• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.615-626
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• 2006

천연자원 및 물질순환은 자원채광, 운반, 처리, 활용, 회수 및 폐기 등과 관련된 모든 인간의 활동을 포함한다. 지속가능한 물질 관리는 물질순환을 통해 경제적 매개체에 맞추어진 통합된 정책수단이며 경제적으로 효율적이고 환경적으로 효과적인 물질의 사용을 위한 것이다. 산업광물, 금속광물 및 화석연료의 물질흐름은 회수, 처리, 소비 및 최종 폐기와 관련된 환경적 압력 때문에 지금껏 환경정책의 주된 영역이었다. OECD의 물질흐름분석연구는 회원국의 경제운용에서 물질자원의 중요성에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓혀 국가별국가간 천연자원 및 물질흐름에 대한 정량적이고 분석적인 지식기반을 증진하는 것이다. 현재 EU에서는 물질흐름계정이 몇몇 회원국에서 공식통계로 활용되고 있다. 주로 물질흐름분석은 물질흐름계정으로부터 정보를 활용하여 물질사용의 효율성을 평가하는 가치화기법으로서 기존의 경제모니터링시스템에서 파악되지 않는 천연자원 등의 폐기를 인지하는데 활용된다. 물질흐름분석에서 자원사용과 효율성은 장기간의 지속가능성 및 환경정책을 위한 중요한 주제로 떠오르고 있는 것이다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2014

The basis of the cobalt demand analysis by use was established via the investigation and analysis of the cobalt materials flow, and the overall cobalt metal material and parts industry structure in Korea was examined to determine the cobalt material flow. The markets of the cobalt material for machinery were studied, including their interrelations, via market and study trends, and relevant plans were examined. The results of the study indicated that the advanced core technology for advanced industry and technology-intensive industry development is required to structurally innovate the parts materials and basic materials industries and to upgrade the catch-up industry structure to the new frontier structure.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2015

With the stabilization of Korea's industrialization, it has become interested in the efficient use of rare metals, climate change and industrial environment and safety etc. It is thus making efforts to implement economic policies that address such issues. Therefore it is necessary to understand the demand, supply and use of metal materials. Since 2010, the Korean government has developed the integrated material flow methodology and has been trying to examine the demand, supply and use of metal materials. In 2013, the Korean government surveyed the material flow of chromium. Material flow analysis and environment emission of chromium were investigated 8 steps; (1) raw material, (2) first process, (3) Intermediate product, (4) End product, (5) Use/accumulation, (6) Collection, (7) Recycling, (8) Disposal. Chromium was used for stainless steel, alloy steel, coated sheets, refractory material and coating materials. Recycling was done mainly in use of stainless steel scrap. To ensure efficient use of chromium, process improvement is required to reduce the scrap in the intermediate product stage. In the process of producing of the products using chromium, it was confirmed that chromium was exposed to the environment. It requires more attention and protection against environment emission of chromium.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2014

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for all living organisms. P is mostly obtained from mined rock phosphate. However, existing rock phosphate reserves could be exhausted in the next 50-100 years. As Korea is totally dependent on imported rock phosphate, we should seek for solution to overcome the P depletion by efficient use and recycling. For this, this study suggested a P flow model to identify the location and flow route of P in urban area based on traditional material flow analysis. The type of P entering the urban areas are fertilizer, food and feed. Each type of P is used in agriculture, human consumption and animal husbandry. After going through each process, P is moved to waste management facilities within food waste, excreta and sewage. Some portion of P in waste are buried, incinerated and discharged, which can be reservoir of P in the future.

• 산업공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 1997

The efficiency of material flow systems in terms of optimal network flow and minimum cost flow has always been an important design and operational goal in material handling and distribution system. In this research, an attempt was made to develop a new algorithm and the model to solve a stochastic material flow network with bidirectional and uncertain flows. A stochastic material flow network with bidirectional flows can be considered from a finite set with unknown demand probabilities of each node. This problem can be formulated as a special case of a two-stage linear programming problem which can be converted into an equivalent linear program. To find the optimal solution of proposed stochastic material flow network, some terminologies and algorithms together with theories are developed based on the partitioning and subgradient techniques. A computer program applying the proposed method was developed and was applied to various problems.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.579-587
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• 2006

최근 지속 가능한 산업 개발을 위한 생태산업단지(eco-industrial park, EIP)의 개발이 각 국가별로 활성화 되고 있다. 생태산업단지(eco-industrial park)는 사업의 특성상 기업 및 정부, 그리고 자치단체가 모두 참여하는 성격을 지니지만 이를 구체적으로 실현하는 데는 공학적인 모델링 과정이 필요하다. 생태산업단지를 위한 주요 기술로는 에너지 교환, 물질흐름분석, 용수 이용 최적화, 전과정 평가를 통한 환경영향평가 등이 있다. 생태산업단지를 공학적으로 설계하는데 있어서 해당 기업들의 물질흐름이 어떻게 진행되고 이것을 어떻게 최적화 하여 모델링 할 것인지가 주요 목적이므로 물질흐름분석(material flow analysis, MFA) 방법론은 생태산업단지 설계에 유용하게 적용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 물질흐름분석 방법론 기술과 포항 생태산업 시범단지의 사례연구를 바탕으로 물질흐름 분석방법을 생태산업단지 모델링에 적용하는 방법, 그리고 MFA 모델링을 위한 소프트웨어의 활용을 제시한다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.471-474
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• 2006

The Mixer is apparatus that help precipitation or an inhomogeneous distribution of various phases to be mixed and that user makes necessary material mixing one or the other. Mainly the mixer which is used from chemical and food industry is very important system in engineering that mixes the material. The inside flow of the mixer under the actual states which put a basis in flow of the fluid is formed rotation of the impeller. The inside flow of impeller will be caused by various reasons change with shape of impeller, number of rotation, mixing material and flow pattern of free surface etc. Also mixer study depended in single-phase flow and experimental research. So the numerical analysis of flow mixing solid-fluid particle is simulated. It is become known, that the case where agitator inside working fluid includes the solid particle the sinkage reverse which the solid particle has decreases an agitation efficiency. From the research which it sees the hazard solid which examines the effect where the change of the sinkage territory which it follows agitation number of revolution and diameter of the particle goes mad to an agitator inside flow distribution - numerical analysis the inside flow distribution of liquid state with Eulerian Two-Phase Method.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.475-486
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of material flow cost accounting (MFCA) in Vietnam's coal-fired thermal power plants. This study is based on the contingency and system theories to explain the application of management tools and analyze steps of input, output, and process in manufacturing. Costs in producing process-based MFCA include material cost, energy cost, system cost, and waste management cost. The exploratory case study methodology is used to describe and answer two questions, namely "How coal flow cost is recognized?" and "Why waste in material consumption can be harmful to the environment?". By analyzing the Quang Ninh and Pha Lai coal-fired thermal power plants that are the typical plants, this paper identifies the flow of primary material in these plants as a basis for determining losses for the business. The material flow of coal-fired thermal power plants provides the basis for the use of the MFCA. The manufacturing of electrical items in these plants is divided into four stages, each with its own set of losses. As a result, some phases in the application of MFCA are suggested, as well as some other elements required for MFCA application in coal-fired thermal power plants.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.96-100
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• 2000

It is difficult to predict material behavior of forming process because the plastic instable flow phenomenon happens in practical forming process I. e. upsetting backward extrusion piercing indentation. In view of the direct relationship between instable material flow and quality defects of the products we should find out their phenomena, In this study we introduced the plastic spin and the kinematic hardening considering the kinematic hardening constitutive equation for rate-dependent material. Also analysis of upset forging is carried out using the rigid plastic FEM with Al7075

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1753-1762
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• 2000

An inverse method is presented to obtain material's flow properties by using small punch test. This procedure employs, as the objective function of inverse analysis, the balance of measured load-di splacement response and calculated one during deformation. In order to guarantee convergence to global minimum, simulated annealing method was adopted to optimize the current objective function. In addition, artificial neural network was used to predict the load-displacement response under given material parameters which is the most time consuming and limits applications of global optimization methods to these kinds of problems. By implementing the simulated annealing for optimization along with calculating load-displacement curve by neural network, material parameters were identified irrespective of initial values within very short time for simulated test data. We also tested the present method for error-containing experimental data and showed that the flow properties of material were well predicted.