• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to monitor residual pesticides in domestic agricultural products and to assess their risk to human health. METHODS AND RESULTS: 123 samples containing both general and environment-friendly certified agricultural products were purchased from traditional domestic markets and supermarkets in six provinces of Korea. Multiresidue analyses of one hundred twenty-two pesticides except for herbicides were performed with gas chromatography-electron capture detector, gas chromatography-nitrogen/phosphorus detector, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Sixteen pesticides were detected in 45 agricultural product samples, which were 38 general, 6 low pesticide and 1 of GAP agricultural product samples and the detection rate was 33.6%. Pesticides detected in agricultural product samples were cypermethrin, lufenuron, fenvalerate, bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr and iprodione. Residual concentration of 18 samples were exceeded the recommended maximum residue limit set by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and two kinds of unregistered pesticides in korea were also detected in two samples. CONCLUSION(S): In order to do risk assessment by agricultural products consumption, estimated daily intake of residual pesticides were determined and compared to acceptable daily intake, referring to %ADI values. The range of %ADI values was from 0.038% to 2.748%. Taken together, it demonstrates the pesticides found in agricultural products samples were below the safety margin, indicating no effect on human health.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2005

Temporary control schedules were tested at sweet persimmon orchards to development new control programs to meet the quarantine requirements of USA in 2002. The 'USA export-type control orchards' were spayed with pesticides (azoxystrobin, carbaryl, cyhexatin, fenarimol, mancozeb, methoxyfenozide, spinosad and trifluxistrobin) which were possibly adaptable to the poem trees in USA. Pesticide residues in the sweet persimmon fruits harvested from USA export-type control orchards were analyzed. Azoxystrobin, mancozeb, trifloxystrobin, spinosad, carbaryl, and cyhexatin were not detected by the experimental methods. The residues of fenarimol and methoxyfenozide in sweet persimmon of USA export-type control orchards were 0.016-0.020 ppm and 0.022-0.029 ppm, respectively. These levels are quite below the maximum residue limit level of USA (below 0.1 ppm in fenarimol and 7 ppm in methoxyfenozide). These results suggest that new control programs could be developed by modifying the USA export-type control schedule tested in this study to meet the quarantine requirements of USA, if we could suppress the damage of plant bugs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1779-1784
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• 2009

Establishment of simultaneous analysis method and monitoring for individually analyzing residual eight ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, EBI (difenoconazole, diniconazole, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, hexaconazole, myclobutanil, nuarimol and paclobutrazol) pesticides in commercial agricultural products, were conducted. The simultaneous analysis method for the pesticides was established using a GC/MS/MS for EBI pesticides. Residual amount of those pesticides were investigated in 989 commercial agricultural products (fifteen kinds of cereal grains, vegetables, beans, nuts, fruits and mushrooms) from seven metropolitan cities and eight provinces. In EBI pesticides analysis, linearity of GC/MS/MS analysis was 0.9974-0.9992, and that of recoveries were 86-135% with relative standard deviations (RSD) <20%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg for eight EBI pesticides. According to the monitoring of the EBI pesticides in commercial agricultural products, difenoconazole, fenarimol, hexaconazole showed various residual levels (total frequency of 8/989 detection, 0.8%). Paclobutrazole showed in excess levels of the MRLs (maximum residue limits) for pesticides in one chard sample by the Korea Food Code. As a result of exposure assessment on the detected 8 individual pesticides, all pesticides (difenoconazole, fenarimol, hexaconazole, paclobutrazole) were evaluated as safe level in comparison to toxicologically acceptable daily intake.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.653-663
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• 2010

This study was conducted to monitor residues of 10 veterinary drugs in food products. Various veterinary drugs were examined including enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, amoxicillin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in beef, pork, egg, chicken, eel, flatfish, and rockfish obtained from 6 different regions (Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, Busan). Residues were detected in 21 (6.5%) samples out of 321 samples. In particular, 2 (1.0%) livestock samples had detected residues among 203 products, and 19 (16.1%) aquaculture samples had residues detected among 118 products. The most frequently detected drug residues in aquaculture products were oxytetracycline and amoxicillin, but the levels were mostly below the MRL (Maximum Residue Limit). In only one flatfish sample, amoxicillin was found at a level higher than the MRL (0.05 mg/kg). In livestock products, residues of most veterinary drugs were not detected. But enrofloxacin was detected in 2 chicken (Korean name: Ogolgae) samples at a higher level than the MRL (0.1 mg/kg as the sum of ciprofloxacin).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

Isopyrazam, a new pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide developed by Syngenta, was highly active against foliar powdery mildew pathogens on cucumber, oriental melon and various vegetables. Following foliar applications on cucumber and oriental melon, crop residues were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. For all studies, limit of quantification was 0.02 mg/kg and minimum detection level was 2.0 ng and recoveries were 83.0-88.0% on cucumber, 92.4-104.5% on oriental melon. Isopyrazam was detected 0.07-0.72 mg/kg on cucumber and < 0.02-0.68 mg/kg on oriental melon, respectively. The TMDI (Theoretical Maximum Dailly Intake) of isopyrazam on cucumber and oriental melon was estimated to less than 1.765% of ADI.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 1982

Persistence of cyanofenphos on Chinese cabbage under the different climate conditions was studied by spraying the insecticide at the rate of 0.5 and 0.75 ㎏ AI/ha at 22 and 36 days after transplanting and monitoring its residues upto 35 days after the final spray. At both spraying rates the degradation patterns of the insecticide, regardless of climate condition, showed similar trends; cyanofenphos residues on Chinese cabbage declined rapidly upto 14 days after the final spray but more slowly thereafter. Half-life for cyanofenphos on Chinese cabbage was $6{\sim}7$ days. The half-life was little affected by the spraying rate and time. Based on the FAO/WHO maximum residue limit of cyanofenphos on common cabbage (2 ppm), it is recommended that the pre-harvest intervels of the insecticide on Chinese cabbage could be 16 and 19 days for 0.5 and 0.75 ㎏ AI/ha, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2008

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are ubiquitous and can contaminate the food chain. A study monitoring PCDD/Fs in imported meat was conducted at the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS, Republic of Korea) in order to maintain food safety from the bioaccumulative PCDD/Fs. Seventeen PCDD/Fs with toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) established by World Health Organization (WHO, 1998) were analyzed in imported beef, pork, and chicken by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HR-GC/MS). Results of the monitoring for the last 5 years are presented. The levels of PCDD/Fs were similar to other studies except two unusually high concentrations in pork and beef. Excessive levels greater than the Korean provisional maximum residue limit of PCDD/Fs were found in a sample of pork imported from Chile and a sample of beef imported from U.S, and those products were rejected and returned. There was no obvious trend or differences with respect to time or origin of meat in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.48-55
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• 2000

This study examined how does farm producers and urban consumers recognize the toxicity of pesticides application to agricultural production. The survey was carried out with quesuonnaires, and found tile fellowing results. The 60% of the total respondents in urban residents acknowledged that it is necessary for farming to apply pesticides. Nevertheless, they think that pesticides application have excessively been done more than necessary, and they would cause the problem of agrochemical-residual in agricultural products. They preferred to the crops produced by organic-farming. But they do not believe that the organic crops are pure one that pesticides are not applied at all. They thought that pesticides remained in the crops and they cause a chronic toxicity and cancer, though their degree of causing cancer would not be high. The other hand, farmers among the total respondents expressed that pesticides are absolutely needed to farming. However, about half of the total farmers' respondents did not follow the recommended guide line for proper use of pesticides and applied its double amount of the recommended dose. The most of farmers thought that the applied pesticides would be persisted into the crops. The 69 % of the total respondents did not know that crops over MRL(Maximum Residue Limit) of pesticides must be discarded and tile farmer who distributed the crops over MRL of pesticides have to pay some kind of penalty.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.440-447
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• 2007

In this study, a biosensor was developed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to rapidly measure the fungicide iprovalicarb residues in agricultural products. The biosensor was designed to include micro-pumps and solenoid valves for fluid transport, a spectrophotometer cuvet as a reaction chamber, a photodiode with a light-emitting diode for optical density measurement, and a control microcomputer to implement assay. The rate of change in optical density of the cuvet was read as final signal output. Micro-pumps were evaluated to investigate their delivery capability, the highest values of the error and the coefficient of variation were 4.3% and 4.6% respectively. As the incubation period was reduced from 15 minutes to 11 minutes to shorten the total processing time, the sensor sensitivity was decreased as the antibody dilution ratio was reduced to a half. The maximum usable period of the coated cuvet was found to be two days with 1% error limit. To predict the concentration of the iprovalicarb residue in agricultural products, a linear calibration model was obtained with r-square values of 0.992 for potato and 0.985 for onion. In validation test for the samples of potatoes and onions against the high performance liquid chromatography, very high correlation values were obtained as 0.996 and 0.993 respectively. Using the cuvet immobilized with antigen, it took 21-minutes for the biosensor to complete the measuring process of the iprovalicarb residues.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze penicillin G (PEG), streptomycin (STR) and neomycin (NEO) residues in milk of healthy lactating cows. Milk samples were collected from all four quarters of 12 dairy cows 2−7 days after intramammary infusions of an ointment containing PEG, STR and NEO once (n = 4; group I) or twice (n = 4, group II) daily. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the antibiotic residues in the samples. The correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of the calibration curves for all antibiotics was > 0.999 and the limits of detection and quantification were $0.002-0.005{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.007-0.02{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Recovery rates were ranged from 75.5 to 92.3%. In group I, PEG, STR and NEO residues were detected in milk at 2, 3 and 2 days post-treatment, respectively, which were below the maximum residue limit (MRL). In group II, PEG, STR and NEO residues were detected in milk at 2, 3 and 3 days post-treatment, respectively, which were bellow the MRL. These results suggest that a 3-day for milk withdrawal period after the ointment treatment might be sufficient for reduction of the antibiotic residues below the MRL.