• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2002

It is very important to measure and visualize the changes in the physical properties of fluid flow because this is the foundation of measurement techniques used in aerodynamics, heat transfer, plasma diagnostics, and stress analysis of transparent models. The optical methods are advantageous over probe-based techniques in the optical methods are of high speed, non-contact and are capable of providing full-field results with high spatial resolution. Therefore we propose the electronic speckle pattern interferometry(ESPI) that gives us a solution to overcome those limitations. In this paper the experimental results show qualitative and quantitative visualization of changes in the physical properties of the candle and alcohol lamp with 3D plotting. And we obtained the refractive index, mass density and temperature distribution of fluids. The results clearly show the process of flow phenomena and give the feasibility of quantitative interpretation of gasdynamics.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to verify the difference in biomechanical variation and pattern of the lower limb between planned and unexpected termination, which is related to the prevention of fatal fall in the elderly. Therefore, selected twenty subjects for each group which composed of females(age: $73.5{\pm}4.63$ year, height: $153.2{\pm}6.46$ cm, body mass: $58.98{\pm}5.82$ kg) and women(age: $23.4{\pm}2.5$ year, height: $164.65{\pm}3.9$ cm, body mass: $58.47{\pm}5.53$ kg) in their twenties. As a result, lower limb's extension moment and power were increased significantly in statistics(p<.05). Also, knee joint power showed instant changes from concentric contraction to eccentric contraction and hip joint power from eccentric contraction to concentric contraction. During unexpected termination there were dramatical increase in eccentric contraction and power(p<.05). In both planned and unexpected termination, ankle joint moment were higher in young group, but the moment of the hip joint were higher in the elderly group(p<.05). In contrast to younger group, there were no changes in knee extension moment in elderly group(p<.05). but showed relatively higher hip joint extension moment and power(p<.05).

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

This study was performed to report the effectiveness of modified fasting therapy using very-low-calorie-diet on a patient with obesity. The patient was diagnosed as severe obesity and participated in a 14-day fast with the Signature, a liquor which is made from fermented medical herbs and carbohydrates (intake <600 kcal/day) accompanying 7 prefasting relief days, and 16 days with stepwise reintroduction of food. The fasting patient also received intensive oriental medical treatments such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy and was encouraged to take more than two hours' of walking exercise a day. We have evaluated the efficacy of treatments by measuring the changes of body composition and blood chemistry according to each period of fasting therapy. After treatment, Body Fat Mass of the patient was decreased more than Muscle Mass and the level of AST, ALT was decreased to normal range. These results suggest that the modified fasting therapy was effective on the patient with obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.899-907
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• 1996

This study was conducted to examine how Korean women mange energy metabolism during lactation. Eighteen women recruited were healthy, had normal pregnancies and were required to breast-feed their babies exclusively for at least 12wks. During the study period, all subjects were visited and interviewed five times : 3d, 9d, 4wk, 8wk, and 12wk lactation. Body composition variables were analyzed by a bioelectrical impedance method, energy intakes were assessed by using the inventory-weighing method, energy expenditure were determined by recording daily activities, and milk energy output was investigated from the amount of milk production and the gross energy content of milk. The subjects consumed less energy than current recommended allowance all over the study period, but compatible with fairly adequate lactational performance. They responded the additional energy stress of lactation by enhancing metabolic efficiency, increasing energy intakes, reduction physical activities and mobilizing body reserves. Another finding in this study was that the reduction in body fat-free mass may be the one way that women meet the energy demands of lactation like the reduction in body fat mass. The results from this study suggest that current recommended additional energy need during lactation, 2.09MJ/d(500kcal/d), is too high for healthy Korean women. Our data also indicate that the changes of body composition and energy balance at earlier postpartum are extremely different from those at later periods.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.313-319
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• 2003

Dry weight loss and nutrient release from leaf litter for six tree species were studied using litter bag methods. The litter bags were incubated for f6 months on the forest floor in temperate deciduous forest in Mt. Cheonma, located at the middle part of Korean Peninsula. The changes in nutrient content and the rate of dry weight loss in leaf litter varied with litter types. The litter of Pinus densiflora showed the lowest rate of mass loss (k=0.33), nitrogen concentration (0.89%) and ash concentration (2.50%), while showed the highest C/N ratio (63.40). On the other hand, the litter of Acer pseudo-sieboldianum showed the fastest rate of mass loss (k=0.82), the highest nitrogen concentration (1.11%), and the lowest C/N ratio (49.40). During the decomposition, nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in the leaf litters showed relatively slow decreasing pattern compared to other elements (carbon, potassium, magnesium, manganese and sodium), but potassium and sodium decreased at early stage of the decomposition for all leaf litters. Differences in annual decomposition rates of litter among species were consistent with the particular chemical characteristics of their leaf litters. The initial concentration of nitrogen was positively correlated with litter decomposition rate for six species, while litter decomposition rate of six species was negatively correlated with C:N ratio of initial leaf litters.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 1996

A clinical analysis was made of 42 pilomatricoma in 34 children treated, from January 1980 to August 1996 at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hanyang University. The gender ratio was 13 to 21 with female preponderance. The average age at presentation was 7 years 3 months(range 8 months to 19 years old). The time average interval from onset to excision was 9.8 months. The predilection site was neck, upper extremities, face, trunk and lower extremities in the decreasing order of frequency. The masses were less than 3cm in diameter and there was no correlation between age at presentation and size of the mass. Of the six children with multiple lesions, two presented with multiple lesions initially and four presented with second lesion metachronously after excision of the primary lesions. Two girls had cysticercosis and von Recklinghausen's disease respectively in association with a pilomatricoma. All lesions were encapsulated subcutaneous masses which were clearly distinguished from surrounding tissue, and 4 of them had pigmentation, ulceration, skin disruption and hemorrhagic changes in the overlying skin. Microscopically the mass was composed of basophilic cells and eosinophilic shadow cells. Calcification, foreign body giant cell, ossification, focal cystic, inflammatory or necrotic changes were also seen.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.524-530
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• 2011

In the present study, we demonstrate that SRM LC-MS/MS method developed by Luo et al. (ref. 10) can be successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of intracellular metabolites in E. coli that are collected at the exponential and stationary growth phases. A focus is given on measuring the changes in the concentrations of intracellular metabolites in batch cultures, which were induced during both the dynamically changing exponential and stationary growth phases. The following intracellular metabolites are quantified in the exponential and stationary phases of E. coli growth, using the SRM mode of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer: glucose-1-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, acetyl-coenzyme A, 6-phosphogluconate, ribulose-5-phosphate, xylulose-5-phosphate, erythrose-4-phosphate. The determined intracellular metabolite concentration profiles are shown to be in a good agreement with the growth profiles of E. coli, which clearly indicates that SRM LC-MS/MS can be successfully used for following the metabolite changes induced at different growth stages.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.6
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• pp.53-62
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• 1995

This research aims at proving the fact that the forms, spaces and many other design concepts of Modernism are much related with the changes of materials, struc-tures, and the way of construction as well as the idealis-tic and aesthestic things through the history of steel, one of the most important materials of the style. The meaning steel has in the modern architecture can be studied in the structure and industrial production system. 1) Steel frame broadened the range of understanding the space and created the new form through the skeleton/skin structure by reinterpreting the existing space fac-tors while it was being adopted to the architecture. Walls could be freed from the traditional function of bear-ing wall and roofs gave the transparancy to the interior by being linked with the glass. Posts lost the function which confines the space in the frame of the grid system and gave the flexibility to the interior due to the economical materials. These changes made the movable partition, screen with various materials and the system furniture which divides the space more important. 2) In the aspect of the industrialized architecture, it be-came the moment that the most of the archtectural com-posing parts were in mass production as they were standarized, high qualified, and generalized by the indus-trial characteristics of steel, and the specialization of structure and cladding, but the neither of the efforts to make the building itself by mass production or to standarize it was fulfilled. The high-tech architecture which borrows its archtectural manifestation from the high technology, however, is consistently paying efforts on such industrialization.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.289-298
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• 2011

TMAH-based Py-MS has been investigated to apply for a real-time classification of biological agents in the field. Acquiring reproducible data from mass spectrometry is a key to biological detection in the field. Nevertheless, it has been little studied on what factors could affect to the reproducibility of the TMAH-based Py-MS spectrum patterns. Given the TMAH-based Py-MS applied to the field system, several factors which could affect to the reproducible pattern of TMAH-based Py-MS spectra are needed to be examined, including changes in TMAH injection volume, growth temperature for microorganism, and number of cells collected in pyrolyzer, and implication of stabilizer used for lyophilization. This study showed that the reproducibility of the spectrum patterns was significantly hindered by changes in TMAH concentration and cell number, and stabilizer implication but not by growth temperature. Among those at low TMAH concentration(0.015m) was not observed the significant alterations of the spectrum pattern even when its injection volume was changed, yet was in different cell numbers and stabilizer implication.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Air deck charge blasting method which has been generally used in a surface mine and large scale developing site is one of the improved techniques with blasting effectiveness. Many studies and experiments have been tried to investigate the characteristics of pressure distribution in a blasting hole and increase the effectiveness of air deck charge blasting method. In this study, changes of pressure occurred in sections of air deck installed in various ways was computed and also changes of pressure with the location and length of air deck was analyzed, using numerical analysis program. Basically, all the numerical analysis was 2-Dimensional analysis and equation of status of explosives was JWL-EOS. Only to evaluate the variations of pressure in blast hole, it was assumed that rock mass is homogeneous but rock mass has different density and intensity.