• KSCI Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.231-239
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• 2006

Geographic information system (GIS) geography reference it talks the software system which is possible. When like this geographic information system in key feature trying to observe the problem which is an expression of geography information in the center, the research and development with 3 dimension expressions is active from 2 dimension expressions of existing and it is advanced. double meaning geography information which is huge to be quick, the place where it controls efficiently there is a many problem, the ring from the dissertation which it sees and 3 dimensions and efficient scene of the GIS rendering compared to the ring from hazard image base modeling and rendering compared to hazard proposal LDI (Layered Depth Images) it uses GIS rendering compared to the ring to sleep it does. It acquired the terrain data of 3 dimensions from thread side base method. terrain data of 3 dimensions which are acquired like this the place where it has depth information like this depth information in base and the LDI, it did it created. Also it was a traditional modeling method and 3DS-Max it used and it created the LDI. It used LDI information which is acquired like this and the GIS of more efficient 3 dimensions rendering compared to the possibility of ring it was.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.636-644
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• 1995

Comparison of bioavailabflity (BA) of three brands of ranitidine (RT) tablets has been studied m rats. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharniacolunetics of RT tablets in the rat and to coinpare phannacolunetic parameters of three brands of RT tablets. In addition, it was investigated whether plasma RT concentrations m humans can be predicted from pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in rats. RT was administered intravenously in dose of RT.HCI 10mg/kg and orally in dose of RT.HCI 50mg/kg as solution or crushed sample of thablets. Plasma RT concentrations were determned by HPLC. Plasma RT concentrations as a function of time were fitted to two compartment model. Plasma RT concentrations declined with a terminal half life ($t_{{1}/2{\betha}}$) of 40.9 min. The plasma RT concentration-time curve showed two peak plasma concentrations following an oral administration of solution or crushed sample in rats like humans. No significant difference among pharmacokinetic parameters was observed except $T_{max2}$ (p<0.05). The BA for crushed sample A, B and C were found to be 54.6 40.7 and 40.0%, respectively. Equivalence of $C_{max1}$ and $T_{max2}$ were guaranteed in this study. However, it was concluded that three brands of RT tablets are bioequivalent, taking the following characteristics of RT into consideration;(1) rapid onset of the effect is not required, (2) $C_{max1}$ and $T_{max2}$ do not seem to influence the effectiveness of the drug during a long-term treatment by the usual administration of twice a day. Results from this study were combined with plarmacokinetic data for RT in dogs and humans to develop a basis for interspecies scale-up of the disposition characteristics of the drug. there were similarities in the general disposition of the drug. Allometric relationships were sought between pharmacokinetic parameters nd species body weight. Significant interspecies correlations were found for total body clearance($Cl_{t}$) and steady state volume of distribution ($Bd_{ss}$). Thus, plasma RT concentrations in humans can be predicted from pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in rats.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.2
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• pp.257-266
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• 2009

Now a days, as increased the use of mobile units like a laptop computer and PDA, the demand for high speed internet service is increasing. On the other hand, PKMv2 which is provided from IEEE 802.16e cannot support fully on the security of high speed internet service. This paper proposes light-weight mutual authentication protocol which solved security problem of PKMv2 related to integrity of mobile node for transmission of safe high speed data of mobile node operating in mobile WiMAX environment. Proposed mutual authentication protocol increases the efficiency as the user in network can move in network safely without additional procedure of authentication between subscriber and base station after user's initial authentication. Also, the proposed mutual authentication protocol is safe from the security attack (the man-in-the-middle attack and reply attack) between subscriber and base station by generating a key adopt to PRF() function using random number and secret value in order to secure certification.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2009

The cryptological key which is used in WiMAX environment is used at regular intervals by mobile nodes (laptop computer, PDA, cell-phone) which is in the range of base station coverage. But it is very weak at local attack like man-in-the-middle when the mobile node is off the range of base station or enters into the range to communicate with base station because the communication section is activated wirelessly. This paper proposes a distribution key building protocol which can reuse security key used by nodes to reduce cryptological security attack danger and communication overhead which occurs when mobile node tries to communicate with base station. The proposed distribution key establishing protocol can reduce overhead which occurs between base station and mobile node through key reusing which occurs during the communication process and also, makes security better than IEEE 802.16 standard by creating shared key which is required for inter-certification through the random number which node itself creates.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.228-228
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• 2006

Conjugated oligomers, used as models for fluorene-thiophene copolymers, are compared in terms of the microscopic morphology of thin deposits and the optical properties. The AFM images and the solid-state absorption and emission spectra are interpreted in line with the structural data, in terms of the assembly of the conjugated molecules. The compound with a terthiophene central unit and fluorene end-groups shows well-defined monolayer-by-monolayer assembly into micrometer-long strip-like structures, with a crystalline herringbone-type organization within the monolayers. Polarized confocal microscopy indicates a strong orientation of the crystalline domains within the stripes. In contrast, the compound with a terfluorene central unit and thiophene end groups forms no textured aggregates. The difference in behavior between the two compounds most probably originates from their different capability of forming densely-packed assemblies of ${\pi-pi}$ interacting molecules. These assemblies are used as active elements in organic field effect transistors designed by using soft lithography technique.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2013

This paper simulated the virtual constructions design that helps make constructions design effectively done by assembling materials as components and patterns using studs in steel house method. We also propose the virtual constructions design technology which makes change of constructing easy and reduces the cost effectively through a simulation of construction design like design, analysis, change information, and assembly in the construction field. It especially is possible for designers and users to change internal and external of a construction easily by using patterns.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to determine whether administration of a standardized gindeng extract at 300 mg.$d^1$ for 8 weeks could enhance maximum aerobic and anaerobic exercise capabilities and whether any changes of such effects can be occurred when exercise training was added. Forty-one male university students were randomly divided into four groups as ginseng-untrained (GU, n=10), ginseng-trained (GT, n=10), placebo-untrained (PU, n=10), and placebo-trained (PT, n=11). The trained groups underwent 8 weeks of aerobic exercise at 65% of individual's maximum oxygen consumption ($Vo_2$ max) for 30 min.$d^1$, 3d.$wk^1$. Prior to and at the end of experiment, $Vo_2$ max, anaerobic power (AP), anaerobic capacity (AC), and leg muscle strength were determined and some physiological parameters related to $Vo_2$ max were measured. Initially, all subject groups did not differ in average $Vo_2$ max (range 45.9 to 47.9 ml/.kg-1.min-1). After 8 weeks, the $Vo_2$ max increased significantly from the initial level by 12.6% in group GU, 14.5% in group PT, and 24.5% in group GU which was significantly higher than group GU but not group PT. Changes in all measured parameters related to $Vo_2$ max were similar among the subject groups except group PU. Both the AP and the AC were significantly increased in all subject groups (range +3.6 to +13.1% above initial for the AP and +4.4 to) 8.955 above initial for the AC) but the higher changes were found for the AP in groups PT and GU, and for the AC in grouts PT, when compared with group PU. No significant differences in the two anaerobic variables were observed between group GT and the other groups of subjects. Leg strength was also significantly enhanced over group PU in groups PT, GU and GT. There were no significant differences among the latter three subject groups. As a result of these findings, it was concluded that under the conditions of this study ginseng administration at the prescribed dose exhibited the training-like effects on $Vo_2$ max as well as anaerobic power and leg muscle strength but no clear synergistic action on these physical fitness variables occurred when both g inseng administration and exercise training were combined.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2009

In designing furniture and interior accessories, a computer graphic program is normally used over the whole process of manufacturing furniture from idea stage to actual manufacturing stage. It especially play an important role in the modeling process which comes before actual manufacturing stage. in such modeling process, the most important part is expression of quality of material used and surface treatment method. Expression of material quality of wood and surface finishing just like an actual picture enable the designers to analogize the feeling of furniture and interior accessories more exactly over the whole process of actual manufacturing and such a result has positive effect on development field of furniture and accessories.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.1282-1287
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• 2007

We investigated the damage of the CMOS IC which manufactured three different technologies by high power microwave. The tests separated the two methods in accordance with the types of the CMOS IC located inner waveguide. The only CMOS IC which was located inner waveguide was occurred breakdown below the max electric field (23.94kV/m) without destruction but the CMOS IC which was connected IC to line organically was located inner waveguide and it was occurred breakdown and destruction below the max electric field. Also destructed CMOS IC was removed their surface and a chip condition was analyzed by SEM. The SEM analysis of the damaged devices showed onchuipwire and bondwire destruction like melting due to thermal effect. The tested results are applied to the fundamental data which interprets the combination mechanism of the semiconductors from artificial electromagnetic wave environment and are applied to the data which understand electromagnetic wave effects of electronic equipments.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2016

Calamus andamanicus Kurz is one of the commercially important solitary rattans endemic to Andaman and Nicobar islands. The habitat suitability modeling program, MaxEnt, was used to predict the potential ecological niches of this species, based on bioclimatic variables. The study revealed high potential distribution of C. andamanicus across both Andaman and Nicobar islands. Of the 33 spatially unique points, 21 points were recorded from South and North Andamans and 12 from Great Nicobar Islands. The islands like Little Andaman, North Sentinel, Little Nicobar, Tllangchong, Teressa were also predicted positive even though this rattan is not recorded from these islands. Mean diurnal range, higher precipitation in the wettest month of the year, annual precipitation and precipitation in the driest month are the main predictors of this species distribution.