• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.358-362
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• 2004

In order to develop molecular markers related to stay green phenotype, AFLP analysis was conducted using near-isogenic lines for either stay green or non stay green trait. Both lines have characteristics of multi-ear and tillers (MET). Two out of 64 primer combinations of selective amplification identified three reproducible polymorphic fragments in MET corn with stay green. Both of E+AGC/M+CAC and E+AAG/M+CAA primer combinations produced two and one specific polymorphic fragments linked to stay green trait, respectively. For the conversion of AFLPs to sequence tag sites (STSs), primers were designed form both end sequences of each two polymorphic fragments. One fragment, which was amplified with E+AAG/M+CAA primer combinations, possessed 298 bp long and showed a $91\%$ homology with maize retrotransposon Cinful-l. One out of two polymorphic fragments produced with E+AGC/M+CAC primer combination had 236 bp long and matched a $96\%$ homology with an intron region of 22kDa alpha zein gene cluster in Zea mays. One out of two PCR fragments amplified with MET2 primer set in the stay green MET was not produced in the non-stay green MET. The developed AFLP and STS marker could be used as an efficient tool for selection of the stay green trait in the MET inbred.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.154-154
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• 2017

In accordance with the opening of the Korean rice market, this study was focused on establishment of database for discriminating the Korean rice varieties and imported brand rices using DNA markers. In this study, the SNP markers were developed using single nucleotide polymorphisms between the reference sequences of japonica and them of 40 brand rices which collected in Australia, China, Thailand, United States and Vietnam. The developed SNP markers were screened to a total of 360 rices including 320 Korean rice varieties and 40 imported brand rices. We selected polymorphic markers among Korean bred rive varieties and imported brand rices. The selected markers were classified into 3 grades. The markers of A grade produced DNA band in 360 rices of 30~40%, B grades produced in 40~60%, and C grades produced bands over 60% rices. First, we tried to set-up the discriminating system using the minimum SNP markers of A grade. Especially, a set of sixteen SNP markers could identify among Korean bred rice varieties and imported brand rices. Additionally, some SNP markers like NSb for Pib gene, JJ80-T for Pi5 and YL155/YL87 for Pita which linked to resistance genes to blast were used to fingerprinting system. These markers were set-up as multiplex set for enhancing the identification efficiency among rice varieties. Finally, the selected SNP markers would be used to the fluidigm assay to construct the database for elaborate discrimination of rice varieties.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.14-14
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• 2017

The discipline of plant breeding is experiencing a renaissance impacting crop improvement as a result of new technologies, however fundamental questions remain for predicting the phenotype and how the environment and genetics shape it. Inexpensive DNA sequencing, genotyping, new statistical methods, high throughput phenotyping and gene-editing are revolutionizing breeding methods and strategies for improving both quantitative and qualitative traits. Genomic selection (GS) models use genome-wide markers to predict performance for both phenotyped and non-phenotyped individuals. Aerial and ground imaging systems generate data on correlated traits such as canopy temperature and normalized difference vegetative index that can be combined with genotypes in multivariate models to further increase prediction accuracy and reduce the cost of advanced trials with limited replication in time and space. Design of a GS training population is crucial to the accuracy of prediction models and can be affected by many factors including population structure and composition. Prediction models can incorporate performance over multiple environments and assess GxE effects to identify a highly predictive subset of environments. We have developed a methodology for analyzing unbalanced datasets using genome-wide marker effects to group environments and identify outlier environments. Environmental covariates can be identified using a crop model and used in a GS model to predict GxE in unobserved environments and to predict performance in climate change scenarios. These new tools and knowledge challenge the plant breeder to ask the right questions and choose the tools that are appropriate for their crop and target traits. Contemporary plant breeding requires teams of people with expertise in genetics, phenotyping and statistics to improve efficiency and increase prediction accuracy in terms of genotypes, experimental design and environment sampling.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

Mutation of the P53 tumor suppressor gene playa major role in the development of many carcinomas, namely in the colon, breast and bladder, whereas the role played by such mutations in thyroid carcinogenesis remains controversial. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces proliferation of endothelial cells, stimulates angiogenesis, and increases vascular permeability. Increased VEGF expression has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in many malignancies E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein, is an adhesion molecule Expression of p53, VEGF and E-cadherin was assessed immunohistochemically in 19 tall columnar variant of papillary carcinoma, 24 common papillary carcinoma and 7 follicular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of P53,VEGF and E-cadherin as a potential maker for the prognosis of thyroid carcinomas. The results are as follows: 1) There were no significance in any clinical parameters examined among tall columnar variant of papillary carcinoma, common papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. 2) The expression of P53 demonstrated low in tall columnar variant of papillary carcinoma, common papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, but a significantly high in regional lymph node metastasis. 3) The expression of VEGF demonstrated a significantly high in regional lymph node metastasis than those without metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. 4) The expression of E-cadherin demonstrated less often among papillary carcinomas with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. In conclusion, it is suggested that VEGF and E-cadherin will be useful for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and serves as a biological marker for thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastasis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2011

In order to develop silk peptide (SP) preparations possessing cognition-enhancing effect, several candidates were screened through in vitro assays, and their effectiveness was investigated in facilitated brain aging model rats. Incubation of brain acetyl-cholinesterase with SP-PN (1-1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$) led to inhibition of the enzyme activity up to 35%, in contrast to a negligible effect of SP-NN. The expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA of neural stem cells expressing ChAT gene (F3.ChAT) was increased by 24-hour treatment with 10 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ SP-NN (1.35 and 2.20 folds) and SP-PN (2.40 and 1.34 folds). Four-week subcutaneous injections with D-galactose (150 mg/kg) increased activated hippocampal astrocytes to 1.7 folds (a marker of brain injury and aging), decreased acetylcholine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid by 45-50%, and thereby impaired learning and memory function in passive avoidance and water-maze performances. Oral treatment with SP preparations (50 or 300 mg/kg) for 5 weeks from 1 week prior to D-galactose injection exerted recovering activities on acetylcholine depletion and brain injury/aging as well as cognitive deficit induced by D-galactose. The results indicate that SP preparations restore cognitive functions of facilitated brain aging model rats by increasing the release of acetylcholine, in addition to neuroprotective activity.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

Thais Roding, 1798, commonly known as rock-shell, is among the most frequently found gastropod genera worldwide on intertidal rocky shores including those of Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea. This group contains important species in many marine environmental studies but species-level taxonomy of the group is quite complicated due to the morphological variations in shell characters. This study examined the genetic variations and relationships among three Korean Thais species based on the partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 gene fragments. Phylogenetic trees from different analytic methods (maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining, and maximum likelihood) showed that T. bronni and T. luteostoma are closely related, indicating the most recent common ancestry. The low sequence divergence found between T. luteostoma and T. bronni, ranging from 1.53% to 3.19%, also corroborates this idea. Further molecular survey using different molecular marker is required to fully understand a detailed picture of the origin for their low level of interspecific sequence divergence. Sequence comparisons among conspecific individuals revealed extensive sequence variations within the three species with maximum values of 2.43% in T. clavigera and 1.37% in both T. bronni and T. luteostoma. In addition, there is an unexpectedly high level of mitochondrial genotypic diversity within each of the three Korean Thais species. The high genetic diversity revealed in Korean Thais species is likely to reflect genetic diversity introduced from potential source populations with diverse geographic origins, such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, and a variety of different coastal regions in South China and Japan. Additional sequence analysis with comprehensive taxon sampling from unstudied potential source populations will be also needed to address the origin and key factors for the high level of genetic diversity discovered within the three Korean Thais species studied.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2001

배경: 최근 치료법의 진보에도 불구하고 진행성 식도암의 예후는 5년 생존율이 10% 이하로매우 불량하기 때문에 식도암에 대한 새로운 치료방법의 하나로 암면역 치료가 대두되고 있다. 암면역 치료를 위해서 MAGE 등 종양 특이항원이 연구의 대상이 되고 있으나 국내에서는 아직 이에 대한 연구가 없다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 고신대학교 복음병원 흉부외과에서 수술 치험한 125례의 식도암중 병리조직 보관상태가 양호한 편평세포암 79례를 병기에 따라(1병기 19례, IIa병기 19례, IIb병기 10례, III병기 21례, IV병기 10례) 무작위로 추출하고 대조군으로 평활근종 20례와 정상 식도점막 20례를 대조군으로 하여 DO7 단클론 항체와 항 MAGE-3 단클론 항체 57B를 이용하여 면역조직화학검사를 시행하여 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현율을 조사하고 식도암 조직에서 질병의 진행도를 반영하는 병기에 따른 발현율 및 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현율간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 결과: 식도암조직에서 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현율은 각각 51.9%, 60.8%의 발현율을 보였으나 식도평활근종과 정상 식도점막에서는 한례도 발현되지 않아 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물은 대조군에 비해 식도암 조직에서 의미있게 발현되었다(p<0.001). 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현은 I병기에서 68.4%, 52.6%, IIa병기에서 57.9%, 47.6%, IIb병기에서 60%, 70%, III병기에서 33.3%, 71.4%, IV병기에서 40%, 70% 각각 발현되어 병기에 따른 발현율의 차이는 없었다(p=0.193, p=0.452). 식도암 조직내에서 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현간에는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p=0.679). 결론: 이상의 결과로 변형 p53 단백과 MAGE-3 유전자 산물의 발현은 식도암에서 예후인자로서의 역할은 할수 없으나 식도 편평세포 암조직에서만 특이하게 높은 빈도로 발현됨으로써 식도암도 면역치료의 대상이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution For decades, Spergularia marina, a local food that is popular in South Korea, has been regarded as a nutritious source of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. While several halophytes are reported to possess distinct bioactivities, S. marina has yet to be promoted as a natural source of bioactives. In this study, the effects of S. marina on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and C2C12 myoblast cells were evaluated. The anti-adipogenic effect of S. marina was assessed by measuring lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation marker expression. S. marina treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation and notably decreased the gene levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. In addition, S. marina enhanced osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased levels of osteoblastogenesis indicators, namely bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin, and type I collagen. In conclusion, S. marina could be a source of functional food ingredients that improve osteoporosis and obesity. Further studies, including activity-based fractionation, will elucidate the mechanism of action and active ingredients of S. marina, which would provide researchers with a better understanding of the nutraceutical and therapeutic applications of S. marina.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2016

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is generally a rare primary liver tumor of the bile duct with extremely poor clinical outcomes due to late diagnosis. Osteopontin (OPN) is the most abundant expressed gene in intrahepatic CCA and its involvement in tumor aggressiveness suggests it could be a useful prognostic biomarker. However, the prognostic significance of OPN expression in CCA is still controversial. We therefore immunohistochemically studied OPN expression in 354 resected CCAs and correlated the results with patient clinicopathological parameters. OPN expression was separately scored according to the percentage of cancer cells or degree of stromal tissue staining and classified as low (score 0-1) and high (score 2-3). OPN expression in CCA cells was found in 177 out of 354 patients (56.5%), whereas stroma was positive in 185 out of 354 patients (52.3%). Univariate analysis with several of the aforementioned parameters revealed that stromal but not cancer cell OPN expression was significantly associated with tumor size, tumor direct invasion into normal liver parenchyma, regional lymph node metastasis and higher staging. The combination of cancer cell and stromal OPN expression demonstrated a positive trend for linkage with lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis identified gender, the presence of lymphatic permeation and lymph node metastasis, but not OPN expression, as independent prognostic factors. This study confirms the presence of stromal OPN expression in tumor aggressiveness but not survival in CCA patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3437-3441
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• 2012

Background: Oncogenic Bmi-1 (B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1) belongs to the Polycomb-group (PcG) family of proteins and plays an important role in the regulation of proliferation, senescence, cell cycle and apoptosis, chromosome stability, activation of gene transcription. Methods: To clarify the roles of Bmi-1 in tumourigenesis and progression of gastric carcinomas, it was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time RT-PCR in gastric carcinomas, dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastritis with a comparison of its expression with clinicopathological parameters of carcinomas. Results: There was gradually increased Bmi-1 protein expression from gastritis, IM, dyplasia to carcinoma (p<0.001). Bmi-1 expression was positively linked to tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and worse prognosis of carcinomas (p<0.001), but not to age or sex of carcinoma patients (p>0.05). There was higher Bmi-1 protein expression in intestinal-type carcinomas than diffuse-type ones (p<0.001). At mRNA level, Bmi-1 protein expression was increased from gastritis, IM, dysplasia and carcinoma (p<0.001). Bmi-1 overexpression was observed in gastric carcinoma with larger diameter, deeper invasion, lymph node metastasis, and intestinal-type carcinoma (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that up-regulated Bmi-1 expression is positively linked to pathogenesis, growth, invasion, metastasis and differentiation of gastric carcinomas. It was considered as a promising marker to indicate the aggressive behaviors and prognosis of gastric carcinomas.