• 한국인구학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.55-73
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• 2008

이 글은 한국사회 가족내 성 형평성과 둘째 출산과의 관계를 경험적으로 분석함으로써 한국 사회 초저출산 현상에 대한 이해를 심화시키고 정책적 이론적 함의를 도출하고자 하는 데 연구목적이 있다. 이 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 2005년 한국보건사회연구원의 "전국 결혼 및 출산동향조사" 자료를 분석하여 조사 당시 한 자녀를 둔 20-34세 기혼 여성의 둘째 출산 계획에 대한 로짓분석을 실시하였다. 조사대상 516명 가운데 둘째 출산을 할 의향이 있는 여성들은 54.7%, 282명이었다. 분석결과 여성들의 둘째 출산 계획에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수는 '자녀 터울 조절'과 '원하는 자녀 구성' 등 가족주기상의 가족계획으로 나타났다. 총가구원수가 많을수록 (90% 유의도 수준), 첫째 자녀의 성이 여아일수록 둘째 출산에 긍정적인 태도를 보였다. 여성들의 둘째 출산 계획에, 가족내 부부의 '성 형평성 요인'은 기혼 취업 여성에게서만 의미 있는 요인으로 확인되었다. 기혼 취업 여성의 경우 남편의 가사노동시간이 증가할수록 둘째 출산에 더욱 적극적이었다. 그러나 전업주부의 경우 남편의 가사노동시간이나 가사분담률과 같은 부부간성 형평성 정도는 그들의 둘째 출산 계획에 아무런 영향도 미치지 않았다. 전업주부의 경우 둘째 출산 시기를 앞당김으로써 자녀양육기간을 단축하고 이후 재취업을 꾀하는 것으로 파악되었다. 결국 가족내 성 형평성 여부가 둘째 출산 계획에 직접 영향을 미치는 기혼취업여성이나 영향을 미치지 않는 전업주부여성 모두 일과 가족생활의 양립이 어려운 상황에서 개별적인 생애전략을 취하고 있으며 일 가족생활 양립을 위한 가족내 성 형평성 증대와 사회적 지원이 요구된다고 하겠다.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.143-160
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the difference between traditional gender role attitude and realistic dual earner attitude. Most preceding studies analyzed gender role attitude by summated rating scale while few studies have been conducted on the difference between traditional gender role attitude and dual earner attitude. Method: By using the 9th Korea Welfare Panel Data (year 2014), this study extracted households of married couples and with children in working age (18 through 64 years of age) who are the main subjects in work-family relationship. First, this study classified traditional group and modern group in their gender role attitude and passive group and active group in their dual earner attitude and by crossing these attitudes, drew out 4 gender role/dual earner attitudes. For analysis, this study investigated frequency of attitude types through descriptive statistics. By conducting ANOVA, study verified if there are significant differences in the satisfaction with family relationship depending on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes. Lastly, study examined the effect of socio-economic status and demographic characteristics on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes by conducting multi-nominal logistic regression analysis. Results: As the result of analysis, first, half of respondents belonged to 'equal-role-oriented type' who has modern gender role attitude and active dual earner attitude. However, there were not a few 'dual-earner-avoiding type' who has modern gender role attitude but passive dual earner attitude and 'incongruous attitude type' who has traditional gender role attitude but active dual earner attitude. Next, 'incongruous attitude type' had significantly low level of satisfaction with overall family life, relationship with spouse and relationship with children than other attitude types. Lastly, those whose incomes belong to poor strata, those who are high school graduates and lower, males and those who are over the age of 60 had significantly higher probability of belonging to 'incongruous attitude type.' Conclusion: The results of analysis demonstrate that the difference between gender role attitude and dual earner attitude is an important matter and since 'incongruous attitude type' exhibits low level of satisfaction with family relationship, scrupulous policy approaches are required for those who have high possibility of belonging to 'incongruous attitude type.'

• 한국노년학
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.253-270
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• 2021

본 연구는 세대 간 거주근접성이 성인자녀가 중고령부모에게 제공하는 경제적 자원이전과 어떠한 관련성이 있는지, 세대간 거주근접성과 경제적 자원이전의 관계가 자녀의 성별에 따라 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 자녀 본인 뿐 아니라 형제자매의 거주근접성 역시 고려되었다. 미국 등 국외 선행연구는 근거리에 거주하는 형제자매가 제공하는 도구적 지원을 보완하기 위해 원거리에 거주하는 자녀의 경제적 지원수준이 높을 것으로 보았다. 데이터는 한국고령화연구패널 5차(2014)자료를 활용하였으며 연구대상은 부모의 연령이 60세 이상이고 자녀의 연령은 35세에서 55세 사이로 부모가 자녀와 동거하는 경우 분석에서 제외되었다. 부모의 경우 부부가구이거나 배우자와 사별한 독거가구로 구분하였다. 고정효과모형과 확률효과모형으로 가족내 분석을 실시하였고 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모와 30분 이내 거리에 거주하거나 혹은 1시간 이상 2시간 이내 거리에 거주하는 경우 아들의 경제적 지원액이 딸보다 많았다. 둘째, 선행연구 결과와 달리, 형제자매를 포함하여 모든 자녀가 부모와 1시간 이상 거리에 거주할 때 아들과 딸 성별의 구분 없이 경제적 지원액이 높았다. 세대간 거주근접성과 경제적 자원이전의 관련성은 배우자와 사별한 1인가구 부모가 경제적 지원의 수혜자인 경우 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2014

This study included empirical methods of study such as surveys and interviews with military hospital administrators from 14 military hospitals across the country. The results of the study is described below. First, results by demographic characteristics show that higher level of organizational commitment was found in males than females and in singles than married couples. Also, by organizational units, major units of military hospitals showed higher level of organizational commitment as well as job satisfaction. Second, Fair compensation had positive(+) effects on the study participants' job satisfaction and organizational commitment as the research hypothesized. Compensation included monetary and social benefits for the work performed. A transparent compensation system to reward members that performed the best for the department and the corps with appropriate amounts must be in place. Third, the organization culture of being considerate had positive(+) effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment while the culture of giving commands had negative(-) effects. Fourth, Conflict factors had negative(-) effects on job satisfaction with no direct effect on organizational commitment. Any organization must take measures when adverse effects of conflicts surface. As shown by the analysis results, conflict factors bring negative results to job satisfaction and organizational commitments. Department managers should utilize the proper function of conflicts as an accelerator in organization operation.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2002

This study was performed to develope a scale of gender role identity in Korean adults based on the Bem's theory of androgyny. Although there were several tools in Korea, they were revealed having some problems of cultural differences, translation biases, and methodological problems. Methods: A list of 78 items were developed using the existing tools and descriptions from 5 married couples. The items were the typical personality characteristics which were manifested by gender, male or female. And the list contained several items which were the socially desirable personality characteristics. which would be simply used as contextual items. Validity of the 78 items were screened by 18 expert panels with 4 point Likert scale, and 57 items were judged as highly valid from 70% of the experts, which were selected as preliminary items for the tool. Using the preliminary tool which was developed as a 4 point Likert scale, data were collected from 1,127 subjects for item analysis and factor analysis. 53 items were remained, because 4 items whose item-total correlation were lower than 0.2 were excluded by the result of item analysis. Factor analysis was done with the 53 items, and 49 items whose factor loadings were same and higher than 0.4 were remained. 3 factors were identified with eigen value 2.0, and these factors were named as masculinity, femininity, and social desirability. Results and Conclusion: KGRII(Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory) which contained 45 items was developed, with 15 items for 3 factors. The reliability of the tool was very high. Cronbach alpha of the tool was 0.929, and alpha of the subscales were ranged from 0.841 to 0.922.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.185-199
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of psychological and sexual violence in dating among high school students. Subjects consisted of 1,205 male and female adolescents from all parts of the country. 1,092 respondents were included in the final analysis(90.6%). For psychological violence, 13.3%(n=145) reported to have such experiences with a dating partner at least once or more. The most frequently used forms of violence were shouting, insulting language and behaviors, and blaming for a physical appearance. There were no sex differences in frequency of psychological violence between males and females, as an aggressor or a victim. Responses of victims were mostly negotiation and communication, and trying to forget it. For sexual violence, 27.8%(n=303) was found to have such experiences in a dating scence at least once or more. Hugging and kissing, close contact of parts of body, and gazing at parts of body were most frequently used forms. Responses of victims were pretending not to notice it and responding in the same way. There were significantly more male aggressors of sexual violence than females, but no sex difference in the number of victims. Those who reported to have experiences of violence were compared to the counterparts who had no experience in attitudes toward violence between dating partners and married couples, experiences of violence in childhood, school violence, and observations of violence between parents. Those with experience of dating violence reported to have significantly more experiences of violence in childhood and school, and parental violence. Based on the findings of this study, suggestion were made in regard to the need for development of dating violence prevention program for adolescents, and for welfare programs for adolescents in community.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.490-498
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• 2020

많은 국제결혼가정들은 그들이 이전에 경험해보지 못한 상당한 수준의 스트레스를 새로운 문화에 적응하기 위해 경험한다. 본 연구는 결혼의 유형과 스포츠활동 참여유형이 결혼건강과 결혼생활만족에 미치는 영향을 연구했다. 329명의 참여자들은 결혼유형(국제결혼/국내결혼)과 스포츠활동 참여유형(배우자와 함께/따로)에 따라 총 4개의 그룹으로 나뉘어졌으며 일원다변량 분산분석을 실시하여 결혼건강과 결혼생활만족의 그룹 간 차이를 확인했다. 결과적으로 문화적 그리고 언어적 차이와는 상관없이, 배우자와 함께 스포츠 활동에 참여한 응답자들이 그렇지 못한 응답자들보다 4개의 요인(유대감, 의사소통, 가치공유, 결혼생활만족)에서 높은 결과를 보였다. 본 연구는 배우자와 함께 참여하는 스포츠활동이 결혼생활에 긍정적 영향을 준다는 것을 확인하였으며 그러한 결과는 다문화사회에서 사람들의 더 나은 결혼생활을 돕기 위한 통찰력 있는 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6547-6552
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• 2014

Background: Cancer is a major life event that imposes huge economic and mental burdens on patients and families. In addition, the diagnosis of cancer also causes significant family discordance that can lead to marital problems such as divorce or separation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association and any related gender differences between cancer diagnosis and marital disruption among cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: We used the recent cross-sectional Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ($4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$; Years 2008-2012). The study participants were 623 married cancer survivors over the age of 19. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate odds ratios. Results: After adjusting for socioeconomic status and health-related behaviors, the odds ratio of marital disruption among female cancer survivors compared with male cancer survivors was 3.94 (95%CI 1.30-11.94; p=0.02). The odds ratio of marital disruption for the below-average economic level compared with the above-average economic level was 5.64 (95%CI: 1.03-31.02; p=0.05). When compared with the non-smoking cancer survivors, the smoking cancer survivors had an OR of marital disruption equal to 2.94 (95%CI: 1.08-8.00; p=0.03). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the odds of marital disruption among female cancer survivors are higher than those among their male couterparts. Medical practitioners should be sensitive to early signs of marital discord in couples affected by a cancer diagnosis. Early identification and psychosocial intervention might reduce the frequency of divorce and separation and thus improve quality of life and quality of care for cancer survivors.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a survey of patients with dementia registered and managed by primary health care posts. Method: Computation of 2016 dementia data registered in Health Care Center programs of 14 municipalities in ChoongNam province was analyzed. Data collection was done based on a pretest for dementia prevention and general management of registered dementia patients. Results: Results showed; Screening tests for dementia, 40% of population 60 or over, average number of cases, 174, average number of dementia registrants, 3.1, programs for prevention, approximately 70% special policy measures and 28% cognitive rehabilitation programs, counseling and education operating well overall, average number of dementia registrants/clinic 11.8, with women accounting for 70%, elders with less than 3 years of education, 75%, residence type cohabitation by married couples, 41%, and elders with Alzheimer type dementia, 64%. Conclusion: During early detection of dementia and follow-up examinations, high-risk groups (women, elders) should receive a dementia examination. In management of dementia there is a need to develop various programs including physical, economic, and emotional support not only for patients, but also for families. Health care managers also need systematic education to give them expert knowledge of dementia and management of dementia.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of negative life events on mental health and to explore possible main and moderating effects of spousal support on mental health with a focus on gender differences. The data for this study were taken from a nationwide random sample of 1,504 married men and women ranging in age from 30 to 59 through structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN program which was used to calculate frequency, mean, 1-test, multiple regressions. The main results were as follows: First, by examining mental health of Korean men and women, women were more likely than men to experience higher levels of depression. Second, there was no gender difference in the sum of experience of negative life events, therefore the date of this study did not support the differential exposure hypothesis. In addition, men perceived more support from their spouses than women. Third, results show that especially the event concerning with job/financial problems has negative impacts on mental health of both men and women, and vulnerability to undesirable life events was not found. Fourth, spousal support is associated with better mental health regardless of gender, and it reduces the harmful effects of life events concerning with job/financial area for both men and women. Also, spousal support reduces the magnitude of the harmful effects of life events concerning with health of men. This study focused on the impact of negative life events and the couple process. It was possible to explore the strength of social support provided from spouse of most importance to the individuals. These results affirm the importance of supportive relationships between couples as a buffer, mitigating harmful effects of negative life events on mental health.