• 경영과학
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2016

We study limit pricing in a price-based duopoly market under asymmetric information on the demand state. An incumbent, who is a monopolist in the initial period, has complete information on the size of a market, while a potential entrant only knows it partially. After observing the sales price of the incumbent in the first period, the entrant decides whether to enter a duopoly market and the sales price if she chooses to. We present a separating perfect Bayesian equilibrium, which indicates that limit pricing can deter the entry of a potential entrant under price competition when there is information asymmetry about the demand state.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권8호
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• pp.1181-1186
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• 2017

The purpose of Demand Response is to reduce the cost of excessive resources and equipment by spontaneous load reductions at peak loads. Having enough power consumers participating in these schemes is key to achieving the goal. Demand Response Aggregator (DRA) is responsible for recruiting demand resources and managing them to participate in reducing the load. DRAs change the price elasticity of demand functions by providing incentives to demand response, thereby affecting price formation in the electricity market. In this paper, this process is modeled to analyze the relationship between DRA's strategic bidding and market outcomes and load reductions. It analyzes the results by applying to competition between DRAs, competition between DR and Gencos, and coexistence of DR load and non-DR load. It is noteworthy that we have found a phenomenon called the Balloon Effect.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.807-809
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• 2005

This paper addresses the bidding strategies of a hydro generator in an electricity market, and their effect on the electricity market in accordance with some parameters: the water volume, the demand elasticity, and the hydro unit performance. The competition of a hydro generator is formulated as a hi-level optimization problem, and the solving scheme for the equilibrium condition is proposed as a set of nonlinear simultaneous equations. The equilibrium of the oligopolistic model is evaluated by comparison with that of a perfect competition model from the viewpoint of a market power.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

Purpose - Transnational corporations (TNCs) have influenced drastic changes (financial services, manufacturing, labor, technology transfer) in Central Eastern Europe (CEE). This paper examines the indirect changes in the CEE pattern of industrial development and market distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - Over 25 years, neighboring (or rival) countries competed to attract TNCs as a double-edged strategy for privatization and debt reduction. Through their experience attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), many countries started to reflect aspects of national capitalism. Countries also began to realize in 2010 that TNCs sought to enter markets with more favorable conditions for export-oriented manufacturing. Results - The analysis reveals that TNC investment strategies were aimed at eliminating local competition to acquire industrial "brown fields" to convert into "green fields." CEE countries have since strengthened their national systems and the support of large-scale state-owned enterprises and small and medium-sized start-up enterprises. Conclusions - CEE has changed based on industrial development and a regional structure of TNC market distribution and associated government policies. The pattern toward flexible markets gives countries the ability to further their economies.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.801-806
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• 2005

The world of container shipping and container terminal business is changing and container ports need to know what the changes are in order to plan how to respond. In particular, the container transport industry has noticed two major developments such as globalization and consolidation. The purpose of this paper is to review the current trend towards globalization and consolidation of container liner shipping and container terminal business. It also investigates the impact of these market developments on container ports and presents its implications for port development, management and operation, and port competition policy. According to the discussion of this paper a greater exercise of market power of container terminal operators will have negative impacts on international trade and national economy, especially port users, including container lines, exporters and importers. An empirical evidence on the exercise of market power is required to develop competition rules on market dominance at a national and international level. This paper suggests 'port coopetition' as a solution for smaller and regional container terminal operators to survive in a competitive business environment.

• 경영과학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2003

With the progress of Internet and e-commerce, there have been many researches on the market efficiency of the Internet markets using real price data. Contrary to the common expectations by many economists, most of the previous researches have fatted to prove that the Internet market is more efficient than the conventional market. This paper empirically analyzes the pricing behavior of Internet and conventional retailers in South Korea. We have collected real price data on CDs and TVs from various types of retailers, from which we have analyzed three aspects of pricing behavior : price level, price change over time, and price dispersion across the retailers. We have found that the average prices of CDs and TVs at the Internet retailers are lower than those at the conventional retailers. We have also found that there is a close association between the behaviors (e.g., magnitude and timing of changes) of TV prices at the Internet retailers and those at the conventional retailers. It has been observed that the range of the CD prices at the internet retailers is less than a half of the range at the conventional retailers, which can be considered as an evidence of a relatively stronger price competition at the Internet market compared with the conventional market.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2020

Small and medium enterprises need a wide range of information regarding technologies, industries, market conditions, other companies, and products to facilitate identification of new growth opportunities and to respond quickly to changes in the business environment. Collecting such information, however, requires the input of resources (human resources, cost, and time), and the lack of marketability resulting from the shortage of such resources is often cited as the reason small and medium often fail in their effort to commercialize their technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental factors such as market concentration and the current level of competition to enable companies to make the necessary decisions when considering market entry following R&D planning and technology commercialization, or after the development of a new product. Also, an expert-based 5FORCE analysis can be performed using the KMAPS, an industry and market intelligence system: this facilitates automatic production of analyses based on the corporate finance and transaction data. The key contribution of the study is that it facilitates conveniently and quickly analyzing the 5 Forces, which had been a difficult task in the environmental analysis, and that the outcomes of this study empower companies in the decision-making process.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2007

New retailers, especially giant retailers, so called "mart" or "discounter" which introduced around 1996, when Korea's domestic retail market was opened to the world, have brought big transitions. Consequently, new comers like discounters and CVS drove out department stores, mom & pops and traditional retailers. Literatures showed two reverse opinions for the giant retailers; rising consumers' benefit, or dropping small retailers' businesses. This study have conducted to find the situation of market concentration in retail market, and to learn the new market condition in it. According to the study, in 2005, CR3's of Korea's whole retail industry was counted 12.8%, and CR5 of that was 13.9%. CR3 of discount store business was 39%, department stores' 55%, and TV home shopping businesses' was 75%. In addition to those results, indices growing worse. So, we can say this industry already get into the oligopolistic industrial organization. Generally, under monopolistic or oligopolistic market structure, consumers' benefit may shrink and businesses' surplus profit may jump. So, it means, it's good time to turn government's policy for the retail industry in Korea to fair competition policy instead of development policy.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2012

동북아시아 경제의 급성장으로 인한 지역 물동량 및 해운시장 환경 변화에 따라서 부산항과 상해항은 동북아 물류 중심 허브가 되기 위하여 항만개발 및 항만 경쟁력을 강화해 왔으며, 최근에는 환적 컨테이너 화물 유치경쟁이 더욱 심화되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동북아 주요 컨테이너 항만중 경쟁관계에 있는 부산항과 상해항을 대상으로 이 두 항만이 피더항의 환적화물을 유치하기 위한 경쟁의 게임모형을 수립하여 경쟁상황을 분석하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제26권12C호
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• pp.280-291
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• 2001

전통적으로 기업용데이터서비스시장에서 독점적인 위치를 차지하고 있는 전용회선서비스는 현행 통신사업 분류 체계상 기간통신서비스 가운데 회선설비에 해당되고 FR, VPN, ATM 등의 대체서비스들은 부가통신서비스에 해당되어, 사업자 전략을 도출하기 위한 시장분석에 필요한 데이터 확보도 어려을 뿐더러 사업자에 대한 규제나 정책 등이 차별적으로 적용되는 경우가 많아 기업용데이터서비스시장에 대한 정확한 시장정의가 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문은 시장을 정의하는 다양한 방법론들을 고찰하여, 서비스 간 대체성 분석이 용이한 Hendry Model을 활용하여 기업용데이터서비스시장의 경쟁구조를 분석하였다. 먼저 Hendry Mode떼 사용될 가상 경쟁구조를 설정하기 위해 시장의 경쟁환경을 분석하기에 유용한 Porter Model을 이용하여 기업용데이터서비스시장의 가상경쟁구조를 전용회선제공업체간 경쟁과 서비스간 경쟁으로 설정하였다. 다음단계로 각 경쟁구조를 Hendry Model에 적용하여 예측된 차년도 시장점유율과 실제 시장점유율을 비교하여 전용회선제공업체간 경쟁은 7개 업체가 직접적으로 경쟁하기 보다는 2개의 하부시장으로 나누어 경쟁하고 있음을 확인하였고, 서비스간 경쟁은 전용회선, FR, VPN, ATM 등 4가 서비스가 직접적인 경쟁관계를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 Hendry Model을 이용해 도출된 Switching Probability Matrix를 이용하여 2003년까지의 전용회선제공업체들의 시장점유율과 기업용데이터서비스들의 시장점유율을 예측하고 이에 따른 경쟁전략을 고찰하였다. 이러한 분석 결과는 사업자들이 향후 자기 잠식을 최소화시키며 효율적으로 수요를 견인하는 경쟁전략과 신규서비스에 대한 포지셔닝 전락을 도출하는 데 도움이 될 것이며, 실제 시장의 경쟁구조를 확인함으로써 현재 차별적으로 적용되고 있는 규제나 정책 부문을 개선할 수 있는 근거가 될 것이다.