• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2000

The occurrence of Anagyrus kamali, a solitary endoparasite of the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus has been reported for the first time from India. The parasitoid was fecund to parasitizing the field population of mealybug to the tune of 10.37 to 42.70% in different months. A comprehensive study on the development of the parasitoid on different stages of mealybug indicated that the parasitoid was able to complete its development in all the stages. Higher parasitism (67.48-78.08%) and more female progeny were observed when 3rd instar nymphs and adult female of the mealybug were exposed to the parasitoid. The biology of A. kamali studied at 25${\pm}1^{\circ}C$ temperature and 60${\pm}$$\pm$1.12 days. The duration of egg, larva (3 instars) and pupa were 2.67${\pm}$${\pm}$${\pm}$${\pm}$

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.117-120
• /
• 2001

In India, mulberry (Morus spp.), the sole food plant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Linn.), is prone to infestation by the pink mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green). Infestation by this pest causes apical shoot malformation, popularly known as 'tukra'. Occurrence of tukra causes an appreciable reduction in leaf yield and quality, leading to low silkworm cocoon productivity. For management of M. hirsutus (Tukra), an IPM package comprising mechanical, chemical and biological measures was demonstrated in the mulberry gardens of five Government Silk Farms in Mysore District (Karnataka, India) during 1995-96. A suppression of 76.0% in tukra incidence and 90.19% in mealybug population was recorded by employ the IPM package which led to an estimated 4,000 kg recovery in leaf yield/ha/year. The impact of IPM package in the management of M. hirsutus, the role of biocontrol agent (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls.) in pest suppression and the cost-benefit analysis of the IPM package are discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.1013-1017
• /
• 2020

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) harbor diverse microbial symbionts that play essential roles in host physiology, ecology, and evolution. In this study we aimed to reveal microbial communities associated with two different mealybugs, papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) and two-tailed mealybug (Ferrisia virgata) collected from the same host plant. Comparative analysis of microbial communities associated with these mealybugs revealed differences that appear to stem from phylogenetic associations and different nutritional requirements. This first report on both bacterial and fungal communities associated with these mealybugs provides a preliminary insight on factors affecting the endomicrobial communities.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.199-209
• /
• 2015

The family Pseudococcidae or mealybugs (Hemiptera) are common pests on ornamental plants and fruit trees in tropical regions of the world. Previously, the mealybug fauna of Cambodia and Laos comprised 22 species and 12 species, respectively. Recently, we collected 13 mealybug species in Cambodia and Laos. Among these, eight species were found in these countries for the first time: Phenacoccus solani (Ferris, 1918) and Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green, 1908) in Cambodia; Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (Beardsley, 1959) in both countries; Paracoccus invectus (Williams, 2004), Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley, 1898), Planococcus litchi (Cox, 1989), Planococcus minor (Maskell, 1897) and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi (Gimpel & Miller, 1996) in Laos.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2011

The number of comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) suddenly increased at ginseng fields in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do from mid July to early August. By the late of September just before digging up the roots of ginseng, more than 8 individuals of the comstock mealybug per plant were occurred and evenly dispersed around the roots. Through the bioassay in the laboratory, six environmental friendly agricultural materials (for example, Nobug, Kkagsami, GB-1, GB-2, GB-3, GB-5) containing sophora extract or paraffin oil as main components were selected by the effective control agents for controlling the comstock mealybug. These selected agents showed a quite similar insecticidal activities to 2 insecticides such as clothianidin and thiamethoxam registered in control of ginseng insect pests. Also. in the ginseng field test, the agent containing sophora extract and paraffin oil, like 2 insecticides showed high control effects against the comstock mealybug.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.71-73
• /
• 2011

The legless mealybug, Antonina nakaharai Williams and Miller (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is recorded from bamboos (Poaceae) in Korea. An identification key to adult females of three species of Antonina from the Korean Peninsula is also provided.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2016

Previously, only 25 species of Pseudococcidae (mealybugs) were known to occur in Cambodia, and only 18 species in Laos. In 2015, we collected 14 mealybug species in these two countries, including six species not previously known to occur in these areas: Coccidohystrix insolita (Green, 1908) in Cambodia; Antonina graminis (Maskell, 1897) in both countries; and Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead, 1894), Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992, Phenacoccus solani (Ferris, 1918), and Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green, 1908) in Laos.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.773-788
• /
• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the damage patterns, the occurrence and migration time of Pseudococcus comstocki and in order to improve the control effect of organic agricultural materials (OAMs). The experiment was carried out at Okcheon's organic vineyard ($2,500m^2$, sandy loam, manure) where planted 8~9 year old 'Muscat of Alexandria' vines. The comstock mealybug's migration to grape clusters occurred from the middle of July, and produced eggs in the grape clusters from the end of July, and the density of the comstock mealybug was highest at $0.6cm^2$ in late August. The number and fruit damage of comstock mealybug in eco-friendly vineyards were higher than in conventional culture vineyard. And the marketability of green variety grape was more damaged from comstock mealybug than the black variety grape. Toxicities of 8 OAMs were evaluated to comstock mealybug at the recommended concentration. As a results, Lightyellow sophora and Derris extracts exhibited strong insecticidal activity with 100% mortality. When the Lightyellow sophora extract was uniformly distributed on the vine from early-July to mid-July, fruit damage reduction rate was 96.2% and 84.6%, respectively. So commercial grapes could be harvested. Therefore, it was considered to be effective to reduce fruit damage by controlling in early - late July (the green stage) when the comstock mealybug migrated to grape clusters in the vine greenhouse. In the future, it will be necessary to study the effect of external exposure time and momentum on the control of OAMs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2018

The comstock mealybug is one of the serious insect pest in pear. It is necessary effective control methods such as attractive sex pheromone. Using sex pheromones is necessary for studying the physiology and ecology of insect pests. In the present study, the sex pheromone of comstock mealybug was used for investigating the flying acts of the adult male. As temperature increased, the development period of eggs shortened, but it was longer at $30^{\circ}C$. The mean number of eggs laid was 482 at $25^{\circ}C$ and males constituted 37% of the experimental population at $30^{\circ}C$. The flight of the male comstock mealybug was mostly restricted to a 2-4 hour period after sunrise, even if condition of light period is changed. Male mealybugs were incapable of upwind flight towards an attractant when air velocity was 1.5 mph. Preference of height was tested in a pear orchard. The ineffective heights of the traps were 2 and 2.5 m, whereas the effective heights were 1 and 1.5 m. Many captured males at 0.5, 1, and 5 m, and the number of captured males were similar in 10, 15, and 20 m. Male mealybugs were captured up to a distance of 50 m, suggesting that it is possible to control the male mealybugs that are more than 50 m away when sex pheromone traps are used.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.133-137
• /
• 2016

In Korea, six mealybug species have been reported on pears. This study investigated the occurrence of mealybugs in 19 pear orchards from 2013 to 2014. Two species, Crisicoccus matsumotoi Siraiwa (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Pseudococcus comstocki Kuwana were mainly found. The dominant species was C. matsumotoi identified on 73% of infested fruit. Toxicities of 14 registered insecticides (Buprofezin+Acetamiprid EC, Buprofezin+Amitraz EC, Buprofezin+Clothianidin SC, Buprofezin+Dinotefuran WP, Buprofezin+Etofenprox WG, Buprofezin+Thiacloprid SC, Buprofezin+Thiamethoxam SC, Benfuracarb WG, Acetamiprid WP, Clothianidin SC, Dinotefuran WG, Thiacloprid SC, Thiamethoxam WG, Sulfoxaflor SC) commonly used to control P. comstocki were evaluated to C. matsumotoi nymphs and adults at the recommended concentration. As a results, all insecticides exhibited strong insecticidal activity with 100% mortality of both nymphs and adults. These results indicate that the 14 insecticides can be used in control for C. matsumotoi in field.