• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.278-285
• /
• 2012

Cymbidium goeringii is one of the most important and popular species in the orchid family in north-east Asia. In the present study, we prepared multiplex PCR system, and used it for the genotyping of eight simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers (CG409, CG415, CG709, CG722, CG787, CG1023, CG1210, and CG1281) in subject with 40 samples of cultivated varieties. All the analyzed samples showed different combined genotypes. The average combined power of discrimination was very high value of $7.14{\times}10^{-10}$, and observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.466) was similar with two wild populations of C. goeringii, which may indicate no or little occurrence of genetic change after collection from wild habitats. The present study also developed a two-dimensional barcode to express information of genotype results of eight SSR markers (SSR DNA ID). The discrimination power of DNA ID between two individuals will be statistically more than 99.999999%. The SSR DNA ID and two-dimensional barcode may be very usefully applied for the discrimination and maintence of cultivars of C. goeringii.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.246-251
• /
• 1989

A medicinal legume crop, Cassia tora L., was grown with four different seeding dates in 1986 field condition to find the flowering and pod setting characteristics. Initial flowering date and flowering duration were almost same between plants sown from April 20 to May 30, but those of plants seeded at June 20 were significantly delayed and shortened. Last flowering date, however, was not different between plants sown from April 20 to June 20. C. tora plants showed indeterminate flowering habit, and bloomed vigorously from fourth date after initial flowering. Numbers of flowers, ovules and pods per plant were decreased along with delaying seeding date, and ovule to flower ratio and pod to flower ratio were greatly decreased in June 20 seeding plot. Flowers bloomed on second week from initial flowering showed the highest number of ovules and pods, and flowers bloomed after early September did not develop to matured pods. Maximum values of pod length, number of seeds per pod and 1000-grain weight were obtained from flowers bloomed on second week from initial flowering of plants sown from April 20 to May 30, and first week in June 20 seeding plot.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 1998

Seeds of medicinal soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merill] are characterized by a black seed coat, white stripe at hilum border, yellow cotyledon, and very small seed weight. Production of this medicinal soybean has recently increased as a consumption increased. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth characteristics and seed yield of collected medicinal soybeans and to obtain basic information on production practices and breeding materials. The collected medicinal soybean lines were cultivated at three locations for two years. Twenty-seven lines were planted at the Research Farm, Korea University, Namyangju city, on May 23, and at the Research Farm, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, on May 20, 1995. In 1996 field experiments, forty-four lines were planted on May 25, at Research Farm, Korea University, and twenty-seven lines among those were planted on June 7 at the Research Farm of National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station, Milyang city. The investigated lines had purple or white flower. Flowering and maturing dates were similar or later than those of the control cultivars. Branch number was greater for the investigated lines. One hundred-seed weight of the lines ranged from 8.5 to 15.0 g. Mean seed yields ranged from 1.54 to 2.89 MT/ha. Nine lines of the investigated medicinal soybeans showed higher yield capacity than the control cultivars. Further research should be done on the improvement of the production system and breeding program of medicinal soybeans.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 2013

The study on the major insect pests community of Hibiscus syriacus. There were three orders, seven families, and thirteen species of insects harmful to H. syriacus. When the harmful insects eating H. syriacus were classified according to which part of the flower they were eating, insects eating leaves, which considered of nine species four families and one order, accounted for 69.23 %. Insects sucking juice from leaves and stems comprised 15.38 %, with two species two families and two orders, while insects eating seeds comprised 15.38 %, with two species two families and two orders. Aphis gossypii appeared once per H. syriacus from the fourth week of April to the second week of June, appearing the most at a rate of 69.05 per H. syriacus during the first week of May. Dichocrocis surusalis appeared at a rate of 0.05 per H. syriacus during the third week of April and regularly appeared from the first week of July to the second week of September. Nortacha derogata appeared at a rate of 0.1 per tree during the first week of May, after which it continuously appeared until the third week of October. Anomis privata appeared at a rate of 0.05 per tree during the first week of May and continuously occurred from the fourth week of June to the fourth week of October. Its occurrence was most frequent at 2.30 per tree during the third week of September.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.221-225
• /
• 2008

Lilium formolongi 'Fl August' plantlets with scale-leaves and scale-bulb were treated at 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, or 45 days and planted in February, March, April and May. In the April planting, flowering percentage was below 10% and in the May planting no flowering occurred. Sprouting and flowering percentages were lower at the late planting times. Days to flowering of the April planting was 110.8 days compared to 128 days for the February planting. Plant height and numbers of leaves were reduced to 7.2 in May planting, compared to 40.5 leaves in February planting, and almost no flowers emerged in either the April or May plantings. Plantlets exposed to 10 or $15^{\circ}C$ flowered at 80 percent or higher at all treatment durations, but at 20 or $25^{\circ}C$ flowering percentages were lower, with 30% or less in the $25^{\circ}C$ treatment. In the $15^{\circ}C$ treatment days to flowering were less than 100 days, while the number of flowers and flower bud differentiation were greatest in the $15^{\circ}C$ treatment. Cytokinin and auxin were analyzed in bulblets grown at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$. T-zeatin content was three times greater in the $15^{\circ}C$ treatment than at $25^{\circ}C$, but the content of indoleacetic acid (IAA) was less at $15^{\circ}C$ than at 20 and $25^{\circ}C$. In the $15^{\circ}C$ treatment, T-zeatin content was about twice the IAA content in the scale- bulblet. The auxin and cytokinin balance may affect flower bud differentiation. $15^{\circ}C$ with 30 days was most effective for flowering in scale-bulblet and planting of February and March were effective for flowering too.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.10
• /
• pp.1638-1648
• /
• 2013

To promote the utilization of wild edible plants, this study examined blanching, drying, and fermentation as methods for enhancing the functionality of Hemerocallis coreana Nakai. Specimens fermented for 24 hours at a fermentation temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, with a relative humidity of 65%, contained the highest amount of organic acid (18,109.82 mg/100 g). For the blanched; specimens, total organic acid content decreased about 30% compared with the freeze-dried specimens. The main organic acid of Hemerocallis coreana Nakai was confirmed as succinic acid. After fermentation, free sugars decreased; in particular, specimens fermented at a relative humidity of 80% showed a 32~75% reduction in free sugar compared with the freeze-dried specimens. In terms of amino acid content, Hemerocallis coreana Nakai was mainly composed of valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. In fermented specimens the total amino acid content was highest in a moderately fermented (17 hr) specimen, (1,010.71 mg/100 g fresh wt.), but decreased in the maximally fermented (24 hr) specimen. The longer the fermentation, the higher the decrease in non-essential amino acids content, while the content of more essential amino acids consistently increased. In conclusion, since seasoned Hemerocallis coreana Nakai contains a considerable amount of glutamine and asparagine, it has a fresh sour and sweet taste; thus, it will likely be a highly preferred wild edible plant. Also, with an increase of essential amino acids after fermentation, Hemerocallis coreana Nakai is excellent in terms of nutrition. Thus, it may be possible to utilize fermented Hemerocallis coreana Nakai in the development of diverse products.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2010

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of planting times on the growth and yield of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) in non-heated greenhouse in Jeju Island ($33^{\circ}28.110N,\;126^{\circ}31.076E$), Korea. Five transplanting dates (from Feb. 25 to Apr. 30) of the first half of the year and six transplanting dates (from July 30 to Dec. 15) of the second half of the year were compared. In the spring cycle, most of the flower buds emerged from May to June, and the emergence was slightly earlier in 'Imperial Star' than in 'Green Globe'. The earliest harvest on June 16 was 'Imperial Star' which was planted on Feb. 25. The highest yield of 856 kg/10a was observed in 'Imperial Star' which was planted on Feb. 25. Transplanting of the first half of the year, it was impossible to harvest in the same year when the planting was done after April 15 since the flower buds were not emerged. The flower buds emerged from late Feb. to middle April of the following year in the all planting times of the second half of the year. It was possible to harvest the first time in early April. The highest yield was 2,127 kg/10a in 'Green Globe' which was planted on July 30, and the yields decreased as the planting times were delayed. In the comparisons of planting times of artichoke, it would be recommendable to plant artichoke on Feb. 25 for the same year harvest and in July 30~Oct. 15 for the following year harvest in Jeju Island non-heated greenhouse cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2003

Properties of seed production in Corydalis, spring ephemeral, group were studied during two years at Namhansansung area. Corydalis´ flower was out in the early April and its seed dispersed in the early May. The period of total seed production was 30 days. The decrease rate of sex organs was the highest between deflowering time and early fruiting time. The numbers of flower and seed per plant were in the range of 1∼13 and 0∼76, respectively. And the number of seed per fruit was from zero to twenty. In a plant, seed production was the most (11.8 seeds) in the lowest fruit and conspicuously decreased along the upward fruit. In the same plant, seed production was various by each year. The plants of small tuber size produced more seeds and those of large tuber size produced fewer seeds in the next year than this year. In the early growth season, the flowering plants/total plants rate increased in proportion to plant size (tuber volume), the rate of the smallest size class (<100 ㎣) was in the range of 5.0%(1999)∼5.4%(2000), those over the 600 ㎣ size classes were 100%. The number of flower per plant at the same size class were higher in 2000 than in 1999. Especially, at the size class of 900 ㎣≤, the numbers of flower per plant were 13.2 in 2000 and 6.5 in 1999. In the late growth season, the flowering plants/total plants rates were 13.3%in the smallest size class (<100 ㎣)and 100% over the 500 ㎣ size classes. Therefore, the flowering plants/total plants rates along the size classes were higher in the late growth season than in the early one. The bumer of fruit or seed per plant increased in proportion to the volume and dry weight of tuber, there was not significant and varied along each plant in the same size class. The number of fruit or seed per plant conspicuously increased in proportion to the leaf area. Therefore, it was thought that seed production was related to photosynthetic ability during growth season.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 2007

The chemical components of flesh persimmon flowers (petal and calyx), and the qualify of hot-water extracts (teas) prepared from powders of these flower parts, were investigated In flesh petal and calyx, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and carbohydrate were 84.8% 0.4% 0.3% and 13.7% respectively. The values were not significantly different when the two tissues were compared. In petal and calyx respectively, the crude ash values were 0.5% and 1.1% of flesh weights, the vitamin C content were 192.3mg% and 392.7ng%, the flavonoid levels were 98.4 mg% and 355.2mg% and the carotenoid content were 0.8mg% and 3.8mg%. Hot air and freeze drying methods applied to petals, prior to powder preparation, did not affect the levels of soluble solids or soluble annins. Extract from calyx had higher L values, higher ${-\alpha}$ values, more soluble tannins, greater 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhy-drazylradical-scavenging activities, me lower pH values, than did exracts from petal. Fructose and glucose were higher in petal extract than in calyx extract, but sucrose was higher in calyx extracts. Extract of freeze-dried powdered petals had significantly higher free sugar levels than did exracts from petals dried with hot air. The major organic acids in extracts were citric acid, oxalic acid, and malic acid. The levels of organic acids were inversely related to free sugar levels in all flower parts and after all drying methods tested. Sensory tests of aroma, taste and overall acceptability yielded scores above medium for all teas, regardless of the flower part powdered, or the drying method used. The results show that the petal and calyx of persimmon may be used to make tea and perhaps other foods.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 2019

Strawberry ($Fragaria{\times}ananassa$) is one of the most important and popular fruit crops in the world, and 'Sulhyang' is one of the principal cultivars cultivated in the Republic of Korea for the domestic market. The growth and flower induction in strawberry is the process which influences directly on fruit bearing and yield of this crop. In this study, effect of benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid ($GA_3$), and salicylic acid (SA) on growth and flower bud induction in strawberry 'Sulhyang' was investigated. The 3-week-old runner plants, grown in 21-cell propagation trays, were potted and cultivated in growth chambers with $25^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$ (day/night) temperatures, 70% relative humidity (RH), and light intensity of $300{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) provided by white light emitting diodes (LEDs). The runner plants were treated with one of three concentrations, 0 (control), 100, and $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of BA, $GA_3$, or SA solution. The chemicals were sprayed two times on leaves of runner plants at an interval of two weeks. After 9 weeks the results showed that the application of all chemicals caused reduction of root length and chlorophyll (SPAD) content as compared to the control. The lowest chlorophyll (SPAD) content was recorded in plants treated with $GA_3$. However, the treatment of $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ promoted leaf area, leaf fresh weight, and plant fresh weight. The greatest flower induction (85%) and number of inflorescences (4.3 inflorescences per plant) were observed in the treatment of $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;SA$, followed by $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;SA$. Overall, results suggest that foliar application of $GA_3$ solution could accelerate plant growth, while foliar application of SA solution could induce hastened flowering. Further studies may be needed to find out the relationship between $GA_3$ and SA solutions treated in a combination, and the molecular mechanism involved in those responses observed.