• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.25-37
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• 2015

This study has developed a mobile AR contents Builder (MARB) featuring the augmentation of virtual objects, e. g. 2D images, 3D models and videos on user-preferred markers in mobile environment and with connected interaction events. The developed MARB is capable of augmenting multiple virtual objects on markers preferred by users, and selectively supporting many marker-specific interaction events. The MARB is also developed as a mobile App for convenience of use in the mobile environment. This makes users to implement AR contents by a GUI-based authoring procedure on the mobile device. The developed MARB allows App developers and general users to author mobile contents easily and can be applied to various field by those who wish to use diverse mobile AR contents. Moreover, the MARB will provide solutions for the expansion of mobile AR market, by overcoming the difficulties of mobile AR content development.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2289-2301
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• 2015

Mobile devices are becoming powerful enough to realize augmented reality (AR) application. This paper introduces two AR methods to estimate an environmental illumination distribution of a scene. In the first method, we extract the lighting direction and intensity from input images captured with a front-side camera of a mobile device, using its orientation sensor. The second method extracts shadow regions cast by three dimensional (3D) AR marker of known shape and size. Because previous methods examine per pixel shadow intensity, their performances are much affected by the number of sampling points, positions, and threshold values. By using a simple binary operation between the previously clustered shadow regions and the threshold real shadow regions, we can compute efficiently their relative area proportions according to threshold values. This area-based method can overcome point sampling problem and threshold value selection. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed methods generate natural image with multiple smooth shadows in real-time.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.323-335
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an AR(augmented reality) system using user's bare hand based on computer vision. It is important for registering a virtual object on the real input image to detect and track correct feature points. The AR systems with markers are stable but they can not register the virtual object on an acquired image when the marker goes out of a range of the camera. There is a tendency to give users inconvenient environment which is limited to control a virtual object. On the other hand, our system detects fingertips as fiducial features using adaptive ellipse fitting method considering the geometric characteristics of hand. It registers the virtual object stably by getting movement of fingertips with determining the shortest distance from a palm center. We verified that the accuracy of fingertip detection over 82.0% and fingertip ordering and tracking have just 1.8% and 2.0% errors for each step. We proved that this system can replace the marker system by tacking a camera projection matrix effectively in the view of stable augmentation of virtual object.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.455-465
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• 2008

Augmented reality (AR) has tremendous potential in visualizing geospatial information, especially on the actual physical scenes. However, to utilize augmented reality in mobile system, many researches have undergone with GPS or ubiquitous marker based approaches. Although there are several papers written with vision based markerless tracking, previous approaches provide fairly good results only in largely under "controlled environments." Localization and tracking of current position become more complex problem when it is used in indoor environments. Many proposed Radio Frequency (RF) based tracking and localization. However, it does cause deployment problems of large RF-based sensors and readers. In this paper, we present a noble markerless AR approach for indoor (possible outdoor, too) navigation system only using monoSLAM (Monocular Simultaneous Localization and Map building) algorithm to full-fill our grand effort to develop mobile seamless indoor/outdoor u-GIS system. The paper briefly explains the basic SLAM algorithm, then the implementation of our system.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.337-356
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• 2015

Recently augmented reality contents are variously used in public such as advertisements or exhibits as well as children's books. Therefore, it is certain that the market, development of augmented reality contents, is gradually growing. Those who are the producer of augmented reality may be familiar with the skill where those images are used as a marker which is created by image recognition technique. In case of using image recognition technique, they usually use the augmented reality marker platform from Qualcomm since it is able to recognize self-produced images and 3-dimensional figures at no cost. This study was started when undergraduate students began to use those general techniques in their contents producing process. AR majoring students in Namseoul University applied image recognition technique to 3 AR contents exhibited in Sejong Center. Creating 3 different images, they have registered images at Image Target Manager provided by Vuforia to use as a marker. Moreover, they have modified the image producing method to raise the recognition rate by research. The higher recognition rate brings the more stable use of augmented reality contents. To achieve the satisfied rate, they have compared the elements of color contrast, pattern and etc. in the use of platform. Thus, the effective image creation method has been drawn. This study is aiming to suggest the production of stable contents by recognizing smart devices' limitation and producing educational contents. The purpose of this study is to help practically augmented reality contents developers by illustrating the application of augmented reality contents which are based on image recognition technique and also its effectiveness at the same time.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.521-527
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• 2009

This paper suggests a collision techniques for a higher reality in augmented reality by processing collision between a real object obtained through video frame input and a marker-based virtual object or a virtual object from Opengl. Augmented reality system is providing the visual information containing a virtual object added to the real environment and interactive interface between objects and between user and objects becomes a more concerning interest. But the collision problem is essential to the interactive interface and has to be solved first. Therefore, the proposed system suggests a solution for it to increase the realism and the immersion by validating the collision among a marker-based object, a virtual object from Opengl, and a real object obtained through web camera, that is, video frame.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 2022

Coding education and algorithm education are essential in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Text-oriented algorithm textbooks are perceived as difficult by students who are new to coding and algorithms. There is a need to develop educational content so that students can easily understand the principles of complex algorithms. This paper has implemented basic sorting algorithms as augmented reality contents for students who are new to algorithm education. To make it easier to understand the concept and principles of sorting algorithms, sorting data was expressed as a 3D box and the comparison of values according to the algorithms and the movement of values were produced as augmented reality contents in the form of 3D animations. In order to help with the understanding of sorting algorithms in C language, the change of variable values and the exchange of data were shown as animations according to the execution order of the code and the flow of the loop. Students can conveniently use contents through a smart phone without special equipment by being produced in a marker-based manner. Interest and immersion, as well as understanding of classes of sorting algorithms can be increased through educational augmented reality-based educational contents.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.254-268
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• 2013

This paper presents an augmented reality (AR) based rehabilitation exercise system to enhance the motor function of the hands for the paretic/hemi-paretic patient. The existing rehabilitation systems rely on mechanical apparatus for palsy rehabilitation, but we aim to use the rehabilitation system at home with easy configuration and minimized equipment by the computer vision based approach. The proposed method evaluates the interaction status of the fingertip action by using the position and the contact of the fingertip markers. We obtain the 2D positions of the fingertip markers from a single camera, and then transform the 3D positions from the calibrated camera space by using an ARToolKit marker. We adopt simple geometric calculation by the conversion of the 2D interest points into the 3D interaction points for the simple interactive task in AR environment. Some experimental results show that the proposed method is practical and simply applicable to the applications with personal AR interaction.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2021

In order to realize a smart home, a new type of service that converges the two technologies is required as a method to overcome the respective limitations of augmented reality and IoT technologies. Augmented reality recognizes objects and projects augmented content with the recognized objects on the screen. This technology mainly uses image processing methods such as markers as a method for recognizing objects. In this paper, an augmented reality-based IoT control platform using markers was developed. By defining a marker unique to the object, a unique identifier displayed on the camera was distinguished. A smart home system was implemented by calling a controller to control things. The proposed system receives state information of objects through symptom reality and transmits control commands. The proposed platform was verified by manipulating household lights.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1479-1487
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• 2015

A total of 420 day-old male Ross chicks were weighed at d 1 of life and assigned to test diets to assess the efficacy of a new Buttiauxella spp. phytase expressed in Trichoderma reesei. Diets were: positive control (PC) adequate in nutrients and negative control (NC) diet (40% and 17% less available phosphorous (P) and calcium (Ca), respectively) supplemented with 6 levels of phytase 0, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 2,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of diet. All diets had titanium dioxide as digestibility marker and each diet was allocated to ten cages (6 birds/cage). Diets were fed for 3 wk to measure growth performance, apparent retention (AR) on d 17 to 21 and bone ash and ileal digestibility (AID) on d 22. Growth performance and nutrient utilization was lower (p<0.05) for NC vs PC birds. Phytase response in NC birds was linear (p<0.05) with 2,000 FTU showing the greatest improvement on body weight gain (20%), feed conversion (7.4%), tibia ash (18%), AR of Ca (38%), AR of P (51%) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (5.1%) relative to NC. Furthermore, phytase at ${\geq}750FTU$ resulted in AID of total AA commensurate to that of PC fed birds and at ${\geq}1,000FTU$ improved (p<0.05) AR of P, dry matter, and N beyond that of the lower doses of phytase and PC diet. In conclusion, the result from this study showed that in addition to increased P and Ca utilization, the new Buttiauxella phytase enhanced growth performance and utilization of other nutrients in broiler chickens in a dose-dependent manner.