• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the lead-lag relationship between the agricultural produce import price in Korea and the corresponding shipping freight rate. Since the Korean economy has pursued an export-driven growth strategy, mainly based on the manufacturing sector, the country has to depend on the vast majority of its agricultural produce consumption after import from foreign countries. Moreover, compared with other high-value products, transportation cost occupies a substantial share of the agricultural commodity price, resulting in changes in the shipping freight rate being a pivotal determinant of agricultural produce import. In this respect, this study explores the possible association between agricultural produce import in Korea and shipping freight rate and the lead-lag relationship. Using a monthly dataset of agricultural produce import prices and freight rates for Handysize and Panamax dry-bulkers for the period between January 2010 and November 2020, this study determines that the shipping freight rate, in general, leads the agricultural commodity price.

• Ocean policy research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

The import control provision of US MSA (Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act) IUU fishing is similar to that of MMPA (The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 as Amended) which caused US-Tuna(1991) case. This paper examines whether MSA's import control provision can be found to be inconsistent with WTO agreement. There is no doubt that MSA violates the Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994. The only remaining issue is whether US IUU fishing product measure is justified by the Article XX(g) and its Chapeau. However, Article XX(g) provides for a limited and conditional exception from obligations under other provisions. This paper concludes that the US MSA measure can not be justified under Article XX.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2022

As smart factory is the factory which produces the products according to the customer's diverse demand and the changing conditions in it, it can be characterized by flexible production, dynamic reconstruction, and optimized production environment. To implement these characteristics, many kind of configuration elements in the smart factory should be connected to and communicated with each other. So the network is responsible for playing this role in the smart factory. As SDN (Software Defined Network) is the technology that can dynamically cope with the explosive increasing data amount and the hourly changing network condition, it is one of network technologies that can be applied to the smart factory. In this paper, we address SDN function and operation, SDN model suitable for the smart factory, and then performs the simulation for measuring this model.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.457-461
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• 2009

Recently, metal molding has become essential not only for automobile parts, but also mass production, and has greatly influenced production costs as well as the quality of products. Its surface has been treated by carburizing, nitriding and induction hardening, but these existing treatments cause considerable deformation and increase the expense of postprocessing after treatment; furthermore, these treatments cannot be easily applied to parts that requiring the hardening of only a certain section. This is because the treatment cannot heat the material homogeneously, nor can it heat all of it. Laser surface treatment was developed to overcome these disadvantages, and, when the laser beam is irradiated on the surface and laser speed is appropriate, the laser focal position is rapidly heated and the thermal energy of surface penetrates the material after irradiation, finally imbuing it with a new mechanical characteristic by the process of self-quenching. This research estimates the material characteristic after efficient and functional surface treatment using HPDL, which is more efficient than the existing CW Nd:YAG laser heat source. To estimate this, microstructural changes and hardness characteristics of three parts (the surface treatment part, heat affect zone, and parental material) are observed with the change of laser beam speed and surface temperature. Moreover, the depth of the hardened area is observed with the change of the laser beam speed and temperature.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.1 s.107
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• pp.85-90
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• 2006

RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) is appearing by point technology by Ubiquitous environment of new paradigm and Logistics' application But, RFID chip of this is high price and short bandwidth, low power and interference etc. can become technological problem This is getting into obstacle in common use. Reader and tag, Embedded software etc.. that are accomplishing standardization are imported paying most expensive royalty. This paper deals with a RFID cognition system that use PDA under ubiquitous environment to apply to Logistics system A RFID cognition system processes input/output of fundamental information attaching a tag onto products. And a RFID cognition system supports quick, correct and sqfe synthetic Logistics managerial system through construction of database. This can minimize logistics costs and improve the quality of customer service. A RFID cognition system has advantage that can widen range of application to area that cognition system of existent fixing style can not do. Also, it can expect economical effect through inexpensive system construction.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.803-810
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• 2012

Since the introduction of reefer container for seaborne transportation, international trade of reefer products has increased continuously with the development of refrigerate technology, increased speed of the ship and change of consumption pattern. Reefer cargo is perishable and sensitive to temperature, humidity compared with general cargo and normally reefer cargo is more valuable than general cargo. Therefore it needs special care for its handling in transit including land and sea in order to prevent cargo damage. However, lots of claims relating to reefer cargo damage rise frequently in workplace. It may increase unnecessary logistic cost and time. The aim of this study is to improve and prevent damage to reefer container cargo in transit for the purpose of benefits to both merchants and carriers to save unnecessary logistic cost and time as well as to contribute to deliver the cargo more safely and efficiently to destination.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.489-492
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• 2000

The eventual goal of this study is to elucidate roles of plant terpenoids (e.g., cymene, limonene and others) as natural substrates in the cometabolic biodegradation of PCBs and to develop an effective PCB bioremediation technology. The aim of this study was to examine how plant terpenoids, as natural substrates or inducers would affect the biodegradation of PCB congeners. Various PCB degraders that could grow on biphenyl and several terpenoids were tested for their PCB degradation capabilities. The PCB congener degradation activities were first monitored through resting cell assay technique that could detect degradation products of the substrate. The congener removal was also confirmed by concommitant GC analysis. The PCB degraders, Pseudononas sp. P166 and Caynebacterium sp. T104 were found to grow on both biphenyl and terpenoids ((S)-(-) limonene, p-cymene and ${\alpha}-terpinene$) whereas Arthrobacter B1B could not grow on the terpenoids as a sole carbon source. The strain B1B grown on biphenyl showed a good degradation activity for 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl (DCBp) while strains P166 and T104 gave about 25% of B1B activity. Induction of degradation by cymene, limonene and terpine was hardly detected by the resting cell assay technique. This appeared to be due to relatively lower induction effect of these terpenoids compared with biphenyl. However, a subsequent GC analysis showed that the congener could be removed up to 30% by the resting cells of T104 grown on the terpenoids. This indicates that terpenoids, widely distributed in nature, could be utilized as both growth and/or inducer substrate for PCB biodegradation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2004

Defects inspection of commodities are very important with those design and manufacturing process and essential to strengthen the competitiveness of those. If on-line automatic defects detection is performed without damaging to products, the production cost shall be curtailed through the reducing man-power, economical management of Q.C(Quality Control). In this paper, it is suggested three spatial filtering methods which can extract the necessary information in case of defects being on the surface of object like iron plate. In addition, the dependence of filtering characteristics on parameters such as the pitch and width of slits is analyzed and the surface defect detection system is constructed. Several experiments were carried out for determining the adequate spatial filtering method through comparing and analyzing effects of parameters like defect's size and shape, intensity of light, noise of coherent source and slit number.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.577-583
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• 2014

A ship-to-ship (STS) lightering operation takes place in order to transfer cargo (e.g. crude oil or petroleum products) between an ocean-going ship and a service ship alongside it. Instrumental measurements to accurately determine the relative speeds and distances during the approach between the vessels would benefit the operational safety and efficiency. A velocity information GPS (VI-GPS) system, which uses the instantaneous velocity measures from carrier-phase Doppler measurement, has been applied in a field observation onboard a service ship (Aframax tanker) approaching a ship-to-be-lightered (VLCC) in open waters. This article proposes to apply VI-GPS as the input sensor to a guidance and decision-support system aiming to provide accurate velocity information to the officer in charge of an STS operation. A method for precise velocity measurement using VI-GPS was described and the measurement results were compared each other with the results of Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) and VI-GPS that showed the concept of a guidance and decision-support system applying VI-GPS with the field test results during STS operations. Also, it turned out that VI-GPS has sufficient accuracy to serve as an input sensor from the field test results.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.277-289
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• 2014

Fishing village is becoming the central base of fishing industry and it plays a major role. However, there is a decrement of marine resources and some difficulties with the deterioration of fishing industry management. In order to solve these problems, there should be some developments(e.g. fishing village toursim development) on various undergoing government and the private organization programs. Nevertheless, there are not guidelines for fishing village tourism development to utilize for practical business. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the current status and guidelines regarding the development of fishing village for coastal planner. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of fishing village development works in Korea and Japan. The second purpose is to identifie success factors after analyzing individual success cases. Based on evidence from the literature and a dialogue with village leader, a literature review on extracting success cases for guidelines were selected according to criteria such as the degree of contribution to an increase in income of the fishing village, the degree of contribution to an increase in consumption of marine products using local natural resources, the number of tourists that visits the village. Finally we propose guidelines for future fishing village development projects. The guidelines based on the successful cases, as well as the major factors about the objectives and direction of fishing village tourism development, suggested as follows. 1)Plans for land use, 2)Development of tourist resources, 3)Plans for views, 4)Plans for resource protection, 5)Plans for operation and marketing.