• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2009

Maturity and spawning of the atka mackerel, Pleurogrammus azonus, was investigated based on the samples collected by gill net and set net in the East Sea from January 2006 to March 2009. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in October, and reached a maximum between November and December. After spawning GSI began to decrease from January. The spawning period was from October to January, and main spawning period was from November to December. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into five successive stages in females; early growing stage (June), late growing stage (July to August), mature stage (September to October), ripe and spent stage (November to January), and recovery and resting stage (January to May). Males showed four successive stages: growing stage (June to August), mature stage (September to October), ripe and spent stage (October to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to May). P. azonus could be one of polycyclic species spawning two times or more during one spawning season. Number of total and mature eggs in the fecundity were proportional to fork length. The fork length at 50% group maturity was estimated to be 26.9 cm.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current growth via Growth indices, Obesity indices, Metabolic risk factors of Multicultural Families' Children in Dae-jeon area. Methods 5 to 12 year old children from 56 multicultural families were enrolled in this study, and were examined their bone age and body composition, and have received blood tests. Results 1. In Growth indices, average height percentile was $53.64{\pm}25.59%$. The AHP and MPH respectively, were converted into 20 years old adult height percentile, AHP of a girls was 40 percentile and MPH was 19 percentile, AHP of boys was 57 percentile and MPH was 21 percentile. 2. In Obesity indices, average of BMI pecentile was $44.16{\pm}29.52$; low-weight group (6 boys, 4 girls), normal-weight group (20 boys, 18 girls), over-weight group (8 girls). Average PWH was $100.51{\pm}15.66%$; low-weight group (9 boys, 5 girls), normal-weight group (14 boys, 15 girls), over-weight group (3 boys, 5 girls), obesity group (5 girls). 3. The results of the relationship between Growth indices and Obesity indices, 1) As RH percentile in boys was increased, skeletal maturity, AHP and AHP-MPH were also increased. Similarly, as RH percentile in girls was increased, skeletal maturity, AHP and AHP-MPH were also increased. 2) As skeletal maturity in boys was increased, BMI percentile was also increased. As skeletal maturity in girls was increased, AHP-MPH was decreased but had no significant differences. Conclusions Current growth of children in multicultural families was above the average when compared to that of average children in the same age. It was predicted that the boys' height were still above the average adult height, but the girls' height were below the average. Also this study showed that girls were more prone to be overweight than boys, thus requiring more intensive management and training in regards to eating habits and exercise.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to suggest a scientific method for measurement of children's growth development. Ultrasonic image of calcaneus bone has some advantages that it is harmless to human body and apply a new imaging analysis algorithm. it can be used for the diagnosis of growth analyzed the opening degree of growth plate and bone density. Methods: This clinical study have been carried out with the 57 case(male 24, female 33) of the children aged 5 to 14 years old who visited in Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk university Bundang Oriental Hospital. Bone maturity is measured by the opening degree of growth plate and bone density in ultrasonic image of calcaneus bone This study were designed to investigate the relationship of the development of children and the calcaneus bone maturity. Result: The opening degree of growth plate was no change in aged 5-10 years for male and 5-9 years for female but decreased significantly from aged 11 years for male and 10 years for female. the bone density was no change in aged 5-12 years for male and 5-11 years for female but increased significantly from aged 13 years for male and 12 years for female. it was confirmed that bone maturity in female is more rapid than in male. The opening degree of growth plate of claclneus bone was correlated with age, height, weight. The bone density was correlated with age, height, weight, BMI in this suudy(P<0.001) Conclusion: The opening degree of growth plate and bone density of calcaneus bone are sufficient diagnostic worth as an index to predict adolescent growth.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2010

Maturity and spawning of the snailfish, Liparis ochotensis was investigated based on samples collected by gill net in the East Sea of Korea from December 2008 to December 2009. The average total length of L. ochotensis was 63.4 cm and 64.1 cm for females and males, respectively. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) began to increase in July, reaching a maximum in November, then began to decrease in December. Monthly changes in the GSI values of L. ochotensis were similar for females and males. Annual reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into five successive stages in females: early growing stage (May), late growing stage (June to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Males show four successive stages; growing stage (May to July), mature stage (August to September), ripe and spent stage (September to December), and recovery and resting stage (January to April). Relationship between total length (TL) and fecundity (F) was F=$0.00003TL^{4.002}$ ($R^2$ = 0.703), and F increased with TL. Total length at 50% group maturity was estimated to be 55.8 cm. Our findings suggest that the spawning period takes place from September to December, with the main spawning period occurring from October to December.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to suggest a new method for measurement of children's growth development Ultrasound transonic velocity of inferior radiocarpal joint has some advantages that it is harmless to human body and apply a new analysis algorithm, it can be used for the diagnosis of bone age. Methods: This clinical study have been carried out with the 117 case(male 68, female 49) of the children aged 5 to 16 years old who visited in Department of Pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university Oriental Hospital. Bone maturity is measured by Ultrasound transonic velocity and X-ray image of growth plate in inferior radiocarpal joint. This study were designed to investigate the relationship of the bone age by Ultrasound transonic velocity and X-ray image. Result & Conclusion : The maturity of growth plate of inferior radiocarpal joint was correlated with age, height, weight, BMI in this study(P<0.001). The Ultrasound transonic velocity of inferior radiocarpal joint are sufficient diagnostic worth as an index to predict bone maturity.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2022

연구는 기름가자미의 성비, 군성숙도 및 주 산란기에 관한 정보를 얻기 위해 수행하였다. 성비(암:수)는 1:0.54 (n=189:103, 암컷 64.7%)였으며, 전장이 증가함에 따라 암컷의 비율이 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 난모세포 발달패턴은 동일 난소 내에서 여러 단계의 난모세포군이 확인되는 난군동기발달형이었다. 로지스틱 회귀모델에 의해 분석된 50% 성숙 전장은 암, 수 각각 28.51 cm과 30.49 cm였다. GSI는 암, 수 각각 4월과 3월에 가장 높았으며, 주 산란기는 4-5월로 분석되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.927-937
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• 2022

The reproductive characteristics of Pacific anchovy, Engraulis japonicus were investigated using samples randomly collected from the southern waters of Korea between January and December 2021. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stages, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg diameter, fecundity, and fork length (FL) at sexual groups maturity of 50%, 75% and 97.5%, and sex ratio (female:male). GSI value showed two peaks in May and August; however, microscopic analysis of E. japonicus gonad tissue revealed that the spawning period was from March to October. The main spawning seasons for the entire populations were from April to June and August to September. The overall sex ratio was female-biased (1 females, 0.89 male). The fecundity (F) of female anchovies ranged from 429 eggs at an FL of 8.0 cm to 13,824 eggs at an FL of 14.9 cm and the relationship between FL and F was 0.0788FL^4.422. The FL at 50% group maturity was 8.26 cm for female anchovies. Based on the results, we suggest that the reproductive cycle in Pacific anchovies may be related to pulses in water temperature and the sexual cycle of the fish.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.192-202
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• 2000

주둥치의 암 수 성비는 1.81 : 1로 암컷의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 난모세포 발달양식은 난군동기발달형에 속하며, 정소 조직상은 정원세포 국재형에 속한다. 암 수 모두 첫 번째 군 성숙에 도달하는 크기는 전장 7.5 cm로 조사되었다. 암컷의 생식소중량지수(GSI)는 7월에 12.83으로 가장 높았고, 9월에는 1.08로 가장 낮았다. 수컷의 GSI는 6월에 19.0으로 가장 높았고, 10월에 0.24로 가장 낮았다. 암컷의 간중량지수(HSI)는 GSI와 같은 경향의 변화를 보였다. 가슴반점지수(TSI)는 생식소의 성숙 및 완숙시기인 5월부터 7월 사이에는 낮은 값을 보였다. 암컷의 생식주기는 성장기 (3~5월), 성숙기(5~6월), 완숙 및 산란기 (6~8월), 회복기 (8~11월) 그리고 휴지기 (11~3월)로 구분할 수 있었다. 수컷의 생식주기는 분열증식 및 성장기 (1~4월), 성숙기 (4~5월), 완숙 및 방정기(6~8월), 회복기 (8~10월) 그리고 휴지기(10~12월)로 구분할 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.544-548
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• 2002

대두의 질소고정 근류균들 중 우리나라 토착균, USDA110, USDA122, RJl-29, R2l4 등으로 종자분의접종한 삼남콩을 폿트에 재배하여 개화기에 한발처리한 것과 관행으로 폿트에 재배한 것과의 근류균별 질소고정력 조사와 콩의 제요인에 미치는 근류균의 영향, 한발조건시 근류균 질소고정력과 협중과의 상관관계, 식물체 호흡량과 엽면적과의 상관관계 등을 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 관행재배에서는 근류균의 질소고정력이 R2l4와 토착균이 높게 나타났으나, 개화기에 한발처리를 한 구에서는 토착근류균 보다 R2l4와 Rll-29의 균들이 질소고정력을 높게 나타내었다. 토착근류균에 비하여 USDA122와 RJl-29의 근류균을 접종한 구가 한발조건에서 식물체 호흡량을 적게 유지하여 엽면적 및 협중의 상대지수를 높게 나타내었다. 한발조건에서 근류균 질소고정력과 협중 상대지수와의 상관관계는 r=0.85'로서 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 한발조건에서 식물체 호흡량과 엽면적 상대지수와의 상관관계는 r=-0.89'로서 유의적인 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.329-339
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• 2016

The short-term effects of low-level contamination by heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, and Pb) on the soil health were examined by analyzing soil nematode community in soils planted with tomatoes. For this, the soils were irrigated with five metal concentrations ([1, 1/4, $1/4^2$, $1/4^3$, and 0] ${\times}$ maximum concentrations [MC] detected in irrigation waters near abandoned mine sites) for 18 weeks. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly increased in soils irrigated with MC of heavy metals, among which As and Cu exceeded the maximum heavy metal residue contents of soil approved in Korea. In no heavy metal treatment controls, nematode abundances for all trophic groups (except omnivorous-predatory nematodes [OP]) and colonizer-persister (cp) values (except cp-4-5) were significantly increased, and all maturity indices (except maturity index [MI] of plant-parasitic nematodes) and structure index (SI) were significantly decreased, suggesting the soil environments might have been disturbed during 18 weeks of tomato growth. There were no concentration-dependent significant decreases in richness, abundance, or MI for most heavy metals; however, their significant decreases occurred in abundance and richness of OP and cp-4, MI2-5 (excluding cp-1) and SI, indicating disturbed soil ecosystems, at the higher concentrations (MC and MC/4) of Pb that had the most significant negative correlation coefficients for heavy metal concentrations and nematode community among the heavy metals. Therefore, the short-term effects of low-level heavy metal contamination on soil health can be analyzed by nematode community structures before the appearance of plant damages caused by the abiotic agents, heavy metals.