• 제목/요약/키워드: Maximum stiffness

검색결과 763건 처리시간 0.031초

Non-linear dynamic assessment of low-rise RC building model under sequential ground motions

  • Haider, Syed Muhammad Bilal;Nizamani, Zafarullah;Yip, Chun Chieh
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제74권6호
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    • pp.789-807
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    • 2020
  • Multiple earthquakes that occur during short seismic intervals affect the inelastic behavior of the structures. Sequential ground motions against the single earthquake event cause the building structure to face loss in stiffness and its strength. Although, numerous research studies had been conducted in this research area but still significant limitations exist such as: 1) use of traditional design procedure which usually considers single seismic excitation; 2) selecting a seismic excitation data based on earthquake events occurred at another place and time. Therefore, it is important to study the effects of successive ground motions on the framed structures. The objective of this study is to overcome the aforementioned limitations through testing a two storey RC building structural model scaled down to 1/10 ratio through a similitude relation. The scaled model is examined using a shaking table. Thereafter, the experimental model results are validated with simulated results using ETABS software. The test framed specimen is subjected to sequential five artificial and four real-time earthquake motions. Dynamic response history analysis has been conducted to investigate the i) observed response and crack pattern; ii) maximum displacement; iii) residual displacement; iv) Interstorey drift ratio and damage limitation. The results of the study conclude that the low-rise building model has ability to resist successive artificial ground motion from its strength. Sequential artificial ground motions cause the framed structure to displace each storey twice in correlation with vary first artificial seismic vibration. The displacement parameters showed that real-time successive ground motions have a limited impact on the low-rise reinforced concrete model. The finding shows that traditional seismic design EC8 requires to reconsider the traditional design procedure.

Seismic response analysis of steel frames with post-Northridge connection

  • Mehrabian, Ali;Haldar, Achintya;Reyes-Salazar, Alfredo
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.271-287
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    • 2005
  • The seismic behavior of two steel moment-resisting frames, which satisfy all the current seismic design requirements, are evaluated and compared in the presence of pre-Northridge connections denoted as BWWF and an improved post-Northridge connections denoted as BWWF-AD. Pre-Northridge connections are modeled first as fully restrained (FR) type. Then they are considered to be partially restrained (PR) to model their behavior more realistically. The improved post-Northridge connections are modeled as PR type, as proposed by the authors. A sophisticated nonlinear time-domain finite element program developed by the authors is used for the response evaluation of the frames in terms of the overall rotation of the connections and the maximum drift. The frames are excited by ten recorded earthquake time histories. These time histories are then scaled up to produce some relevant response characteristics. The behaviors of the frames are studied comprehensively with the help of 120 analyses. Following important observations are made. The frames produced essentially similar rotation and drift for the connections modeled as FR type and PR type represented by BWWF-AD indicating that the presence of slots in the web of beams in BWWF-AD is not detrimental to the overall response behavior. When the lateral displacements of the frames are significantly large, the responses are improved if BWWF-AD type connections are used in the frames. This study analytically confirms many desirable features of BWWF-AD connections. PR frames have longer periods of vibration in comparison to FR frames and may attract lower inertia forces. However, calculated periods of the frames of this study using FEMA 350 empirical equation is longer than those calculated using dynamic characteristics of the frames. This may result in even lower design forces and may adversely influence the design.

Inelastic behavior of systems with flexible base

  • Fernandez-Sola, Luciano R.;Huerta-E catl, Juan E.
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.411-424
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    • 2018
  • This study explores the inelastic behavior of systems with flexible base. The use of a single degree of freedom system (ESDOF) with equivalent ductility to represent the response of flexible base systems is discussed. Two different equations to compute equivalent ductility are proposed, one which includes the contribution of rigid body components, and other based on the overstrength of the structure. In order to asses the accuracy of ESDOF approach with the proposed equations, the behavior of a 10-story regular building with reinforced concrete (RC) moment resisting frames is studied. Local and global ductility capacity and demands are used to study the modifications introduced by base flexibility. Three soil types are considered with shear wave velocities of 70, 100 and 250 m/s. Soil-foundation stiffness is included with a set of springs on the base (impedance functions). Capacity curves of the building are computed with pushover analysis. In addition, non linear time history analysis are used to asses the ductility demands. Results show that ductility capacity of the soil-structure system including rigid body components is reduced. Base flexibility does not modify neither yield and maximum base shear. Equivalent ductility estimated with the proposed equations is fits better the results of the numerical model than the one considering elastoplastic behavior. Modification of beams ductility demand due to base flexibility are not constant within the structure. Some elements experience reduced ductility demands while other elements experience increments when flexible base is considered. Soil structure interaction produces changes in the relation between yield strength reduction factor and structure ductility demand. These changes are dependent on the spectral shape and the period of the system with fixed and flexible base.

Nonlinear response of r.c. framed buildings retrofitted by different base-isolation systems under horizontal and vertical components of near-fault earthquakes

  • Mazza, Fabio;Mazza, Mirko;Vulcano, Alfonso
    • Earthquakes and Structures
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.135-144
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    • 2017
  • Near-fault ground motions are characterized by high values of the ratio between the peak of vertical and horizontal ground accelerations, which can significantly affect the nonlinear response of a base-isolated structure. To check the effectiveness of different base-isolation systems for retrofitting a r.c. framed structure located in a near-fault area, a numerical investigation is carried out analyzing the nonlinear dynamic response of the fixed-base and isolated structures. For this purpose, a six-storey r.c. framed building is supposed to be retrofitted by insertion of an isolation system at the base for attaining performance levels imposed by current Italian code in a high-risk seismic zone. In particular, elastomeric (e.g., high-damping-laminated-rubber bearings, HDLRBs) and friction (e.g., steel-PTFE sliding bearings, SBs, or friction pendulum bearings, FPBs) isolators are considered, with reference to three cases of base isolation: HDLRBs acting alone (i.e., EBI structures); in-parallel combination of HDLRBs and SBs (i.e., EFBI structures); FPBs acting alone (i.e., FPBI structures). Different values of the stiffness ratio, defined as the ratio between the vertical and horizontal stiffnesses of the HDLRBs, sliding ratio, defined as the global sliding force divided by the maximum sliding force of the SBs, and in-plan distribution of friction coefficient for the FPs are investigated. The EBI, EFBI and FPBI base-isolation systems are designed assuming the same values of the fundamental vibration period and equivalent viscous damping ratio. The nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out with reference to near-fault earthquakes, selected and scaled on the design hypotheses adopted for the test structures.

고강도 철근을 활용한 휨 부재의 연성거동에 관한 연구 (Flexural Behavior of RC Beams Using High-Strength Reinforcement for Ductility Assessment)

  • 권순범;윤영수
    • 한국방재학회 논문집
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 2002
  • 본 논문에서는 콘크리트의 고강도화에 따른 고강도 철근의 사용 가능성과 적절한 철근강도를 연구하고자 콘크리트의 강도, 철근강도, 철근비를 주요 변수로 하여 9개의 보 실험체를 계획하였다. 2점 재하를 실시, 휨강도, 응력 이력곡선, 인장철근 항복시의 처짐량, 파괴시의 처짐량, 균열, 연성지수를 측정하여 변수에 따른 구조적 거동을 분석하였다. 고강도 철근을 적용한 부재는 항복점의 변위가 크게 나타났고, 이러한 특성이 연성지수의 감소를 가져오는 주요 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나 항복이후의 거동은 동일한 강성을 갖는 일반강도철근의 부재와 유사하게 나타났다. 일반적으로 고강도 철근의 적용 시 평형철근비의 감소에 의한 철근비의 증가로 연성거동의 감소효과가 나타나고 있으나, 콘크리트의 강도를 증가시키면 연성의 증대효과를 기대할 수 있고, 본 논문으로부터 철근강도 $5500kgf/cm^2$의 경우 콘크리트 강도는 $800kgf/cm^2$ 정도가 기존 연성의 손실 없이 휨 강도를 증가시킬 수 있는 적절한 조합으로 기존의 콘크리트와 동일한 연성거동을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

3축 유압 피로 시뮬레이터의 커플링에 대한 역기구학적 해석 (Inverse Kinematic Analysis for a three-axis Hydraulic Fatigue Simulator Coupling)

  • 김진완
    • 항공우주시스템공학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.16-20
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    • 2020
  • 차량이 주행 중에 그리고 항공기가 활주로에 착륙하는 순간과 활주 중에 발생하는 피로는 착륙장치, 기체와 차량의 현가장치 등에 수명 주기와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 휠에 작용하는 하중들은 종축 힘, 횡력, 수직력과 제동력이다. 차량의 동특성과 내구성을 연구하기 위해 본 논문의 시뮬레이터는 시험실에서 실제 노면 형상을 재현에 사용된다. 그러므로 제품 개발 시간과 비용을 절감할 수 있다. 하드웨어적으로 유압 피로 시뮬레이터 구조의 중요한 요소는 각 축을 분리하고 여러 하중과 진동을 견뎌내는 것이다. 본 논문의 역기구학적 해석 방법은 Dummy wheel 중심에서 축 방향으로 최대 동작 변위를 준 후 커플링에 의한 유압 서보 작동기의 작동 크기를 도출한다. 해석의 결과는 실제 노면 형상을 정확하게 재현하기 위해 축 간의 커플링이 미약함을 확인하는 것이다.

탄소섬유쉬트(CFRP Sheets)로 보강된 각형강관(HSS)기둥의 유한요소해석 연구 (A Study on Finite Element Methods for HSS(Hollow Square Section) Steel Columns Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic(CFRP) Sheets)

  • 박재우;유정한
    • 한국강구조학회 논문집
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.185-194
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서는 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 각형강관 기둥의 유한요소 해석결과를 소개하고 있다. 실험체 개수는 총 6개이며, 각형강관에 대해서는 비조밀 단면 단주, 세장판 단면 단주, 비조밀 단면 장주로 구성되어 있다. 실험변수는 탄소섬유쉬트 보강겹수이다. AFRP 스트립과 강재사이의 부착거동과 부착응력-슬립관계를 규명하였다. 총 6개의 실험체에 대하여 ANSYS V.14.0을 사용하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였으며, 파괴모드, 하중-변위곡선, 최대내력, 초기강성에 대해 실험결과와 비교하였다. 끝으로, AISC cold-formed steel structures 기준에 근거하여 세장비에 따른 좌굴응력값을 산정하였으며, 각 단면타입에 대한 좌굴응력값 및 보강효과를 비교하였다.

부유체-몰수체 상호작용을 이용한 부유체 상하운동 저감에 대한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Study on the Reduction of Vertical Motion of Floating Body Using Floating-Submerged Bodies Interaction)

  • 신민재;구원철;김성재;허상환;민은홍
    • 대한조선학회논문집
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    • 제54권6호
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    • pp.485-491
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    • 2017
  • An experimental study on the reduction of vertical motion of floating body using floating-submerged body interaction was performed in a two-dimensional wave channel. The system consisting of a floating and submerged body that only move vertically was modeled. This experiment was designed based on the results of theoretical analysis of two-body interaction. The results showed a tendency to significant reduction of heave RAO of floating body due to submerged body. Various connection line stiffness and dimension of the submerged body were applied to investigate the effect of two-body interaction on the vertical motion of the bodies, Heave RAOs of the floating-submerged body were compared with those of single body. From the comparison study, we obtained an optimum condition of connection line and dimension of submerged body for maximum heave reduction at the resonant period of single body.

다이아프램이 고려된 ILM 교량 상부단면의 단순해석 및 최적설계조건 (Simplified Analysis of Superstructure Section Considering Diaphragm and Optimum Design Conditions for ILM Bridge)

  • 이환우;박용진
    • 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.459-467
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    • 2014
  • ILM 교량은 압출되는 동안 상부의 단면이 지간의 중앙부와 지점부를 모두 통과한다. 따라서 발생되는 최대 정모멘트 및 최대 부모멘트를 효과적으로 제어하기 위해서 압출추진코를 이용한다. 이 연구에서는 압출중 상부구조물에 발생하는 휨모멘트를 계산할 수 있는 다이아프램이 고려된 단순 해석식을 개발하였다. 또한 다이아프램이 고려된 압출추진코의 최적설계조건에 관하여 분석하였다. 단순 해석식을 MIDAS Civil과 비교한 결과 대부분의 경우 0.5%이하의 오차를 가지는 정확성을 확인하였다. 다이아프램의 영향을 고려했을 경우와 고려하지 않았을 경우 사례교량에서 최대 13%의 휨모멘트 차이를 보였다. 또한, 단순 해석식에 적용시킬 등가 등단면의 단위중량 및 평균강성값을 결정할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였다. 이 연구에서는 ILM 교량의 압출중 역학특성으로 인하여 부모멘트 최소화 조건만을 사용하는 것이 압출추진코 최적설계를 위한 효과적인 방법으로 판단하였다.

평면변형률압축시험에 의한 각종 모래의 강도.변형특성의 이방성(III) -전단변형 특성- (Anisotropy in Strength and Deformation Properties of a Variety of Sands by Plane Strain Compression Tests(Part III) -Shear Deformation Characteristics-)

  • 박춘식;황성춘;장정욱
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2000
  • 공중낙하법에 의해 만든 등방압밀 모래공시체를 미소변형률 측정장치를 사용한 평면변형률압축시험을 실시하여 미소변형률에서 파괴후까지의 전단강성계수에 대한 이방성을 연구하였다. 세계각국의 주요 연구기관에서 사용되고 있는 7종류의 연구용 표준사 공시체를 멤브레인의 관입에 의한 오차와 변위를 외부에서 측정함으로 하여 생기는 오차(bedding error)등의 영향을 제거하여 측정한 최대주응력방향의 변형률과 최소주응력방향의 변형률을 각각 0.0001%에서 10%까지 넓은 범위에 걸친 응력-변형률 관계를 얻었다. 그 결과 최대전단강성계수 Gmax는 퇴적면과 최대주응력 $\sigma$1이 이루는 각도 $\delta$에 관계없이 일정하였다. 그러나 정규화한 Gmax는 모래의 종류에 따라 달랐다. 또 전단강성계수의 변형률 수준과 응력 수준에 대한 의존성은 $\delta$가 감소함에 따라 증가하였다.

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