• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

Purpose - Since the early 1990s, it has been observed that the number and substance of studies on female leadership have been increasing. One of the reasons for this development may be concerned with the increasing number of female labor market participants as well as the greater opportunities for them to take higher positions in various organizations. In addition to this, the transition from mechanistic organizational structures that emphasize authority, control, and efficiency toward organic ones that focus on environmental adaptability, equality, and trust has also encouraged research on female leadership. The research tendency is based on the assumption that male and female leaders tend to exhibit different leadership styles according to their gender differences. Recent research has cast doubt on this assumption, by showing that the sociological gender roles of men and women are independent such that some female leaders show authoritative and control-oriented leadership, which were once considered to be male leadership styles. Research design, data, and methodology - This research attempts to carry out an empirical study on the gender-related leadership styles of female leaders and to examine their effect on group performance in the K business organization. This study also focuses on leader attributes such as trust, and it aims to discover whether these attributes should be regarded as independent or as moderating variables between leadership styles and performance. For these purposes, this study generated four hypotheses based on a review of the literature and it tested them using a survey. Female workers in the sales departments of the K Company, all of whom are women, were asked to provide answers to the presented questionnaires. This study hypothesizes that the type of gender roles played by women leaders will affect the job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the members of the sales group, and that the level of trust that is garnered by women leaders will also affect the types of gender roles that they play as well as employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results - The results of this study show that both androgynous and masculine leadership styles are superior to the feminine leadership style in terms of employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, contrary to our expectations, this study fails to show the superiority of the androgynous leadership style over the masculine leadership style. Moreover, there are no significant differences between these two leadership styles with regard to group performance. Conclusions - This study shows that it is important that different attributes of leaders, such as how trusted they are, be treated as moderating variables between leadership and performance rather than as independent variables. Finally, as this is the first attempt to view the role of the gender in a new perspective, the managerial implications of this study for leadership research, as well as its limitations, are presented. Suggestions for future related research are also proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.153-162
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• 2017

Weapon systems have been developed with high technology electronic equipment due to technology growth. In addition, the capital, operational and maintenance costs of weapon systems have all increased. However, cost of operation and maintenance for weapon systems has been decreased relatively compared to the increased capital cost of weapon systems. Therefore, the defense industry needs to research the life cycle cost of weapon systems that have high operational and maintenance costs. This paper focuses on maintenance equipment for the operation and maintenance of weapon systems. Recently, it seems that the weapon systems that have periodic calibration with maintenance equipment are valid. The equipment requires periodic calibration by the manufacturer to check its own validation. Basically, customers demand high reliability devices from foreign companies that have qualified in the global market. Therefore, the tools need to be calibrated overseas. In other words, weapon systems are not available when the equipment has to be calibrated overseas because the systems require validation with valid maintenance equipment. A purpose of this paper is to compare the loss costs that arise from the calibration of the equipment overseas and the purchasing cost of the tools. Finally, the research shows the number of equipment that customers need to minimize the cost. This research will help to improve the efficiency of operation of weapon systems and solve the problems associated with the need for maintenance overseas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.3
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• pp.274-284
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• 2008

For forest valuation, various input data were generally required: for example, slope, timber stocks, logging costs, hauling costs, market values of timber, afforestation costs, thinning costs, and so on. To enhance the efficiency of forest valuation process, it would be helpful to guide how and where to acquire such data sets. Moreover, to make an appraisal of timber assets through the Forestry Household Economy Survey, it would be inevitable to use standardized input data by region or tree species. Therefore, this research intended to develop a methodology of standardizing each input data, and to present its available data sources. Also, a guidance was presented to explain how to control input data within the appraisal process. Then, the appraisal process were analyzed and summarized in four types of information such as system flowchart, process flowcharts, detail flowcharts, and skimmer data, which are essential elements in developing an appraisal software, named EnVAST (Engine of Valuation System for Timber Assets). The software was designed to generate 'the standard forest valuation table' by species and province as the final output that is applicable for the forest valuation through the Forestry Household Economy Survey in Korea.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2018

In this study, we examined the accuracy of the assessment items for selecting start-ups used in the project to support start-ups and verified their validity in determining whether they are appropriate assessment items based on selection criteria. The results of 973 start-ups that applied for the project fostering startup leading universities were collected and logistic regression was performed using SPSS 18.0. The study results are summarized as follows. First, the differences in characteristics of start-ups were identified in terms of selection. Second, the impact of selection by assessment items was gender in 2015, capability of the founder, business establishment in 2016, performance and potential in the global market, and business startup in 2017. Third, the overall selection accuracy analysis for the last three years confirmed that the accuracy of the selection is lower each year and that the accuracy of the selection is lower than the accuracy of the non-selection. This means that the current assessment items for selecting start-ups are inaccurate for selection, and that changes in the items due to changes in the start-up environment each year have led to lower accuracy of selection. It is meaningful that this study raised the importance of assessment items and the need for improvement of assessment items for the screening functions of good start-ups to enhance efficiency of the policies for startup support.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.375-388
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• 2017

Wastewater treatment (WWT) technology has been developing from simple pollutant treatment to energy and resource-saving advanced technology, and various technologies combined with IT and BT are developed to minimize the amount of pollutant and toxic substance discharge to the public water areas and to improve operational efficiency. To examine the development trend of domestic wastewater treatment technology, the registered patent technologies were surveyed, classified and analyzed by year and sector. This paper considers the status of patent registration related to WWT from 2010.1 to 2017.5 in terms of the number of specific technical areas, and the trends are analyzed based on the 10 categorization field such as biological and physicochemical treatment process, equipment and device, material, sludge treatment, membrane, process control and 42 specific technical areas. A total of 3,356 patents have been registered since 2010, and the number of patents has been decreasing since the peak at 2013 and maintains 3~400 per year. The total number of patents has not yet been less than other countries, but the number of patents of more advanced technologies, which can lead the global market, such as process monitoring, new concept processing and equipment technologies is still insufficient compared to developed countries.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.127-132
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• 2016

This study evaluated the economic value of the development of a new variety of Citrus unshiu using the income approach, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio. The new variety of Citrus unshiu was developed by the national institute of horticultural and herbal science in Korea, rural development administration. The technological evaluation of the development of a new variety of Citrus unshiu can be used to improve the efficiency and practicality of the development of a new variety of citrus. From the research results, the technological value of development of a new variety of Citrus unshui was evaluated at 109,455(discount rate=8%, minimum), 195,040(discount rate=4%, maximum), and 145,375(discount rate=6%, average) million won. The IRR was 51.4%, which was greater than the discount rate(4~8%). The NPV was evaluated at 145.3 billion won(discount rate=6%, average), 195.0 billion won(discount rate=4%, maximum) and 109.4 billion won(discount rate=8%, minimum), all of which were greater than 0. The B/C ratio was evaluated at 60.9(discount rate=6%, average), 81.3(discount rate=4%, maximum) and 46.1(discount rate=8%, minimum), all of which were greater than 1. Therefore, the economic validity of the development of a new variety of Citrus unshiu was identified by this technological evaluation.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2000

The mobile computing service market is increasing rapidly due to the development of low-cost wireless network technology and the high-performance mobile computing devices. In recent years, several methods have been proposed to effectively deal with restrictions of the mobile computing environment such as limited bandwidth, frequent disconnection and short-lived batteries. Amongst those methods, much study is being done on the caching method - among the data transmitted from a mobile support station, it selects those that are likely to be accessed in the near future and stores them in the local cache of a mobile host. Existing cache replacement methods have some limitations in efficiency because they do not take into consideration the characteristics of user mobility and spatial attributes of geographical data. In this paper, we show that the value and the semantic of the data, which are stored in the cache of a mobile host, changes according to the movement of the mobile host. We argue it is because data that are geographically near are better suited to provide an answer to a users query in the mobile environment. Also, we define spatial location of geographical data has effect on, using the spatial attributes of data. Finally, we propose two new cache replacement methods that efficiently support user mobility and spatial attributes of data. One is based on the location of data and the other on the meaningful region of data. From the comparative analysis of the previous methods and that they improve the cache hit ratio. Also we show that performance varies according to data density using this, we argue different cache replacement methods are required for regions with varying density of data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.328-334
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• 2006

The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary ${\beta}-cyclodextrin\;({\beta}CD)$ on reducing the cholesterol content of pork. Twelve swine of 50 kg body weight were randomly distributed into four groups of three heads each and fed experimental diets for 9 weeks until they reached a market weight of 110 kg. They were assigned to the four experimental diets containing 0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0% or 5.0% pure ${\beta}CD$. Daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency were not significantly different between any of the four group. The plasma total lipid, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol content of the swine in the three ${\beta}CD$-fed groups were significantly (p<0.05) decreased when compared to those in the control group, and were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 21.80%,55.58% and 27.69%, respectively, in the swine fed on 5% ${\beta}CD$. The cholesterol content of pork belly (mg/100g) was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 5.33 mg, 12.70 mg and 15.23 mg in the swine maintained on 1.5%, 3.0% and 5.0% ${\beta}CD$, respectively. The cholesterol content of pork belly, when expressed as the rate of reduced cholesterol, was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 6.44%, 15.36% and 18.42% in groups of 1.5%, 3.0% and 5.0% ${\beta}CD$, respectively, when compared to that of the control group. These results suggest that dietary ${\beta}CD$ may be classified as dietary fiber which can modulate cholesterol metabolism in swine.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.247-265
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• 2017

With the increasingly diverse, sophisticated and complex character animations that can be represented in 3D animations, the importance of rigging, which can most directly affect animating quality, is becoming more and more important. In addition, rapidity is another crucial aspect of 3D animation production. So, the importance of technical director's role which is accurate and rapid handling of rigging pipeline building and immediate application and, corrections of errors during the longest and manpower consuming animation production is more becoming key. Baek Ji Won and Kim Jae-woong (2014) said, "The technical director is adding new importance to the new job, which is created by 3D animation, in conjunction with the limited production period, manpower, budget and production process." Most major overseas studios are developing in-house software to handle rigging and animation processes. Software development code is used to freely develop and modify production pipelines in accordance with the direction of the work. They are making efforts to build an optimal environment for animators. However, too many efforts and ineffective efforts have been made to develop, adapt, and stabilize the rigging process for small producers, creators, and students who do not have the capacity to develop their own in-house software or hire a technical director. This study suggests the most suitable auto-rigging tool among the many auto-rigging tools released in the market, and suggests the most accurate and quick auto-rigging process setting method for those who have insufficient knowledge about 3D character rigging. The efficiency of use of auto-rigging tool was examined.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.111-131
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• 2002

Strategic information systems assist organization with the significant opportunity to gain competitive advantage in executing its business plans and realizing its business goals. The universities establish long-range plan of information systems in an effort to provide just-in-time, useful, efficient and effective information services to their members such as professors, students, and staffs when carrying out various organizational activities. The university information systems started from the primitive computer-based application, extended to the administrative and educational e-transformation, even to the virtual university concept. Through an empirical analysis and complementary case examples, the current study carefully chose three Korean universities according to their chronological importance, that have undergone the information systems planning process years from 1995 to 2001. These universities then, were compared in terms of the information technology architecture: the information architecture, infra architecture, and information management architecture. These three areas of system were cross-examined under the consideration of the evolution of information technology architecture, and its impact on the development of university e-transformation. As part of a fulfillment plan to satisfy the needs of customers of current trend, it is evident that the university e-transformation provides a stepladder to highly competitive, first class university in the market, through achieving the educational advancement, research enhancement, and administrative efficiency. The result of the study analysis indicates that, of the three architectures examined, the weakness showed in the information management architecture. Therefore it is crucial for the university staffs, managers and professors to understand the significance of the successful implementation of the information system and its maintenance. Our study certainly will act as a catalyst for the promotion of the future university e-transformation projects.