• Clinical Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic balance exercise after intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) therapy in elderly patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis. Method: 30 patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: dynamic balance exercise after HA injection group (group A) and only HA injection group (group B). Both groups administered intra-articular HA injection and group A patients continued 20-session exercises for 4 weeks. The assessments were measured before injection and 4 weeks after treatment using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for physical function, Berg balance scale (BBS), and computerized dynamic posturography using SMART Balance Master system for balance function. Results: In both groups, significant improvements in VAS, WOMAC and balance function were observed. Compared between groups, group A showed significant improvements compared to group B in WOMAC and balance function. Conclusion: It is suggested that dynamic balance exercise may result in improved balance function and physical function in elderly patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study is to introduce pain measurement tools that are considered suitable for clinical practice and research for Korean Medicine Doctors. Methods : We analysed some widely used and also useful pain measurement tools in terms of their methods and dimensions. Results : Diagrams, scales and questions are usually used to measure pain intensity, temporal pattern, treatment including exacerbating and/or relieving factors, pain location, pain interference, pain quality, pain affect, pain duration, pain beliefs and pain history. Specific pain measurements are also available for specific conditions such as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Oswestry Disability Index and Neck Disability Index. Conclusions : Faces Pain Rating Scale, numeric rating scale, visual analogue scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire and Brief Pain Inventory and commonly used pain measurements. Specific measurements should be considered depending on research topics.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.596-600
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• 1989

The simple and mixed ligand complexes of cadmium-oxalate-citrate systems have been studied with differential pulse polarography at 25${\circ}$C, in the solution with constant ionic strength, ${\mu}$= 1.0 ($NaNO_3$) and pH 8.0. Using the graphical methods by DeFord-Hume and Schaap-McMasters, the overall stability constants for the mixed ligand complexes, $\beta_{ij}$, were found to be: $log\beta_{11}$ = 4.91, $log\beta_{12}$ = 4.99, and log $log\beta_{21}$ = 5.18, respectively. Various equilibria involved in the mixed system have also been discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.40
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• pp.5-37
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out some characteristics of the family functions of single mothers to provide some useful data for the development of programs which may help single mothers to improve their family functions. The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) which is composed of problem solving function (PS), communication function (CF), role function (RC), emotional reaction function (ER), emotional involvement (EI), behavioral control function (BC), and general function (GC) and McCubbins' FSI were administered to single mothers and their adolescent children and mothers and their adolescent children of ordinary families (control family). The single mothers' perception of their family function was lower than that of control family mothers in an the 7 categories of FAD. The perceptions of the family function of the single mothers' children were lower than those of control family mothers' children. There was on significant difference between the perceptions of single mothers and their children in PS, ER, EI, GC of their family. However, single mothers' perception in RC and BC was lower than that of their children, and the children's perception in CF were lower than that of their mothers. Single mothers who fall on the period of single motherhood was shorter than 7 years perceived their families' function as lower than that of single mothers' who fall on the periods of single motherhood longer than 7 years in all categories. Generally speaking, the single mothers' family functions were lower than that of control family. The different characteristics of each single mother's family functions should be considered in developing programs for single mothers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.458-465
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• 2019

Experimental animation is an independent art animation and a visual art that is integrated with the spirit of experimentation. Norman McLaren pursues original beauty in each piece through scientific exploration of visual expression technology and experiment that transcends common sense with great creativity and sensitivity, and the aesthetic value of animation is very high as the master of experimental animation that has brought innovation of real image media today. Therefore, it is meaningful to analyze the experimental expressions of Norman McLaren, who expanded the field of experimental animation by challenging various techniques and carried out a ceaseless search for motion creation between each frame, and to study the expressions of movement he focused on. The most significant feature of his movement expression was analyzed as repetition of motion and repetition of metamorphosis. I hope that this derivation will be understood as experimental animation of experimental method which requires more specific type of inquiry than simple question about experimental method. Also, I hope that it will be meaningful as a preliminary study to deeply explore the possibility and direction of animation creation in university education.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.343-345
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• 1993

Eight hundred and seventy on goats from Naikhongchari FSR site in Bandarban district were examined for gastro-intestinal nematodes. The parasites encountered in the region were Haemonchus Sp, Bunostomum Sp, Oesophagostomum Sp and Strongyloides Sp. The overall infection rate was 78.41%. Among various species found. Haemonchus Sp emerged as the most prevalent, although Oesophagostomum and Bunostomum were also found in this studies. The seasonal fluctuation in infection was assessed by monitoring the fecal egg count. The maximum values for the prevalence and overall mean EPG were observed after the heavy rain fall season and remained at a relatively high level from June to November. Haemonchus Sp and Oesophagostomum Sp appeared to be of major important parasites in the goats of this climatic zone which deserved proper treatment to attain higher production from goat.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

Pulmonary embolism (PE), which can originate as a consequence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is the most frequent and potentially fatal venous thromboembolic event. Despite the fact that the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Asians is lower than that in the Western populations, a recent epidemiologic study demonstrates an increasing incidence of VTE in the Korean population. Anticoagulants, including low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and vitamin K antagonist (VKAs), have been the main treatments for PE, however, recently new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were introduced. We will review how well patients with PE can be managed with the existing anticoagulants and NOACs along with the time span of treatment, which still pose some challenges for clinicians.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1111-1120
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• 2005

Hong and Nel in [8] obtained a number of spectral dualities between a cartesian closed topological category X and a category of algebras of suitable type in X in accordance with the original formalism of Porst and Wischnewsky[12]. In this paper, there arises a dual adjointness S $\vdash$ C between the category X = Lim of limit spaces and that A of MV-algebras in X. We firstly show that the spectral duality: $S(A)^{op}{\simeq}C(X^{op})$ holds for the dualizing object K = I = [0,1] or K = 2 = {0, 1}. Secondly, we study a duality between the category of Tychonoff spaces and the category of semi-simple MV-algebras. Furthermore, it is shown that for any $X\;\in\;Lim\;(X\;{\neq}\;{\emptyset})\;C(X,\;I)$ is densely embedded into a cube $I^/H/$, where H is a set.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.127-129
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• 2014

A male, 3.5 month old Pomeranian dog was diagnosed with a natural infection of Crenosoma (C.) vulpis in Daejeon, Korea. First stage larvae of C. vulpis were detected by fecal examination using the Baermann technique. Thoracic radiographs revealed mild, pervasive bronchial infiltration of the lung. Enumeration of larvae via the McMaster technique revealed 1,600 larvae per gram of feces. The dog was treated with mebendazole, and clinical symptoms were resolved 2 weeks post-treatment, as indicated by the subject presenting fecal tests negative for C. vulpis.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 수직 단일관에서의 재관수(reflux) 응축 현상에서 증기유량이 역류제한치보다 큰 경우에 발생하는 다양한 유동 패턴을 예측하고, 그 동적 특성을 해석하기 위한 모델을 개발하였다. 특히 L/D가 큰 재관수 응축기에서 발생하는 충전 방출 모드에서의 동적 특성을 예측하는 것이 목표이다. 응축기의 내부를 액체와 증기의 두 영역으로 나누어 질량, 에너지, 운동량 보존에 입각한 본 모델은, 형성된 물기둥의 진동시 갈래질 경계(bifurcation boundary)와 진동주기를 예측할 수 있다. 이 모델은 McMaster 대학에서 수행한 실험결과와 비교한 결과 양호한 예측을 했고, 튜브 직경변화 효과를 잘 묘사하였다. 이러한 단순 모델은 재관수 응축기의 설계시에 설계변수를 도출하는데 사용될 수 있고, 인위적으로 부여한 압력펄스를 이용하여 재관수 응축기의 운전영역을 개선하는데 기초로 활용될 수 있다.