• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.49-59
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• 2008

SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform) is an algorithm to extract vectors at pixels around keypoints, in which the pixel colors are very different from neighbors, such as vortices and edges of an object. The SIFT algorithm is being actively researched for various image processing applications including 3-D image constructions, and its most computation-intensive stage is a keypoint localization. In this paper, we develope a fixed-point model of the keypoint localization and propose its efficient hardware architecture for embedded applications. The bit-length of key variables are determined based on two performance measures: localization accuracy and error rate. Comparing with the original algorithm (implemented in Matlab), the accuracy and error rate of the proposed fixed point model are 93.57% and 2.72% respectively. In addition, we found that most of missing keypoints appeared at the edges of an object which are not very important in the case of keypoints matching. We estimate that the hardware implementation will give processing speed of $10{\sim}15\;frame/sec$, while its fixed point implementation on Pentium Core2Duo (2.13 GHz) and ARM9 (400 MHz) takes 10 seconds and one hour each to process a frame.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 1999

Contrast-enhanced CT has an important role in assessing liver lesions, the optimal protocol to get most effective result is not clear. The mein goal when deciding injention protocol is to optimize lesion detectability with rapid scanning when lesion to liver contrast is maximum. For this purpose, we developed a physiological model of the contrast medium enhancement based on the compartment modeling and pharmacokinetics. Blood supply to liver is achieved in two paths. This dual supply characteristic distinguishes the CT enhancement of liver from that of the other organs. The first path is by hepatic artery and to second, by portal vein. However, it is assumed that only gepatic artery can supply blood to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) compartment, thus, the difference of contrast enhancement is resulted between normal liver tissue and hepatic tumor. By solving differential equations for each compartment simultaneously using the computer program Matlab, CT contrast-enhancement curves were simulated. The simulated enhancement curves for aortic, hepatic, portal vein, and HCC compartments were compared with the mean enhancement curves from 24 patients exposed to the same protocols as the simulation. These enhancement curves showed a good agreement. Furthermore, we simulated lesion-to-liver curves for various injection protocols, and the effects were analyzed. The variables to be considered in the injection protocol were injection rate, dose, and concentration of contrast material. These data may help to optimize scanning protocols for better diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to predict the failure or success of the Snatch-lifting trial as a consequence of the stand-up phase simulated in Kane's equation of motion that was effective for the dynamic analysis of multi-segment. This experiment was a case study in which one male athlete (age: 23yrs, height: 154.4cm, weight: 64.5kg) from K University was selected The system of a simulation included a multi-segment system that had one degree of freedom and one generalized coordinate for the shank segment angle. The reference frame was fixed by the Nonlinear Trans formation (NLT) method in order to set up a fixed Cartesian coordinate system in space. A weightlifter lifted a 90kg-barbell that was 75% of subject's maximum lifting capability (120kg). For this study, six cameras (Qualisys Proreflex MCU240s) and two force-plates (Kistler 9286AAs) were used for collecting data. The motion tracks of 11 land markers were attached on the major joints of the body and barbell. The sampling rates of cameras and force-plates were set up 100Hz and 1000Hz, respectively. Data were processed via the Qualisys Track manager (QTM) software. Landmark positions and force-plate amplitudes were simultaneously integrated by Qualisys system The coordinate data were filtered using a fourth-order Butterworth low pass filtering with an estimated optimum cut-off frequency of 9Hz calculated with Andrew & Yu's formula. The input data of the model were derived from experimental data processed in Matlab6.5 and the solution of a model made in Kane's method was solved in Matematica5.0. The conclusions were as follows; 1. The torque motor of the shank with 246Nm from this experiment could lift a maximum barbell weight (158.98kg) which was about 246 times as much as subject's body weight (64.5kg). 2. The torque motor with 166.5 Nm, simulated by angular displacement of the shank matched to the experimental result, could lift a maximum barbell weight (90kg) which was about 1.4 times as much as subject's body weight (64.5kg). 3. Comparing subject's maximum barbell weight (120kg) with a modeling maximum barbell weight (155.51kg) and with an experimental maximum barbell weight (90kg), the differences between these were about +35.7kg and -30kg. These results strongly suggest that if the maximum barbell weight is decided, coaches will be able to provide further knowledge and information to weightlifters for the performance improvement and then prevent injuries from training of weightlifters. It hopes to apply Kane's method to other sports skill as well as weightlifting to simulate its motion in the future study.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2019

This is a pilot study of machine learning based structural health monitoring system using flight data of composite aircraft. In this study, the most suitable machine learning algorithm for structural health monitoring was selected and dimensionality reduction method for application on the actual flight data was conducted. For these tasks, impact test on the cantilever beam with added mass, which is the simulation of damage in the aircraft wing structure was conducted and classification model for damage states (damage location and level) was trained. Through vibration test of cantilever beam with fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensor, data of normal and 12 damaged states were acquired, and the most suitable algorithm was selected through comparison between algorithms like tree, discriminant, support vector machine (SVM), kNN, ensemble. Besides, through neighborhood component analysis (NCA) feature selection, dimensionality reduction which is necessary to deal with high dimensional flight data was conducted. As a result, quadratic SVMs performed best with 98.7% for without NCA and 95.9% for with NCA. It is also shown that the application of NCA improved prediction speed, training time, and model memory.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.345-357
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• 2023

Nuclear forensics has been understood as a mendatory component in the international society for nuclear material control and non-proliferation verification. Radiochronometry of nuclear activities for nuclear forensics are decay series characteristics of nuclear materials and the Bateman equation to estimate when nuclear materials were purified and produced. Radiochronometry values have uncertainty of measurement due to the uncertainty factors in the estimation process. These uncertainties should be calculated using appropriate evaluation methods that are representative of the accuracy and reliability. The IAEA, US, and EU have been researched on radiochronometry and uncertainty of measurement, although the uncertainty calculation method using the Bateman equation is limited by the underestimation of the decay constant and the impossibility of estimating the age of more than one generation, so it is necessary to conduct uncertainty calculation research using computer simulation such as Monte Carlo method. This highlights the need for research using computational simulations, such as the Monte Carlo method, to overcome these limitations. In this study, we have analyzed mathematical models and the LHS (Latin Hypercube Sampling) methods to enhance the reliability of radiochronometry which is to develop an uncertainty algorithm for nuclear material radiochronometry using Bateman Equation. We analyzed the LHS method, which can obtain effective statistical results with a small number of samples, and applied it to algorithms that are Monte Carlo methods for uncertainty calculation by computer simulation. This was implemented through the MATLAB computational software. The uncertainty calculation model using mathematical models demonstrated characteristics based on the relationship between sensitivity coefficients and radiative equilibrium. Computational simulation random sampling showed characteristics dependent on random sampling methods, sampling iteration counts, and the probability distribution of uncertainty factors. For validation, we compared models from various international organizations, mathematical models, and the Monte Carlo method. The developed algorithm was found to perform calculations at an equivalent level of accuracy compared to overseas institutions and mathematical model-based methods. To enhance usability, future research and comparisons·validations need to incorporate more complex decay chains and non-homogeneous conditions. The results of this study can serve as foundational technology in the nuclear forensics field, providing tools for the identification of signature nuclides and aiding in the research, development, comparison, and validation of related technologies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1255-1262
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• 2012

Look into the nuclear power plant of Wolsong currently, it is controlled in order to required operating pressure with PI controller. PI controller has a simple structure and satisfy design requirements to gain setting. However, It is difficult to control without changing the gain from produce changes in parameters such as loss of the valves and the pipes. To solve these problems, the dynamic change of the PI controller gain, or to compensate for the PI controller output is desirable to configure the controller. The aim of this research and development in the parameter variations can be controlled to a stable controller design which is reduced an error and a vibration. Proposed PI/NN control techniques is the PI controller and the neural network controller that combines a parallel and the neural network controller part is compensated output of the controller for changes in the parameters were designed to be robust. To directly evaluate the controller performance can be difficult to test in real processes to reflect the characteristics of the process. Therefore, we develope the simulator model using the real process data and simulation results when compared with the simulated process characteristics that showed changes in the parameters. As a result the PI/NN controller error and was confirmed to reduce vibrations.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

In this thesis, design effective elimination interference algorithm of ICS repeat system for repeater that improve frequency efficiency. Error convergence speed and accuracy of LMS Algorithm are influenced by reference signal. For improve LMS Algorithm, suggest Adaptive channel estimate algorithm. For using channel characteristic, adaptive channel estimate algorithm make reference signal similar interference signal by convolution operation and complement LMS algorithm demerit. For make channel similar piratical channel, apply Jake's Rayleigh multi-path model that random five path with 130Hz Doppler frequency. LMS algorithm and suggested adaptive channel estimate algorithm that have 16 taps apply to ICS repeat system under Rayleigh multi-path channel, so simulate with MATLAB. According to simulate, ICS repeat system with LMS algorithm show -40dB square error convergent after 150 datas iteration and ICS repeat system with adaptive channel estimate algorithm show -80dB square error convergent after 200 datas iteration. Analyze simulation result, suggested adaptive channel estimate algorithm show more three times iteration performance than LMS algorithm, and 40dB accuracy.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.408-417
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• 2011

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are specialized hybrid electric vehicles that have the potential to obtain enough energy for average daily commuting from batteries. The PHEV battery would be recharged from the power grid at home or at work and would thus allow for a reduction in the overall fuel consumption. This paper proposes an integrated power electronics interface for PHEVs, which consists of a novel Eight-Switch Inverter (ESI) and an interleaved DC/DC converter, in order to reduce the cost, the mass and the size of the power electronics unit (PEU) with high performance at any operating mode. In the proposed configuration, a novel Eight-Switch Inverter (ESI) is able to function as a bidirectional single-phase AC/DC battery charger/ vehicle to grid (V2G) and to transfer electrical energy between the DC-link (connected to the battery) and the electric traction system as DC/AC inverter. In addition, a bidirectional-interleaved DC/DC converter with dual-loop controller is proposed for interfacing the ESI to a low-voltage battery pack in order to minimize the ripple of the battery current and to improve the efficiency of the DC system with lower inductor size. To validate the performance of the proposed configuration, the indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimize the efficiency of the AC drive system in PHEVs. The maximum efficiency of the motor is obtained by the evaluation of optimal rotor flux at any operating point, where the PSO is applied to evaluate the optimal flux. Moreover, an improved AC/DC controller based Proportional-Resonant Control (PRC) is proposed in order to reduce the THD of the input current in charger/V2G modes. The proposed configuration is analyzed and its performance is validated using simulated results obtained in MATLAB/ SIMULINK. Furthermore, it is experimentally validated with results obtained from the prototypes that have been developed and built in the laboratory based on TMS320F2808 DSP.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.79-88
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• 2008

In this study electromagnetic fields near electric power lines were derived by dipole antenna theory and electromagnetic fields near 3 phase power lines with vertical configurations were formulated and could be computed easily using these formula. It seems that those formula could be applicable to the consideration of electromagnetic fields during the design of transmission and distribution lines. Those formulated equations on elements of electromagnetic fields were applied to the model of a transmission-line system and were calculated by Matlab programs. The calculation results are follows. For variation of horizontal distance profiles of $E_y$ and $B_z$ are same each other, and also those of $B_y$ and $E_z$ are same each other. This means that coupled elements of E and B are perpendicular each other and have the propagation direction of the right-hand system such as $x{\rightarrow}E_y{\rightarrow}B_z$. Resultant electric field E is dominated by the element $E_y$ and resultant magnetic field B is dominated by the element $B_z$.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.225-237
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• 1998

Purpose: We investigated the statistical methods to compose the functional brain map of human working memory and the principal factors that have an effect on the methods for localization. Materials and Methods: Repeated PET scans with successive four tasks, which consist of one control and three different activation tasks, were performed on six right-handed normal volunteers for 2 minutes after bolus injections of 925 MBq $H_2^{15}O$ at the intervals of 30 minutes. Image data were analyzed using SPM96 (Statistical Parametric Mapping) implemented with Matlab (Mathworks Inc., U.S.A.). Images from the same subject were spatially registered and were normalized using linear and nonlinear transformation methods. Significant difference between control and each activation state was estimated at every voxel based on the general linear model. Differences of global counts were removed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with global activity as covariate. Using the mean and variance for each condition which was adjusted using ANCOVA, t-statistics was performed on every voxel To interpret the results more easily, t-values were transformed to the standard Gaussian distribution (Z-score). Results: All the subjects carried out the activation and control tests successfully. Average rate of correct answers was 95%. The numbers of activated blobs were 4 for verbal memory I, 9 for verbal memory II, 9 for visual memory, and 6 for conjunctive activation of these three tasks. The verbal working memory activates predominantly left-sided structures, and the visual memory activates the right hemisphere. Conclusion: We conclude that rCBF PET imaging and statistical parametric mapping method were useful in the localization of the brain regions for verbal and visual working memory.