• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.273-294
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• 2012

In my previous article "An Inferentialist Account of Indicative Conditionals" and "An Inferentialist Account of Indicative Conditionals and Hasuk Song's Objections", I argued that the so-called Uncontested Principle is not uncontestable. According to the Uncontested Principle, an indicative conditional '$A{\rightarrow}C$' logically implies a material conditional '$A{\supset}C$'. In his recent paper "On the Recent Controversies surrounding the Uncontested Principle" Wonbae Choi presents three objections to my claim. First, my denial of the Uncontested Principle implies rejecting modus ponens. Second, my denial of the Uncontested Principle is tantamount to taking the truth-conditions of an indicative conditional as weaker than those of a material conditional, which are usually taken to be the weakest among conditionals. Third, my view that we can warrantedly assert '$A{\rightarrow}C$' even when 'A ${\therefore}$ C' is inductively justified is based on a misunderstanding of the way in which indicative conditionals are justified. In this paper I argue that Choi's objections are all based on misunderstandings of my view. First, I do not deny the validity of modus ponens (as a form of deductive reasoning). Second, the fact that the inductive warrantability of 'A ${\therefore}$ C' does not imply the truth of '$A{\supset}C$' does not show that the truth-conditions of an indicative conditional is weaker than those of a material conditional. Third, Choi's claim that a contingent conditional '$A{\rightarrow}C$' is true only when 'C' can be deductively derived from 'A' in conjunction with a hidden premiss is not well grounded, nor does it fit the facts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.222-229
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• 2009

A noble infrared sensor was studied for passenger conditional detection in vehicle, This research relates to uncooled infrared sensors for detecting the presence, type and temperature of occupants in vehicle. It sense that the occupants purpose to control the smart airbag for safety in the case of adult or child and to control the automatic air conditioning for convenience. This paper described the design and the fabrication of microbolometers which were composed of 2 by 8 elements using the surface micromachining technology. The characteristics of the array were investigated in the spectral region of $8{\sim}12{\mu}m$. The fabricated detectors exhibited the thermal mass of $7.05{\times}10^{-9}\;J/K$, the thermal conductance of $1.03{\times}10^{-6}\;W/K$, the thermal time constant of 6.8 ms, the responsivity of $2.96{\times}10^4\;V/W$ and the detectivity of $1.01{\times}10^9\;cmHz^{1/2}/W$, at the chopper frequency of 10 Hz and the bias current of $4.4{\mu}A$. We could successfully detect the human body condition in the divided zone. As a results, we concluded that microbolometer optimized in this research could be useful for the application of passenger conditional detection in vehicle.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.251-272
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• 2012

Recently Professor Lee has suggested the analysis of the indicative conditional based on Sellars-Brandom's inferentialism. In this paper, I raise three questions. First, Professor Lee seems to misunderstand Sellars-Brandom in that he considers only the analytically valid arguments as materially valid inferences. Second, Professor Lee seems to misunderstand Sellars-Brandom in that whereas Sellars-Brandom talks about the common features of all kinds of conditionals including counterfactual conditionals, Professor Lee takes it as the analysis of the indicative conditional only. Third, either Professor Lee's analysis is incompatible with Sellars-Brandom inferentialism or his analysis is too general.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1872-1879
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• 2016

The techniques to recycle and reuse plastics attract public attention. These public attraction and needs result in improving the recycling technique. However, the identification technique for black plastic wastes still have big problem that the spectrum extracted from near infrared radiation spectroscopy is not clear and is contaminated by noise. To overcome this problem, we apply Raman spectroscopy to extract a clear spectrum of plastic material. In addition, to improve the classification ability of fuzzy Radial Basis Function Neural Networks, we apply supervised learning based clustering method instead of unsupervised clustering method. The conditional fuzzy C-Means clustering method, which is a kind of supervised learning based clustering algorithms, is used to determine the location of radial basis functions. The conditional fuzzy C-Means clustering analyzes the data distribution over input space under the supervision of auxiliary information. The auxiliary information is defined by using k Nearest Neighbor approach.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.347-365
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• 2019

It is important to pay attention to how teachers recognize and use curriculum materials in order to link written curriculum and enacted curriculum. In this study, 90 preservice mathematics teachers were surveyed to identify their perspective and reading of curriculum materials. Especially, we focused on the curriculum documents, textbooks, and teachers' guidebooks containing the concept of conditional probability which is addressed in highschool mathematics curriculum. The various misconceptions of conditional probability were reported in the many researches, and there are multiple methods to introduce conditional probability in mathematics classes. As a result, curriculum materials have some limits to be used as they are and considered to be reconstructable by participants, but their curriculum reading were mainly classified to be descriptive and evaluative, not to be interpretive. However, unlike curriculum documents, textbooks and teachers' guidebooks were partially interpreted by participants using their knowledge of conditional probability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the profession of mathematics teachers in terms of curriculum implementation. We expect that this study will provide a basic framework for analyzing mathematics teachers' works and suggest some implications for the professional development of mathematics teachers.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.85-100
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• 2011

Recently Byeong Deok Lee has denied the validity of the so-called uncontested principle, which says that the indicative conditional implies the material conditional. I show that his denial means that modus ponens is not valid and that the truth-conditions of indicative conditionals are weaker than that of material conditionals. It seems that what made him hold this view is related to some misunderstanding of indicative conditionals.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.347-375
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• 2012

In my article published in 2008, I offered an inferentialist account of indicative conditionals. In her recent paper, Professor Seawha Kim raises three objections. First, I misunderstand Sellars-Brandom in that I take only concept-constitutive inferences as materially valid inferences. Second, Sellars and Brandom talk about the common features of all kinds of conditionals including counterfactual conditionals, but I construe their view as the analysis of the indicative conditionals only. Third, either my analysis is incompatible with Sellars-Brandom inferentialism or my analysis is too general. In this paper I argue that Seawha Kim's objections are all based on insufficient understandings of Sellars's and Brandom's views. First, it is Sellars's view that materially valid inferences are restricted within concept-constitutive inferences. Second, neither Sellars nor Brandom proposes a specific theory about the indicative conditional. Instead, they argue for the expressive role of the conditional. What I accept from their views is this expressive role of the conditional. The detailed proposals about the indicative conditional in my aforementioned article are my own. Third, the differences among conditionals have no direct bearing on Sellars-Brandom inferentialism. In addition, the meaning and role of the conditional expression 'if-then' do not require more than what I have argued for it.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2009

Composition environments - Automatic Control System based on Sproute Cultivator using Remote Conditional Driving System was realized. It was carried out to investigate into the characteristics of LEDs Control for the cultivation of sprouts. We have also composed a Combined Automatic Control System possible for the control of temperature and humidity at the same time. The applied LEDs for measurement are blue, green, red, white, yellow leds. And we had also designed the Web Programming for the automatic control about sprout cutivators.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.197-217
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• 2014

In my previous papers, I have argued that the so-called 'Uncontested Principle' does not hold for indicative conditionals based on inductive reasoning. This is mainly because if we accept that a material conditional '$A{\supset}C$' can be inferred from an indicative conditional based on inductive reasoning '$A{\rightarrow}_iC$', we get an absurd consequence such that we cannot distinguish between claiming 'C' to be probably true and claiming 'C' to be absolutely true on the assumption 'A'. However, in his recent paper "Uncontested Principle and Inductive Argument", Eunsuk Yang objects that my argument is unsuccessful in disputing the Uncontested Principle. In this paper, I show that his objections are irrelevant to my argument against the Uncontested Principle.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 1988

A probabilistic model for the progressive failure in a homogeneous soil slope consisting of strain-softening material is presented. The local safety margin of any slice above failure surface is assumed to follow a normal distribution. Uncertainties of the shear strength along potential failure surface are expressed by one-dimensional random field models. In this paper, only the case where failure initiates at toe and propagates up to the crest is considerd. The joint distribution of the safety margin of any two adjacent slices above the failure surface is assumed to be bivariate normal. The overall probability of the sliding failure is expressed as a product of probabilities of a series of conditional el.eats. Finally, the developed procedure has been applied in a case study to yield the reliability of a cut slope.