• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1025-1035
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• 2016

Luenberger observer (LO)-based sensorless multi-loop control of a converter requires an iterative trial-and-error design process, considering that many parameters should be determined, and loop gains are indirectly related to the closed-loop characteristics. Robust H∞ control adopts a compact sensorless controller. The algebraic Riccati equation (ARE)-based and linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based H∞ approaches need an exhaustive procedure, particularly for a low-order controller. Therefore, in this study, a novel robust H∞ synthesis approach is proposed to design a low-order sensorless controller for boost converters, which need not solve any ARE or LMI, and to parameterize the controller by an adjustable parameter behaving like a "knob" on the closed-loop characteristics. Simulation results show the straightforward closed-loop characteristics evaluation and better dynamic performance by the proposed H∞ approach, compared with the LO-based sensorless multi-loop control. Practical experiments on a digital processor confirmed the simulation results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2579-2585
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• 2022

Ceramics of quaternary garnets (Gd,Y)₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ doped with Ce, Tb have been fabricated and evaluated as prospective materials for indirect energy converters of α-and β-voltaic. Samples were characterized at excitation with an X-ray source and an intense 150 keV electron beam and showed good temperature stability of their emission and tolerance to irradiation. The role of X-rays accompanied the α-particle emitting in the increase of the conversion efficiency is clarified. The garnet-type structure of the matrix in the developed materials allows the production of quality crystalline mass with a light yield exceeding that of the commonly used YAG: Ce scintillator by a factor of two times.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1456-1467
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• 2015

This paper presents a novel close-loop control scheme based on small signal modeling and weighted composite voltage feedback for a three-phase input and single-phase output Matrix Converter (3-1MC). A small non-polar capacitor is employed as the decoupling unit. The composite voltage weighted by the load voltage and the decoupling unit voltage is used as the feedback value for the voltage controller. Together with the current loop, the dual-loop control is implemented in the 3-1MC. In this paper, the weighted composite voltage expression is derived based on the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) strategy. The switch functions of the 3-1MC are deduced, and the average signal model and small signal model are built. Furthermore, the stability and dynamic performance of the 3-1MC are studied, and simulation and experiment studies are executed. The results show that the control method is effective and feasible. They also show that the design is reasonable and that the operating performance of the 3-1MC is good.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2019

This paper analyzes the input side performance of a conventional three-phase to single-phase matrix converter (3-1MC). It also presents the input-side waveform quality under this topology. The suppression of low-frequency input current harmonics is studied using the 3-1MC plus capacitance compensation unit. The constraint between the modulation function of the output and compensation sides is analyzed, and the relations among the voltage utilization ratio and the output compensation capacitance, filter capacitors and other system parameters are deduced. For a 3-1MC without large-capacity energy storage, the system performance is susceptible to input voltage imbalance. This paper decouples the inner current of the 3-1MC using a Lyapunov function in the input positive and negative sequence bi-coordinate axes. Meanwhile, the outer loop adopts a voltage-weighted synthesis of the output and compensation sides as a cascade of control objects. Experiments show that this strategy suppresses the low-frequency input current harmonics caused by input voltage imbalance, and ensures that the system maintains good static and dynamic performances under input-unbalanced conditions. At the same time, the parameter selection and debugging methods are simple.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2008

자동차 폐촉매로부터 백금족 금속(PGMs)의 회수를 위한 어트리션 스크러빙의 효과를 조사하였다. 자동차 폐촉매를 2mm이하로 분쇄한 후 60분 범위내에서 어트리션 스크러빙하였으며 이를 체가름하였다. 스크러빙을 통해 촉매층은 촉매 지지체 표면으로부터 탈리되어 $45{\mu}m$이하의 미립자로 분리되었다. $45{\mu}m$ 이하 미립자의 양은 스크러빙 시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 스크러빙 시간 40분에서 미립자의 유가물 함량은 $CeO_2$ 19.3%, $ZrO_2$ 1.9%, PGMs 419ppm을 나타내었다. 미립자에서 감마 알루미나의 회수율은 스크러빙 시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 동시에 $CeO_2$, $ZrO_2$ 및 PGMs의 회수율도 $CeO_2$ 82.9%, $ZrO_2$ 78.7%, PGMs 78.9%로 증가하였다. 시료의 고액비 및 초기 투입 입자 크기가 증가할 때 미립자의 양 및 감마알루미나의 회수율은 증가하였다. 어트리션 스크러빙은 분쇄 및 분리 기술로서 스크러빙 용기내에서 입자들 사이의 충격 및 전단 운동에 의해 코디어라이트 촉매 지지체로부터 감마알루미나의 분리에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

종래의 컨버터-인버터 전력변환 시스템에서 do-link를 제거하여 보다 효과적인 인버터를 만들기 위하여 매트릭스 컨버터에 관하여 연구를 하고자 한다. 따라서 매트릭스 컨버터는 에너지를 저장하는 능동소자를 갖지 않는 장점이 있으나 전원이 스위치를 통하여 직접 부하에 연결되므로 전원의 리플과 노이즈가 그대로 부하에 전달되는 결점을 갖는다. 매트릭스 컨버터는 전원을 부하에 대하여 정현적으로 스위칭해야 되며, 한편 이러한 노이즈를 제거 및 보상하는 특성과 함께 역율문제도 함께 해결해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 종래의 제시된 방법에 비하여 제어어시간을 단축시킨 제어함수를 제시한다. 제시된 제어함수는 전원에 포함된 리플과 노이즈를 스위칭하는 과정에서 자동으로 보상하며 역율 1이되게 스위칭한다. 시뮬레이션 결과와 실험결과를 함께 제시한다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.925-934
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• 2015

This paper considers the robust controller design problem for a boost DC-DC converter. Based on the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model-based approach, a fuzzy controller as well as a fuzzy load conductance observer are designed. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the controller and the observer are derived using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). LMI parameterizations of the gain matrices are obtained. Additionally, LMI conditions for the existence of the fuzzy controller and the fuzzy load observer guaranteeing α-stability, quadratic performance are derived. The exponential stability of the augmented fuzzy observer-controller system is shown. It is also shown that the fuzzy load observer and the fuzzy controller can be designed independently. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified via experimental and simulation results under various conditions.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1048-1057
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• 2017

An indirect matrix converter (IMC) is a modern power generation system that enables a direct ac/ac conversion without the need for any bulky and limited lifetime electrolytic capacitor. This system also allows four-quadrant operation, generation of sinusoidal output voltage waveforms with variable frequency and amplitude, and control of input power factor. This study proposes a pulse-width modulation-based sliding-mode controller to achieve unity input-power factor operation of the IMC independently of the active power exchanged with the grid, as well as a fast dynamic response. The designed equivalent control law determines, at each sampling period, the appropriate q-axis component of the modulated input current to be injected into the grid through the LC input filter. An integral term of the error is included in the expression of the sliding surface to increase the accuracy of the control method. A double space vector modulation method is used to synthesize the direction of the space vector of the input currents as required by the sliding-mode controller and the space vectors of the target output voltages. Simulation and experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness and evaluate the performance of the proposed control method.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.411-421
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• 2017

An approach based on a 2D lumped model is presented to quantify the voltage transfer gain (VTG) in power converter low power planes. The advantage of the modeling approach is the ease with which typical noise reduction devices such as decoupling capacitors or ferrite beads can be integrated into the model. This feature is enforced by a new modular approach based on effective matrix partitioning, which is presented in the paper. This partitioning is used to decouple power plane equations from external device impedance, which avoids the need for rewriting of a whole set of equation at every change. The model is quickly solved in the frequency domain, which is well suited for an automated layout optimization algorithm. Using frequency domain modeling also allows the integration of frequency-dependent devices such inductors and capacitors, which are required for realistic computation results. In order to check the precision of the modeling approach, VTGs for several layout configurations are computed and compared with experimental measurements based on scattering parameters.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 쌍선형 함수를 이용하여 연속시스템의 상태공간에서 설계된 폐 루우프계로 부터 이산시스템의 피이드백 게인행렬을 얻을 수 있는 디지탈재설계법이 제안 되었고, 크레인의 실시간 제어를 통해 본 연구에서 제안된 디지탈 재설계법의 유 효성을 확인했다.