• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.878-883
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• 2002

Due to rising trend of beef demand in Asia in the next two decades it is necessary to find additional sources of beef supply. In most Southeast Asian countries, male dairy and swamp buffalo have not yet been raised for a primary purpose of quality beef production. This study was aimed to compare growth and feeding performances as well as economic returns from feeding male dairy, beef cattle and swamp buffalo for quality beef. Thirty-six animals, 12 of each breed group, were used in feeding trial to compare the cost of beef production. Two levels of concentrate feeding, 1.75% of body weight (BW) and 1.00% of BW, were used for each breed group in order to compare feeding methods i.e. high and low levels. Within each breed group two animals of similar initial BW were randomly assigned to the two levels of feeding. The animals were fed from about 150 kg BW until reaching the final weight of about 400 kg. The results from this study showed that under the prevailing economic conditions in Thailand the cost of beef production from buffalo was lowest due to very low cost of feeder stocks, followed by dairy and beef. However, the cost of feeding per kg of BW gain was lowest in beef and highest in buffalo i.e. when disregarding the differences in cost of feeder stocks. Beef calves grew faster than dairy and buffalo, with better feed efficiencies. The results indicated that beef cattle could be more suitable for beef production for high-quality beef market, while buffalo could be more suitable for small farms where high roughage feeding is common. Male dairy calves appeared to require higher level of concentrate feeding than 1% BW in order to maintain good body conditions.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.171-188
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• 2020

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first identified in China in December 2019, has widely spread worldwide and is an ongoing pandemic. It is expected that the ripple effect of COVID-19 on the global economy including the agricultural sector will increase substantially if not properly controlled shortly. This study examines the potential impact of COVID-19 on the Korean beef cattle sector and farm labor demand for Korean beef cattle using a dynamic partial equilibrium model. The agricultural production value and farm labor demand for Korean beef cattle in the scenario assuming pessimistic GDP growth rate (-1.2% in 2020) with no direct supply shocks fell by up to 4.00% and 0.67%, respectively, compared to the baseline which represents the future without COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, the agricultural production value and farm labor demand for Korean beef cattle in the scenario assuming both pessimistic GDP growth rate and supply shocks (-12.7% beef imports and + 2.4% feed cost in 2020) increased by up to 12.08% and 1.99%, respectively, compared to the baseline.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 1991

Beef, pork and chicken on the market were analyzed for determination of tetracyclines residue and decomposition of tetracyclines by heating were studied. The content of oxytetracycline was trace in chicken A, 0.09 mg/kg in C and trace in beef C, pork A and B, but in the other samples was not detected oxytetracycline. Chlortetracycline residue was 0.14, 0.02 and 0.01 mg/kg in chicken A, C and beef B respectively. In HPLC analysis, two peaks of 8.1 and 9.0 min of retention time were found from beef and pork and expected to be component of meat, and because of same retention time, the one of 9.0 min interrupted determination of tetracycline. But those were not found in chicken, therefore the residue was 0.01 mg/kg in sample A. The residue were degradated rapidly by heating of roast, but slightly by that of boiling.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.296-320
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• 2014

Since the last decades, livestock ranching has been fast industrialized and the global trade of meat products is sheer increasing. And the Korean government opened its domestic beef market to meet increasing domestic demand for beef. In this context, domestic beef production took its way to specialization and scale economies, and subsequently the commodity chain of beef became different from the conventional one. Such institutions as beef quality grade, HACCP, and brand marketing have strong influence on current beef production systems. Furthermore, along with the macro-scale change, regional and local systems and actors also transform the beef commodity chain. Hampyong-gun, which had once been a declining rural and under-served region in the past, is now actively reviving its economy by producing industrialized, specialized, and localized beef. Such native beef production is both impacted by and associated with multi-scaled actors, their institutions and supporting discourses. These heterogeneous actors and institutions form a newer form of native beef system in the region.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-57
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• 2020

Korea-US FTA amendment became effective January 1, 2019 through several trade negotiations between the two countries. These amendments did not include changes in the agricultural sector. However, given the policy direction of the Trump administration, it is difficult to be certain that the existing Korea-US FTA on the agricultural sector will remain unchanged. This study examines the potential impact of changes in the US beef import tariff rates under the Korea-US FTA, which is progressively eliminated until 2026 using a dynamic partial equilibrium model. The modelling system is simulated with 100% decreases of tariff rates over 2020~2026 period and then compared to the baseline which is developed based on the current Korea-US FTA tariff rates. According to the scenario analyses results, 100% decreases of US beef tariff rate lowered Korean beef cattle production value up to 4.23%. Looking at this change in terms of absolute value rather than percentage, the total production value over 2020~2026 is expected to decrease by 815 billion won compared to Baseline. This reduction in production value in dynamic analysis is 67 billion won higher than the comparative static analysis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.180-188
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• 2018

The market size of home meal replacement (HMR) products has been gradually growing worldwide, even in Korea. In Korean HMR products, meat is the most important food ingredient compared with rice and vegetables. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate changes in physiochemical and sensory aspects of beef under different preparation processes. For preparing four treatments, beef eye of round (ER) added with salt and sugar (treatment 1) and that without salt and sugar (treatment 2) were mixed with rice and frozen at $-50^{\circ}C$. Beef ER without salt and sugar was also topped onto the rice and frozen (treatment 3), and that was topped onto the rice and precooled before freezing (treatment 4). Physiochemical analyses included cooking and drip losses, shear force, color, salt soluble protein, and sensory attributes were tested. The results showed significantly higher drip loss and total loss in beef ER samples 1 and 2, which were mixed with rice, compared to beef ER samples 3 and 4, which were not mixed with rice. A significantly higher discoloration was also observed in beef ER samples 1 and 2, compared to that in samples 3 and 4. In the partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis, beef ER sample 4 (precooled before freezing) was highly related to sensory attributes, such as flavor, overall acceptability, and juiciness, and far from non-preferred shear force. As a result, beef ER in HMR sample 4 was the most preferable to the sensory panel, and it had the most desirable physicochemical analysis outcomes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1461-1466
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• 2000

The use of the dairy male calf for beef production has been found to be economically unprofitable during the past due to high cost of feeds and relatively low beef price. However, due to current shortage of domestic beef supply and rising beef price, this research aimed to assess feeding methods and costs and returns in raising dairy male calves for beef production under changing economic conditions. Two diets were compared: calves on an optimal feeding level were given milk replacer for 44 d and a concentrate (with ad lib. hay) to 150 kg bodyweight that contained 16% crude protein; those given a sub-optimal diet, more appropriate for smallholder farms, received milk replacer for 30 d and 14% CP concentrate. Twelve pairs of dairy male calves (average age 32 days) of Holstein-Friesian high grades were used, each pair having similar influencing factors such as weight, age, and genotype. Each animal was kept in a separate feeding stall until reaching the final weight of 150 kg. The results from this experiment showed that the differences of traits concerning growth performance and feed efficiency of the animals raised under the two feeding regimes were statistically nonsignificant. The optimal group was just slightly better, but the cost of production of the sub-optimal group was 24 percent lower (4,667 vs. 6,144 baht per animal) and the cost difference was highly significant. The results from this investigation showed that beef production from dairy male calves can be economically viable when sub-optimal feeding method is used and market beef price is at current level.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2022

The objectives of this study were to investigate the behavior characteristics of pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes in various kinds of meat (beef, chicken, and pork) and to compare their risk using FDA-iRISK. The growth of S. Typhimurium in chicken and pathogenic E. coli in pork and beef was well supported and posed a high risk. A similar trend was observed in the risk comparison results using the iRISK. When comparing total disability adjusted life years (DALY) per year based on the kinds of meat, chicken was the highest (88.2), followed by pork (58.5) and beef for "yukhoe" (18.8). When comparing scenarios grouped by bacteria, The highest total DALYs per year was observed with pathogenic E. coli (121), followed by S. Typhimurium (44.8) and L. monocytogenes (1.67E-³). These results indicate that the risk of combining meat and foodborne pathogens varies under the same distribution environment. Thus, strict management and supervision are required to store and deliver raw meat to prevent cross-contamination among the raw meats at the processing plant and retail market.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 1983

The proteolytic bacteria were isolated from the market foods such as ground beef, cooked shrimp meat, perch fillet, oyster meat, beef with textured vegetable protein and fish digest distributed at supermarket in Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A. Two hundred and twenty-eight strains($30.8\%$) have proteolytic activity from 740 strains isolated from the examined samples and the strongest proteolytic strain among them was identified as a Streptococcus sp. Its maximum growth was showed at about 6 hours culture at $37^{\circ}C$ with shaking incubator in the medium added $0.15\%$ potassium phosphate monobasic and $0.4\%$ potassium phosphate dibasic, while the strongest activity of its extracellular protease was observed after 7 hours culture. The exoenzyme produced by the Streptococcus sp. was observed as a metal chelator sensitive protease, which are strongly inhibited by EDTA and o-phenanthroline but not affected by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.213-238
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate protein consumption market trends in Korea. Protein consumption was divided according to the protein source into meat, fishery, and plant-based protein. To accomplish the goal of this study, food purchase data from 525 households panels collected by the Rural Development Administration over the last 10 years were used. The results of the study showed an increase or decrease in protein consumption by protein type over the last 10 years, and a reason to explain this change has been suggested. Specifically, this study found a dramatic increase in the consumption of several proteins, including beef sirloin, beef tenderloin, seasoned beef & steak, pork belly, pork shoulder, pork neck, seasoned pork, pork cutlet, sweet and sour pork, canned ham, chicken drumstick, chicken breast, dak gangjeong, Chinese fried chili chicken, salmon, eel, abalone, squid, octopus, webfoot octopus, octopus minor, canned whelk, tofu, cold bean soup,and plant-based milk. Some items showed no increase in consumption (such as beef jerky, pork rib, sausage, bacon, whole raw chicken, cutlass fish, oyster, fish cake, crab stick, surimi sausage,and canned fishery), whereas a few items showed decreased consumption (e.g., mackerel, pollack, cod,and canned tuna)