D at week 4 (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant corneal flattening was detected during keratometry at week 4. Conclusion Overnight OK with the White OK lens is effective for the correction of moderate and high myopia with astigmatism over a one-month wearing period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.137-137
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• 2021

The study of total phenol (TP) content from 700 rice varieties was evaluated using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The calibration curve of serial diluted gallic acid as a standard of this study showed the acceptable performances (R² = 0.999, mean accuracy 90%) and the mean of % relative standard deviation (%RSD: 0.07%) within the range of 7.8 to 1000 ppm concentrations. The mean value of total phenol content from 700 rice varieties was 2723.15 ㎍/g ranged from 55.48 ㎍/g to 9922.23 ㎍/g and the mean %RSD was 2.5%. Furthermore, this study aim was to analyze and profile individual phenolic compounds in the rice genetic resources to construct an integrative database for development of new rice variety with high functionality for health and understanding of phenolics characteristics in the rice grain. Herein, we analyzed selected 100 rice varieties based on high TP content and identified total 15 phenolic compounds by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Among selected 100 rice genetic resources, the phenolic metabolites consisted of higher amount of flavonoid (catechin) and phenolic acid mainly protocatechuic acid. Further research of more selected rice genetic resources would be continued to provide for an integrative phenolics profile of different rice genetic resources.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2002

Mature weight (A) and rate of maturing (k) estimated by nonlinear regression were studied to determine the optimum age range over which the estimate of growth curve parameters can be estimated. The weight-age data from 1,133 Hanwoo bulls at Hanwoo Improvement Center of N.A.C.F. were used to fit the growth curve using Gompertz model. All available weight data from birth to the specific age of months were used for the estimation of parameters: the six specific ages used were 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 22 and 24 months of age. The mean estimates of mature weight (A) were 966.5, 1,255.9, 1,126.2, 916.5, 842.2, 780.9 and 767.0kg for ages 12 through 24 months, respectively. The mean estimates of mature weight (A) to 22 and 24 months of age were not different from each other. However, they were different from the estimates based on the data to other ages. Mean estimates of rate of maturing (k) were 3.362, 3.595, 3.536, 3.421, 3.403, 3.409 and 3.411 for ages 12 through 24 months, respectively. The mean estimates of maturing rate (k) for ages 18 through 24 months of age were not significantly different from each other. However, they were different from the estimates based on the data to other ages. Correlations among estimates of A at various ages showed the highest value of 0.93 between 22 and 24 months. Correlations among estimates of k at various ages were highest ranging from 0.91 to 0.99 among 18 to 24 months. The correlations between A and k were positive and tended to decrease with the increase of the age from 0.84 for the age of 12 months to 0.10 for the age of 24 months. Thus, the estimates of growth curve parameters, A and k, suitable for genetic studies can be derived from accumulated Hanwoo bulls after 22 months of age.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2001

This study was performed to develope stem analysis program(Stemwin1.0) which can be used in PC with MS-Windows operating system. Stemwin1.0 uses width of annual tree ring measured with 1/100mm unit, and calculate increments of several growth factors such as DBH, height and volume with various methods. Mean DBH can be calculated by arithmetic and quadratic mean methods. Height can be estimated by parallel line, line extending and height curve methods. Volume can be estimated by Huber, Smalian, and Spline functions. Not only Total growth, Mean Annual Increment(MAI) and Current Annual Increment(CAI) of growth factors, but also merchantable volume and height, form factor, growth rate, and merchantable volume rate are automatically calculated. Stemwin1.0 can also output accurate stem taper curve with various scale, and prepare stem taper data(diameter at different disk heights) for statistical analysis for deriving stem taper model. Stemwin1.0 can export output data and graph to Excel for more compatible use of it.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-53
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• 1974

A single dose of pilocarpine was subcutaneously injected into the rabbit in order to clarify the effects of cholinergic activities on the secretion of the pulmonary surfactant. The animal was sacrificed four hours after the injection, and the pressure-volume curve of the excised lung was obtained. The surfactant activities of the lung washings were also measured, and a comparison was made with the normal. The pressure-volume curve of the excised lung by the injection and ejection of air formed a loop (hysteresis) and the mean intra-alveolar pressure at 35 ml of air was 220 $mmH_20$ in the normal. The mean deflation curve of the pilocarpine treated rabbit lungs was shifted to the left compared with the normal. The surfactant activities were slightly increased than the normal. The above results suggest that pilocarpine stimulates the secretion of the pulmonary surfactant from the Type II alveolar epithelial cell.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.10-16
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify relationships between a central angle and a radius of curvature of divided roads in flat terrain of traditional villages, suggesting layout criteria for traditional villages: Nak-an, Sung-Eup, Ha-Whe. This study is sought to find the optimum model through the various SAS regression analyses. a regression analysis of this data was adopted to induce the relationship formula between a central angle of curve and a radius of curvature. Results of this study are as follows: 1) Most of the divided roads in traditional villages have a complex curve rather than a simple curve. 2) A central angle of curve has ranged from 11$^{\circ}$to 127$^{\circ}$, with a mean degree of 63.9. 3) In the lower level of central angle(11-40$^{\circ}$), the branch roads have distributed with a high frequency, but with a low frequency in the higher level of central angle(90-140$^{\circ}$). 4) A radius of curvature in the divided roads has ranged from 0.9m to 59.6, but half of the roads have concentrated on 1-6m of the curvature. 5) Compared to the result of hilly villages in previous study(Ahn, 1999), value of central angels in flat villages is lower than that of hilly villages, while a mean value of the curvature is higher than that of hilly villages. 6) A Non-linear regression analysis, resulting from the SAS application, was useful method to induce a relationship formula between a central angle and a radius of curvature in the branch roads. Our study's formula is as follow: R=100.3*EXP(-0.06*$\delta$)+3.91. 7) Our study model has less error than that of the Kishizuka's method, being applicable to a broader range of the branch roads. 8) A minimum radius of curvature in our study has showed 3.9m, suggesting to reconsider applications of the Kishizuka's(5.8m) in the footpass design, In the study for this presupposition model the efficiency and utility of it can be estimated to grow large according to how much and how far it includes both extremes of data. This study is for the application to a design in future through the numerical formula of divided roads of various traditional villages. The studies from now on will be about the quasi-hilly quasi-hilly village and hilly village supplementing these factors more.